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951.
Intensive vegetable production areas were surveyed in the provinces of Almería (35 sites) and Barcelona (22 sites), Spain, to determine the incidence and identity of Meloidogyne spp. and of fungal parasites of nematode eggs. Two species of Meloidogyne were found in Almería—M. javanica (63% of the samples) and M. incognita (31%). Three species were found in Barcelona, including M. incognita (50%), M. javanica (36%), and M. arenaria (14%). Solanaceous crops supported larger (P < 0.05) nematode numbers than cucurbit crops in Almería but not in Barcelona. Fungal parasites were found in 37% and 45% of the sites in Almería and Barcelona, respectively, but percent parasitism was never greater than 5%. Nine fungal species were isolated from single eggs of the nematode. The fungi included Verticillium chlamydosporium, V. catenulatum, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Fusarium spp., Acremonium strictum, Gliocladium roseum, Cylindrocarpon spp., Engiodontium album, and Dactylella oviparasitica. Two sterile fungi and five unidentified fungi also were isolated from Meloidogyne spp. eggs. 相似文献
952.
Resistance of pepper species (Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. chacoense, and C. frutescens), cultivars and accessions to the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita race 2 and M. javanica, and their graft compatibility with commercial pepper varieties as rootstocks were evaluated in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. Most of the plants tested were highly resistant to M. javanica but susceptible to M. incognita. Capsicum annuum AR-96023 and C. frutescens accessions as rootstocks showed moderate and relatively high resistance to M. incognita, respectively. In M. incognita-infested soil in a greenhouse, AR-96023 supported approximately 6-fold less nematode eggs per gram root and produced about 2-fold greater yield compared to a nongrafted commercial variety. The commercial variety grafted on AR-96023 produced a yield as great as the non-grafted variety in the root-knot nematode-free greenhouse. Some resistant varieties and accessions used as rootstocks produced lower yields (P < 0.01) than that of the non-grafted variety in the noninfested greenhouse. Use of rootstocks with nematode-resistance and graft compatibility may be effective for control of root-knot nematodes on susceptible pepper. 相似文献
953.
Effectiveness of a hot water drench for the control of Aphelenchoides fragariae infesting hosta (Hosta sp.) and ferns (Matteuccia pensylvanica) was studied. Drenching with hot water at 70 °C and 90 °C in October reduced (P < 0.05) A. fragariae in the soil but not in the leaves relative to the control (25 °C) 300 days after treatment (DAT). Plants drenched with 90 °C water had lower numbers of nematode-infected leaves per plant than those treated with 25 °C and 70 °C water (P < 0.05). Hot water treatments had no adverse effect on the growth parameters of hosta. Boiling water (100 °C) applied once a month for 3 consecutive months (April, May, June) consistently reduced the number of infected leaves and the severity of infection relative to the control 150 DAT in hosta but not in ferns (P < 0.05). Boiling water (100 °C) caused a 67% reduction in A. fragariae population in hosta leaves, 50% in fern fronds, and 61% to 98% in the soil over the control 150 DAT. A boiling water drench had no effect on the fern growth but caused 49% and 22% reduction in the number and size of hosta leaves, respectively, over the control in 2002. We conclude that 90 °C water soil drench in the autumn or early spring could prove effective in managing foliar nematodes on hosta in nurseries and landscapes. 相似文献
954.
This paper is part of a wider study in which different combinations of species were assayed for the revegetation of experimentally
burnt heathlands. In this particular case, we determined whether there was any interaction between the dominant species, Erica australis, which recovered by vegetative resprouting, and the only successful woody species sown, Cytisus sp., eight years after fire and seven years after sowing. A detailed study was carried out on each square metre of cover
and height of both species in three 160 m2 plots. Total cover exceeded 100% in all subplots sown with Cytisus, whereas it did not reach 65% in the others, when both species coexist together. There was an inverse correlation between
the covers of both species and a positive correlation between the height of Erica australis and the cover and the height of Cytisus. There was no significant difference in Erica cover in plots sown with Cytisus and plots not sown. There could be some competition for light, but both species are capable of coexisting with high canopy
overlap, for at least some time. Cytisus is expanding from the seeded subplots, suggesting that the dense cover of Erica australis does not impede the establishment of Cytisus.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
955.
