替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后的心功能和炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗后的心功能和炎症反应的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年1月期间我院收治的行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者300例为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为替格瑞洛组(n=150)和氯吡格雷组(n=150),其中替格瑞洛组给予阿司匹林、替格瑞洛治疗,氯吡格雷组给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)及白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性CD40配体(s CD40L)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,随访3个月,观察两组患者随访期间心血管不良事件的发生情况。结果:两组患者治疗后LVEF较治疗前升高,且替格瑞洛组高于氯吡格雷组,LVEDd较治疗前降低,且替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后IL-6、CRP、s CD40L、TNF-α均较治疗前升高,但替格瑞洛组低于氯吡格雷组(P0.05)。替格瑞洛组随访期间心血管不良事件总发生率为10.00%(15/150),显著低于氯吡格雷组患者的31.33%(47/150),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于氯吡格雷而言,替格瑞洛治疗行介入治疗的急性心肌梗死患者效果满意,可显著改善心功能,降低炎症因子水平及心血管不良事件发生率。     

Immunomodulation of carcinogens-induced steroids-dependent human diseases

The experimental and clinical data about antibodies against environmental chemical carcinogens and endogenous steroids are represented. The conception of immunomodulation of carcinogens- and steroids-dependent human diseases is proposed. It is postulated that antibodies to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines in cooperation with antibodies to cholesterol, sex hormones, mineralo- and glucocorticoids stimulate or inhibit cancer, malformation, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases depending on their personal combination. It is recommended to use immunoassay of these antibodies for the human diseases prediction. The alternative approaches for prevention using the probiotics transformed by anti-carcinogen antibodies are substantiated.     

Effects of the cardiomyopathy-causing E244D mutation of troponin T on the structures of cardiac thin filaments studied by small-angle X-ray scattering

Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were carried out to investigate the structural changes of cardiac thin filaments induced by the cardiomyopathy-causing E244D mutation in troponin T (TnT). We examined native thin filaments (NTF) from a bovine heart, reconstituted thin filaments containing human cardiac wild-type Tn (WTF), and filaments containing the E244D mutant of Tn (DTF), in the absence and presence of Ca²⁺. Analysis by model calculation showed that upon Ca²⁺-activation, tropomyosin (Tm) and Tn in the WTF and NTF moved together in a direction to expose myosin-binding sites on actin. On the other hand, Tm and Tn of the DTF moved in the opposite directions to each other upon Ca²⁺-activation. These movements caused Tm to expose more myosin-binding sites on actin than the WTF, suggesting that the affinity of myosin for actin is higher for the DTF. Thus, the mutation-induced structural changes in thin filaments would increase the number of myosin molecules bound to actin compared with the WTF, resulting in the force enhancement observed for the E244D mutation.     

Cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemakers versus defibrillators in older non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients

Introduction

With the recent publication of the negative DANISH trial, the mortality benefit of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been put in question in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Because a majority of patients in DANISH receive cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, we investigated in the present study the survival of recipients of CRT pacemakers (CRT-P) versus CRT ICDs (CRT-D) in a cohort of older (≥75 years) NICM patients at our institution.

Meltrin beta expressed in cardiac neural crest cells is required for ventricular septum formation of the heart

