高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血脂、血压和血尿酸水平的相关性分析

目的:探讨高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与血脂、血压以及血尿酸水平的相关性。方法:选择2017年2月至2018年8月在我院就诊的高血压患者117例作为研究组,另选择同期在我院进行体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定所有受试者的颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),并根据研究组患者的颈动脉IMT将其分为斑块组(IMT≥1.3 mm,33例)、IMT增厚组(1.0 mm≤IMT1.3 mm,49例)和IMT正常组(IMT1.0 mm,35例)。比较研究组与对照组受试者IMT,同时分别比较研究组与对照组受试者以及不同IMT高血压患者平均收缩压(SBP)、平均舒张压(DBP)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及尿酸水平,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析高血压患者IMT与各指标的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,研究组IMT、SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸水平升高,HDL-C水平降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。斑块组患者SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸水平高于IMT增厚组和IMT正常组,HDL-C水平低于IMT增厚组和IMT正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);IMT增厚组患者SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸水平高于IMT正常组,HDL-C水平低于IMT正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,高血压患者的IMT与SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、血尿酸均呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:高血压患者IMT与血脂、血压和血尿酸水平均有明显相关性,血压、血脂、血尿酸参与了高血压患者CAS的发生与发展。     

Acute dacryocystitis: another clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis associated with exposure to domestic cats is hyperendemic in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil. A review of the clinical records at our institute revealed fourpatients with clinical signs of dacryocystitis and a positive conjunctival culturefor Sporothrix who were diagnosed with Sporothrixdacryocystitis. Three patients were children (< 13 years of age) and one patientwas an adult. Two patients reported contact with a cat that had sporotrichosis.Dacryocystitis was associated with nodular, ulcerated lesions on the face of onepatient and with granulomatous conjunctivitis in two patients; however, thiscondition manifested as an isolated disease in another patient. All of the patientswere cured of the fungal infections, but three patients had chronic dacryocystitisand one patient developed a cutaneous fistula. Sporotrichosis is usually a benigndisease, but may cause severe complications when the eye and the adnexa are affected.Physicians, especially ophthalmologists in endemic areas, should be aware of theophthalmological manifestations and complications of sporotrichosis.     

血清尿酸水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的:探讨血清尿酸(UA)水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月至2016年1月我院收治的251例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据有无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块分为伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(观察组)176例和无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(对照组)75例,观察组根据颈动脉粥样硬化程度分为斑块形成组(113例)、内中膜增厚组(63例),根据颈动脉斑块稳定程度分为不稳定组(106例)、稳定组(70例),比较各组血清UA水平,根据UA水平不同分为高UA组(134例)和正常UA组(117例),进行颈动脉斑块发生情况比较。结果:观察组的血清UA水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(1)斑块形成组和内中膜增厚组血清UA水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),而斑块形成组和内中膜增厚组血清UA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)不稳定组血清UA水平显著高于对照组和稳定组(P0.05),而稳定组和对照组血清UA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)正常UA组和高UA组颈动脉斑块的发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血清UA水平可以作为表征急性脑梗死患者伴随出现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的生物学指标之一,此外,血清UA的水平在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者和不稳定者表达更高,但血清UA水平与颈动脉斑块形成无明显联系。     

老年高血压患者的动态脉压与冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的：探讨老年高血压患者的动态脉压fPP）与冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：选取2010年5月至2013年6月在我院就诊的老年性高血压病患者328例,168例单纯性老年高血压患者设为高血压组,160例合并有冠心病的老年性高血压患者设为高血压合并冠心病组。根据厚度（IMT）是否增大将高血压组分为IMT增厚组94例和IMT正常组74例。对动态血压及颈动脉IMT进行测定。结果：与高血压组相比,高血压合并冠心病组的24hAPP、dPP、IlPP等指标以及24hASBP、nSBP等指标均显著提高;而24hADBP、dDBP、nDBP等指标则明显下降;高血压合并冠心病组24hAPP≥60mmHg的发生率为57．50％,明显高于高血压组的39．29％;IMT增厚组患者的24hAPP、dPP及nPP水平均明显高于IMT正常组;≥60mmHg组共89例,IMT为1．14±0．23mm,明显高于〈60mmHg组79例的平均厚度0．93±0．12mm（P〈0．05）。结论：老年高血压患者的动态脉压在冠心病并发症及颈动脉粥样硬化预测方面具有显著的优越性。     