Abstract. We studied tree regeneration, a key process for the existence of urban woodlands. We hypothesized that, besides the usual biological factors, anthropogenic ones (fragmentation, wear, pollution etc.) determine the regeneration success of tree species in urban woodlands. To test this hypothesis, within an observational setting, we collected data from 30 urban woodlands in the cities of Helsinki and Vantaa, Finland. We defined the number of living saplings (30–200 cm in height) as an indicator of regeneration success and used regression analysis to test different factors as independent variables. The results showed that different tree species responded differently to urban pressure. The regeneration of Picea abies decreased with increasing fragmentation of the forest landscape, whereas for the other most common (deciduous) species, regeneration increased. Wear, measured as total path area per study site, had a negative effect on regeneration success. An a posteriori examination of the data suggested that coarse woody debris might promote regeneration. We conclude that, although tree regeneration in general is not threatened in urban woodlands in the area we studied, the species composition may gradually change. We discuss some management implications for counteracting the urban pressures on tree regeneration. 相似文献
956.
Based on molecular and morphological studies, Leveillula guilanensis sp. nov. on Chondrilla juncea, L. lactucae-serriolae sp. nov. on Lactuca serriola, and L. mindii sp. nov. on Mindium laevigatum are described from Iran.
Received: May 7, 2002 / Accepted: September 5, 2002
Correspondence to:S. Takamatsu 相似文献
957.
Pauline Kamermans Erik-Jan Malta Jacobus M. Verschuure Lonneke Schrijvers L. Franca Lentz Angela Tjin A. Lien 《Aquatic Ecology》2002,36(3):425-433
Eutrophication of shallow coastal waters often leads to blooms of macroalgae. Grazing by crustaceans, such as amphipods and isopods, can reduce macroalgal biomass accumulation. At the same time, growth of the macroalgae can be stimulated by epiphyte removal. The role of grazing by isopods and amphipods on Ulva spp. biomass development was investigated in the Veerse Meer, a brackish lagoon situated in the southwest Netherlands. Exclusion of grazing in the field did not stimulate Ulva spp. growth. In fact, growth rates were higher in exclosures that allowed grazers to enter. Edibility tests identified the amphipod Gammarus locusta, and the isopods Idotea chelipes and Sphaeroma hookeri as potential grazers on Ulva spp. However, when epiphytic diatoms were present on the Ulva spp. thalli, Gammarus and Sphaeroma grazed on ephiphytes and not on Ulva tissue. Only Idotea continued to graze on Ulva spp. A laboratory growth experiment revealed a positive effect of Gammarus presence on Ulva spp. growth, probably caused by preferential removal of epiphytic diatoms from the Ulva spp. thalli. The growth stimulation by epiphyte removing grazers such as Gammarus may explain the higher growth rates in the presence of grazers observed in the field. When determining the potential role of invertebrate grazers in controlling macroalgal biomass accumulation, it is important to include an assessment of the epiphyte abundance on the macroalgae, as preferential removal of epiphytes may stimulate growth and thus have the opposite effect. 相似文献
958.
959.
从中国红豆杉细胞培养物中分离鉴定紫杉醇 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国红豆杉(Taxus chinensis(Pilger.)Rehd)细胞在培养过程中合成了紫杉醇,我们利用固液分离、大孔吸附树脂吸附富集、有机溶剂萃取、硅胶柱层析、低压硅胶柱层析、重结晶等方法,从中国红豆杉的细胞培养物中分离纯化了紫杉醇,用多种核磁共振波谱方法(^1H NMR,^13C NMR,DEPT,^1H-^1H-COSY,NOESY,HMQC,HMBC)结合质谱(FABMS),红外光谱、紫外光谱等方法鉴定了它的化学结构,证明与源于天然红豆杉植物材料提取的紫杉醇为同一物质。 相似文献
960.
广州地区不动杆菌耐药调查 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
目的:了解广州地区不动杆菌属的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法:对广州地区12家医院1998年至2001年从临床分离的436株不动杆菌属,严格按照NCCLS规定的标准用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果:对12种抗生素的耐药监测发现,不动杆菌属对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、替卡西林/克拉维酸和哌拉西林/三唑巴坦耐药率分别为2.8%、5.6%、14.6%、14.6%和27.0%,对其他抗生素耐药率较高。结论:本地区不动杆菌耐药现象较普遍,应引起临床高度重视。 相似文献