案例教学法在法医病理学国家精品课程教学中的应用

精品课程是国家教育部关于高等学校教学质量和教学改革工程的重要内容,是衡量高等学校教学质量和人才培养质量的标杆之一,精品课程建设在高等医学教学工作中具有重要的地位。法医病理学是一门应用学科,是法医学专业的主干课程,法医病理学教材中部分内容单调、枯燥,在教学中紧靠教材上知识,很难调动起学生的热情。传统教学方法虽然可以系统讲解基本理论知识,但属灌输式教学,不利于发挥学生的主观能动性和培养学生的思维。采用案例教学法,以学生为中心,理论联系实践,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,有组于学生实践能力的培养,提高了法医病理学教学质量,值得推广及应用。     

Hybrid thematic analysis reveals themes for assessing student understanding of biotechnology

Despite efforts to increase teaching of biotechnology worldwide, there are concerns that public literacy of genetic technologies remains insufficient. Improved education strategies are expected to empower individuals to make informed decisions about biotechnology. To evaluate the teaching and learning of this complex topic, qualitative assessment tools are needed. In this case study, we performed a hybrid thematic analysis to identify a set of overarching themes that can be used to evaluate individuals’ understanding of genetic technologies. We analysed the written justifications students gave for their attitudes on a range of genetic technologies, before and after peer-led discussion of each topic. We identified seven themes commonly detected in student responses, five of which have been previously described in studies of mass media communication of biotechnology. Our preliminary analysis suggests that peer-led discourse can promote changes in student understanding of biotechnology. We conclude that hybrid thematic analysis is a useful approach for evaluating the teaching and learning of genetic technologies. We discuss the utility of the hybrid approach and the themes described here for future studies of biotechnology education.     

The inhibition of eucaryotic protein synthesis by procaryotic elongation factor Tu

The activity of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) from $\text{Escherichia}\text{coli}$ in eucaryotic protein synthesis systems was investigated. EF-Tu was found to inhibit polyphenylalanine synthesis when incubated with $\text{Artemia}$ 80S ribosomes, purified rabbit reticulocyte elongation factor Tu (eEF-Tu) and partially purified reticulocyte translocase enzyme, eEF-G. The inhibition could be overcome by supplying the system with additional eEF-Tu. EF-Tu also inhibited protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Data presented in this report indicate that inhibition by EF-Tu results from the accumulation of ternary complexes of the protein factor, GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA which do not interact with the ribosomal A-site of 80S ribosomes under physiological conditions.     

PBL结合CBL教学法在神经病学教学中的应用

目的:探讨"以问题为基础"(problem-based learning,PBL)教学法结合"以病例为基础"(case-based learning,CBL)教学法在神经病学教学中的应用效果。方法:选取第四军医大学临床医学专业5年制学生180人,随机分为观察组(90人)和对照组(90人)。观察组采取PBL结合CBL教学法完成神经病学教学任务,对照组采取传统的授课式教学法完成教学任务,采用调查问卷和理论考试评估教学效果。用SPSS16.0软件进行统计学分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析;计数资料的组间比较采用卡方检验,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:观察组在学习积极性、自学能力、临床思维培养、分析和解决问题能力、语言表达和沟通能力、团队协作能力及学习效率等方面的培养均明显优于对照组;前者的考试成绩(87.2±6.4分)亦明显高于后者(77.4±7.8分),组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PBL结合CBL教学法可激发学生的学习兴趣,提高考试成绩,对提升临床神经病学的教学质量具有积极意义。     

关于辽西孔子鸟层时代的讨论

ＳｗｉｓｈｅｒⅢ等报道的辽西孔子鸟层同位素年龄（１２４．６Ｍａ）的准确性存在可疑处,其取样点地层受后期侵入岩床的烘烤,因此“巴列姆期”的时代结论不可靠;罗清华等的取样点和数据（１４７Ｍａ）较为可信。对义县组动物群与欧洲Ｓｏｌｎｈｏｆｅｎ层动物群的对比讨论,表明两生物群基本同时代（Ｔｉｔｈｏｎｉａｎ期）,并不是“超过２０Ｍａ”的“长寿动物群”。     

基于专业定位的野生动物学教学改革探索

高校课程教学基于专业定位,是建立课程教学体系与提高教学效果的先决条件。高等林业院校对非生物类专业开设的野生动物学课程,需要根据专业培养目标与学生特点确定教学内容、方法与评价体系。在对旅游管理专业开设的野生动物学教学改革中,基于专业培养目标,通过对教学内容调整,开展趣味教学、研究性学习、案例讨论等教学方法的探索,总结了教学经验与教训,提出从学校、学院和教师3个层面共同努力以促进野生动物学教学改革的建议。     

German law on circumcision and its debate: How an ethical and legal issue turned political

The article aims to illuminate the recent debate in Germany about the legitimacy of circumcision for religious reasons. The aim is both to evaluate the new German law allowing religious circumcision, and to outline the resulting conflict between the surrounding ethical and legal issues. We first elucidate the diversity of legal and medical views on religious circumcision in Germany. Next we examine to what extent invasive and irreversible physical interventions on infant boys unable to given their consent should be carried out for non‐medical reasons. To this end, the potential benefits and harms of circumcision for non‐medical reasons are compared. We argue that circumcision does not provide any benefits for the ‘child as a child’ and poses only risks to boys. We then set out to clarify and analyse political (rather than ethical) justifications of the new circumcision law. We demonstrate through this analysis how the circumcision debate in Germany has been transformed from a legal and ethical problem into a political issue, due at least in part to Germany's unique historical context. Although such a particular political sensibility is entirely comprehensible, it raises particular problems when it comes to framing and responding to medical ethical issues – as in the case of religious circumcision.     

案例教学法(CBM)在康复治疗师培训中的应用和评价

目的:探讨案例教学法在康复治疗师培训中的应用。方法:100名康复治疗师志愿者按从业时间分为低、中、高级治疗师,随后将不同资格的志愿者平均分配到传统教学法教学组(对照组)和案例教学法教学组(实验组),以脑性瘫痪的康复为主要内容开展培训。培训结束后,针对学员对基础知识的掌握和病例的分析进行考核。结果:实验组的学员基础知识的平均分高于对照组(P0.05),并且对病例的分析能力也显著高于对照组(P0.01)。调查问卷结果显示,多数实验组学员认为案例教学法能够调动学习积极性,并提高独立思考、分析问题的能力。结论:在康复医学教学中,案例教学法在激发学习兴趣、提高学习效率和学生综合素质方面优于传统的教学方法。