中间锦鸡儿的生长及生态化学计量学特征与基质稳定性关系初探

选取半流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和丘间低地3种生境条件下的中间锦鸡儿为对象,研究了灌丛群落学特征、叶片化学计量学特征及其与土壤基质条件的关系。结果表明：(1)中间锦鸡儿灌丛在3种生境下的基质特征差异明显,半流动沙丘土壤相对贫瘠、土质疏松,半固定沙丘和丘间低地土壤紧实度较大;(2)灌丛当年枝长度、枝干重、叶干重以及叶干物质含量均与土壤紧实度呈显著负相关关系,而叶片N∶P及C∶P与土壤紧实度均呈显著正相关,但叶片C∶N与土壤紧实度的相关性并不显著;(3)中间锦鸡儿灌丛的灌幅、密度和盖度在不同沙丘生境间差异显著,这可能是由于土壤紧实度的差异引起的。土壤紧实度对中间锦鸡儿生长状况的影响不仅表现在地上生物量和当年枝生长量上,而且也表现在叶片C:N:P化学计量学特征以及叶片对营养物质的保持效率上。     

青甘锦鸡儿和沧江锦鸡儿(豆科)的分类学订正

根据对乐都锦鸡儿Caragana leduensis Y.Z．Zhao,Y.H．Wu＆L．Q．Zhao和玉树锦鸡儿CtanguticaMaxim．ex Kom．var．yushuensis Y.H．Wu模式标本的观察及对国内标本馆大量标本的研究,将它们分别处理为青甘锦鸡儿C.tangutica Maxim．ex Kom．和沧江锦鸡儿C.kozlowi Kom．的新异名,并对二者的地理分布范围进行了讨论。     

宁夏云雾山典型草原灌丛化过程中植被和土壤演变特征

bHLH转录因子在植物类黄酮代谢过程中具有重要调控作用。该研究采用PCR方法,从‘碧香早’茶树中获得了与儿茶素含量高度负相关的CsbHLH71基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析、亚细胞定位及转录活性分析,为探究CsbHLH71基因在调控茶树儿茶素生物合成的分子机制奠定基础。结果表明：(1)通过RNA-seq测序筛选成功获得一个茶树CsbHLH71基因,该基因CDS序列全长912 bp,编码303个氨基酸;氨基酸序列第101-160位含有一个碱性螺旋-环-螺旋保守结构域,属于bHLH家族转录因子;序列对比和系统进化树结果显示,其与杜鹃花、河滨葡萄等物种的bHLH氨基酸序列有较高的相似性。(2)qRT-PCR结果显示,不同浓度微生物肥处理下茶树CsbHLH71基因的表达水平显著上调,且在1000倍处理下效果最显著,说明高浓度的微生物肥能促进茶树CsbHLH71基因的表达。(3)亚细胞定位分析表明CsbHLH71蛋白定位在细胞核。(4)转录活性分析发现,茶树CsbHLH71蛋白在酵母和烟草中均具有转录抑制活性,为转录抑制子,证实了CsbHLH71蛋白具有转录抑制剂的功能。研究推测, CsbHLH71蛋白可能负调控茶树中儿茶素积累。     

Novel Cell Line Selectively Expressing Neuropeptide Y‐Y2 Receptors

Abstract

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) recognition by the human neuroblastoma cell lines SiMa, Kelly, SH‐SY5Y, CHP‐234, and MHH‐NB‐11 was analyzed in radioactive binding assays using tritiated NPY. For the cell lines CHP‐234 and MHH‐NB‐11 binding of [³H]propionyl‐NPY was observed with K_d‐values of 0.64 ± 0.07 nM and 0.53 ± 0.12 nM, respectively, determined by saturation analysis with non‐linear regression. The receptor subtype was determined by competition analysis using the subtype selective NPY analogues [Leu³¹, Pro³⁴]‐NPY (NPY‐Y₁, NPY‐Y₅), [Ahx^5‐24]‐NPY (NPY‐Y₂), [Ala³¹, Aib³²]‐NPY (NPY‐Y₅), NPY [3‐36] (NPY‐Y₂, NPY‐Y₅), and NPY [13‐36] (NPY‐Y₂). Both cell lines, CHP‐234 and MHH‐NB‐11, the latter one being characterized for NPY receptors for the first time, showed exclusive expression of NPY‐Y₂ receptors. In both cell lines binding of NPY induced signal transduction, which was monitored as reduction of forskolin‐induced cAMP production in an ELISA.     