颈动脉斑块LRNC特征可诊断2型糖尿病患者急性脑梗死的风险

2型糖尿病可能加重颈动脉斑块的易损性并增加缺血性中风的风险,关于2型糖尿病患者伴有颈动脉斑块特征的急性中风亚型鲜有研究报道。本研究旨在探讨2型糖尿病患者颈动脉斑块特征与MRI确定的急性脑梗死病变特征之间的关系。本研究以颈内动脉区急性脑血管病患者为研究对象,所有患者分为2型糖尿病组和非2型糖尿病组,分别行颈动脉和脑部MRI扫描,测定同侧颈动脉斑块的形态和特征,以及颅内和颅外颈动脉狭窄。基于中风亚型和急性脑梗塞病变模式对患者进行评估。研究结果表明,与非2型糖尿病患者相比,2型糖尿病患者颈动脉型IV-VI病变的患病率更高,斑块负荷更大,以及富脂质坏死核(LRNC)更大。在有症状的颈动脉LRNC患者中,与非2型糖尿病组相比,2型糖尿病组颈内动脉区出现较多的伴有大穿孔动脉梗塞形态和较大的急性脑梗塞。LRNC%>23.5%的颈动脉斑块是2型糖尿病患者存在颈动脉狭窄的急性脑梗塞病变的独立危险因素。颈动脉斑块特征的量化,尤其是MRI诊断的富脂质坏死核对中风风险具有潜在应用价值。     

食管癌患者术前营养风险评估及与术后吻合口瘘和住院时间的关系研究

摘要 目的：评估食管癌患者术前营养风险及其影响因素,并分析其与术后吻合口瘘和住院时间的关系。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月在合肥市第二人民医院胸外科行手术治疗的105例食管癌患者的临床资料,患者术前均完善营养风险筛查表-2002（NRS-2002）对其营养风险的评估,根据评估结果分为营养风险组（≥3分,43例）和无营养风险组（＜3分,62例）,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析食管癌患者术前营养风险的影响因素,比较不同术前营养风险状态患者术后吻合口瘘发生率以及住院时间的差异。结果：食管癌患者的术前营养风险较高,营养风险发生率为40.95%（43/105）。单因素分析结果显示,营养风险组年龄≥65岁、入院体质量指数＜18.5 kg/m²、术前接受过新辅助放化疗、过去1周膳食摄入不足、术前白蛋白＜35 g/L的患者比例高于无营养风险组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前接受过新辅助放化疗、过去1周膳食摄入不足、术前白蛋白＜35 g/L是食管癌患者术前存在营养风险的危险因素（P＜0.05）。营养风险组术后胸腔吻合口瘘、颈部吻合口瘘发生率高于无营养风险组（P＜0.05）,住院时间长于无营养风险组（P＜0.05）。结论：术前新辅助放化疗、过去1周膳食摄入情况、术前白蛋白水平是食管癌患者术前营养风险的影响因素,术前营养风险会增加患者术后吻合口瘘发生风险,延长患者住院时间。     

A Novel Murine Model of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure: The Surgical Procedure in Detail

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) still suffers from a high number of failures caused by insufficient remodeling and intimal hyperplasia from which the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. In order to unravel the pathophysiology a murine model of AVF-failure was developed in which the configuration of the anastomosis resembles the preferred situation in the clinical setting. A model was described in which an AVF is created by connecting the venous end of the branch of the external jugular vein to the side of the common carotid artery using interrupted sutures. At a histological level, we observed progressive stenotic intimal lesions in the venous outflow tract that is also seen in failed human AVFs. Although this procedure can be technically challenging due to the small dimensions of the animal, we were able to achieve a surgical success rate of 97% after sufficient training. The key advantage of a murine model is the availability of transgenic animals. In view of the different proposed mechanisms that are responsible for AVF failure, disabling genes that might play a role in vascular remodeling can help us to unravel the complex pathophysiology of AVF failure.     