The heart is divided into four chambers by membranous septa and valves. Although evidence suggests that formation of the membranous septa requires migration of neural crest cells into the developing heart, the functional significance of these neural crest cells in the development of the endocardial cushion, an embryonic tissue that gives rise to the membranous appendages, is largely unknown. Mice defective in the protease region of Meltrin beta/ADAM19 show ventricular septal defects and defects in valve formation. In this study, by expressing Meltrin beta in either endothelial or neural crest cell lineages, we showed that Meltrin beta expressed in neural crest cells but not in endothelial cells was required for formation of the ventricular septum and valves. Although Meltrin beta-deficient neural crest cells migrated into the heart normally, they could not properly fuse the right and left ridges of the cushion tissues in the proximal outflow tract (OT), and this led to defects in the assembly of the OT and AV cushions forming the ventricular septum. These results genetically demonstrated a critical role of cardiac neural crest cells expressing Meltrin beta in triggering fusion of the proximal OT cushions and in formation of the ventricular septum.     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮在快速性心律失常患者院前急救效果中的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比胺碘酮与普罗帕酮在快速性心律失常患者院前急救中的临床效果。方法：将石家庄市急救中心 2019年 4月~2021年 2月期间院前急救时现场治疗的快速性心律失常患者（n=108）按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=54）和观察组（n=54）。对照组接受普罗帕酮治疗,观察组接受胺碘酮治疗,比较两组心功能、血压、心率（HR）、炎症因子指标、心肌损伤指标及不良反应发生率。结果：治疗结束后,观察组左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心输血量（CO）、二尖瓣舒张早期 /晚期峰值流速（E/A）均高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、HR均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组肿瘤坏死因子 -α（TNF-α）和白介素 -6（IL-6）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗结束后,观察组心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）、脑钠肽（BNP）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：在快速性心律失常患者院前急救中,相比于普罗帕酮,胺碘酮可有效改善患者心功能,减少心肌损伤,恢复血压并改善 HR,减轻炎症反应。     

心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC在慢性心力衰竭患者预后评估中的临床价值分析

摘要 目的：分析心脏彩超检查联合血清B型钠尿肽（BNP）、白蛋白（ALB）、胱抑素C（CysC）在慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者预后评估中的临床价值。方法：选取2017年6月-2018年5月我院收治的123例CHF患者,心脏彩超检查左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心房内径（LAD）和左心室内径（LVD）,实验室检测血清BNP、ALB、CysC水平。按照3年随访后患者是否死亡分为死亡组35例和存活组88例,收集临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析CHF患者预后的影响因素。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析心脏彩超检查联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC对CHF患者预后的评估价值。结果：死亡组患者的LAD、LVD及血清BNP、CysC水平高于存活组患者,而LVEF及血清ALB水平低于存活组患者（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD及血清BNP、ALB、CysC是CHF患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD联合血清BNP、ALB、CysC检测对CHF患者预后评估的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）为0.857（0.771～0.938）,灵敏度及特异度分别为0.914（32/35）、0.795（70/88）,均明显高于上述各指标单独检测。结论：心脏彩超指标LVEF、LAD、LVD和血清BNP、ALB、CysC均为CHF患者预后的影响因素,且联合检测对患者预后的评估价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Isolation and reconstruction of cardiac mitochondria from SBEM images using a deep learning-based method

Mitochondrial morphological defects are a common feature of diseased cardiac myocytes. However, quantitative assessment of mitochondrial morphology is limited by the time-consuming manual segmentation of electron micrograph (EM) images. To advance understanding of the relation between morphological defects and dysfunction, an efficient morphological reconstruction method is desired to enable isolation and reconstruction of mitochondria from EM images. We propose a new method for isolating and reconstructing single mitochondria from serial block-face scanning EM (SBEM) images. CDeep3M, a cloud-based deep learning network for EM images, was used to segment mitochondrial interior volumes and boundaries. Post-processing was performed using both the predicted interior volume and exterior boundary to isolate and reconstruct individual mitochondria. Series of SBEM images from two separate cardiac myocytes were processed. The highest F1-score was 95% using 50 training datasets, greater than that for previously reported automated methods and comparable to manual segmentations. Accuracy of separation of individual mitochondria was 80% on a pixel basis. A total of 2315 mitochondria in the two series of SBEM images were evaluated with a mean volume of 0.78 µm³. The volume distribution was very broad and skewed; the most frequent mitochondria were 0.04–0.06 µm³, but mitochondria larger than 2.0 µm³ accounted for more than 10% of the total number. The average short-axis length was 0.47 µm. Primarily longitudinal mitochondria (0–30 degrees) were dominant (54%). This new automated segmentation and separation method can help quantitate mitochondrial morphology and improve understanding of myocyte structure–function relationships.