Ontogeny of the carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken

Summary Developmental patterns of immunoreactivity for serotonin and neuropeptide Y were investigated immunohistochemically in the carotid body and glomus cells in the wall of the common carotid artery and around its branches of chickens at various developmental ages. The development of peptidergic nerve fibers was also studied. Serotonin immunoreactivity began to appear in the glomus cells of the carotid body and around arteries at 10 days of incubation and became very intense from 12 days onwards. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity also appeared in these cells at 10 days, became intense at 14 days, and was sustained until 20 days. After hatching, neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the carotid body rapidly decreased with age and almost cisappeared at posnatal day 10. However, it persisted for life in the glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive fibers first penetrated into the carotid body parenchyma at 12 days of incubation. These peptidergic nerve fibers in the carotid body and glomus cell groups in and around arteries gradually increased with age, and approached the adult state at 18 days of incubation. Only a few galanin-and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the late embryonic carotid bodies. They rapidly developed after hatching and reached adult numbers at postnatal day 10. During late embryonic and neonatal development, considerable numbers of met-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers were detected in the connective tissue encircling the carotid body.     

Fine structure of baroreceptor terminals in the carotid sinus of guinea pigs and mice

Summary A light and electron microscopic study was undertaken on the baroreceptor axon terminals in the carotid sinus of guinea pigs and mice, using serial semithin and thin sections.Together with their enveloping Schwann cells, numerous lanceolate axon terminals are organized into a well-defined discoid end organ, referred to as the baroreceptor unit. Baroreceptor units measure 100 to 150 m in diameter and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. These end organs represent free branched lanceolate mechanoreceptors of complex type (Andres and von Düring, 1973) which belong to the main group of stretch receptors.In the guinea pig the lanceolate terminals enter the media and approach the innermost layers near the intima. In the mouse the terminals are seen to spread in the adventitia and along the medio-adventitial border. Only a few of them penetrate the external elastic layer. Species differences concerning the localization and extent of these visceral mechanoreceptors are discussed, as well as the modified architecture of the sinus wall in the receptor area (elastic segment).Lanceolate terminals form beaded varicosities which are equipped with finger-like or lamellar axoplasmic protrusions. These projections contain a well-differentiated receptor matrix. They are attached to collagen and elastic fibers. The varicosities include densely packed mitochondria, neurotubules, profiles of axoplasmic reticulum, clear and granular vesicles, and striking accumulations of glycogen particles, lamellated bodies and lysosomes. Four types of varicosities are discerned according to their main axoplasmic components. Various types of these varicosities occur within an individual lanceolate terminal.The adrenergic innervation of the carotid sinus was studied by fluorescence histochemistry. In guinea pigs a multilayered wide-meshed plexus of fluorescent fibers occurs in the adventitia where it is closely related to baroreceptor stem fibers. However, adrenergic axons do not enter the media. In mice fluorescent fibers are extremely rare in the adventitia of the carotid sinus.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Drs.h.c. W. Bargmann on the occasion of his 70th birthdaySupported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Nr. Bo/525-1. These results were presented in part at the 17. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Elektronenmikroskopie, Berlin, Sept. 21.–26., 1975     

Flow field and oscillatory shear stress in a tuning-fork-shaped model of the average human carotid bifurcation

The oscillatory shear index (OSI) was developed based on the hypothesis that intimal hyperplasia was correlated with oscillatory shear stresses. However, the validity of the OSI was in question since the correlation between intimal thickness and the OSI at the side walls of the sinus in the Y-shaped model of the average human carotid bifurcation (Y-AHCB) was weak. The objectives of this paper are to examine whether the reason for the weak correlation lies in the deviation in geometry of Y-AHCB from real human carotid bifurcation, and whether this correlation is clearly improved in the tuning-fork-shaped model of the average human carotid bifurcation (TF-AHCB). The geometry of the TF-AHCB model was based on observation and statistical analysis of specimens from 74 cadavers. The flow fields in both models were studied and compared by using flow visualization methods under steady flow conditions and by using laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) under pulsatile flow conditions. The TF-shaped geometry leads to a more complex flow field than the Y-shaped geometry. This added complexity includes strengthened helical movements in the sinus, new flow separation zone, and directional changes in the secondary flow patterns. The results show that the OSI-values at the side walls of the sinus in the TF-shaped model were more than two times as large as those in the Y-shaped model. This study confirmed the stronger correlation between the OSI and intimal thickness in the tuning-fork geometry of human carotid bifurcation, and the TF-AHCB model is a significant improvement over the traditional Y-shaped model.