Iron chelator Deferoxamine protects human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y from 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis and autophagy dysfunction

BackgroundIntracellular iron involves in Fenton’s reaction-mediated Hydroxyl radical (OH·) generation by reacting with the neurotoxic agent 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) autoxidation derivative Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂). Several studies have been conducted so far on the neuroprotective activities of the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) but little or no clear evidence about the underlying cellular mechanism is available.MethodsThe present study was conducted on Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y in the absence or presence of 6-OHDA or H₂O₂ and / or DFO. Following incubation, cell viability assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) determination, flow cytometric quantification of apoptotic cells followed by nuclear staining, intracellular tracking of transfected fusion construct of microtubule-associated protein 1B-light chain with Green fluorescent protein - Red fluorescent protein (LC3B-GFP-RFP reporters) and immunocytochemistry of intracellular Cathepsin protein by confocal microscopy, were conducted. In addition, western blotting was carried out to detect expressions of apoptotic and autophagy related proteins.ResultsThis study confirmed the neuroprotective potential of DFO by inhibiting 6-OHDA-mediated cell death and ROS generation. Reduced percentage of apoptotic cells and appearance of altered nuclei architecture followed by a reduced expression of cleaved PARP (Poly-ADP-ribose Polymerase) and cleaved Caspase-3 were observed upon DFO treatment against 6-OHDA, and as well as against H₂O₂ in SH-SY5Y cell lines. Besides, DFO induced the intracellular autophagolysosome formation (red puncta) rather than autophagosome (yellow puncta) only. Thereafter it was observed that DFO restored the expression of intracellular lysosomal protease Cathepsin and reduced the expression of the LC3-II.ConclusionTaken together, this study clearly demonstrated that the anti-Fenton activity of DFO inhibited apoptosis and caused blockade in ALP or autophagy dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cell lines. These outcomes further suggest that DFO provides neuroprotection by inhibiting apoptosis and inducing the progression of Autophagy- lysosomal pathway (ALP).     

Purinergic receptors and gastrointestinal secretomotor function

Secretomotor reflexes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important in the lubrication and movement of digested products, absorption of nutrients, or the diarrhea that occurs in diseases to flush out unwanted microbes. Mechanical or chemical stimulation of mucosal sensory enterochromaffin (EC) cells triggers release of serotonin (5-HT) (among other mediators) and initiates local reflexes by activating intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the submucous plexus. Signals are conveyed to interneurons or secretomotor neurons to stimulate chloride and fluid secretion. Inputs from myenteric neurons modulate secretory rates and reflexes, and special neural circuits exist to coordinate secretion with motility. Cellular components of secretomotor reflexes variably express purinergic receptors for adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, or A3 receptors) or the nucleotides adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), or uridine diphosphate (UDP) (P2X(1-7), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2Y(6), P2Y(12) receptors). This review focuses on the emerging concepts in our understanding of purinergic regulation at these receptors, and in particular of mechanosensory reflexes. Purinergic inhibitory (A(1), A(3), P2Y(12)) or excitatory (A(2), P2Y(1)) receptors modulate mechanosensitive 5-HT release. Excitatory (P2Y(1), other P2Y, P2X) or inhibitory (A(1), A(3)) receptors are involved in mechanically evoked secretory reflexes or "neurogenic diarrhea." Distinct neural (pre- or postsynaptic) and non-neural distribution profiles of P2X(2), P2X(3), P2X(5), P2Y(1), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2Y(6), or P2Y(12) receptors, and for some their effects on neurotransmission, suggests their role in GI secretomotor function. Luminal A(2b), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), and P2Y(6) receptors are involved in fluid and Cl(-), HCO(3) (-), K(+), or mucin secretion. Abnormal receptor expression in GI diseases may be of clinical relevance. Adenosine A(2a) or A(3) receptors are emerging as therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and gastroprotection; they can also prevent purinergic receptor abnormalities and diarrhea. Purines are emerging as fundamental regulators of enteric secretomotor reflexes in health and disease.     

Ontogeny of the carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery and its branches in the chicken

Summary Developmental patterns of immunoreactivity for serotonin and neuropeptide Y were investigated immunohistochemically in the carotid body and glomus cells in the wall of the common carotid artery and around its branches of chickens at various developmental ages. The development of peptidergic nerve fibers was also studied. Serotonin immunoreactivity began to appear in the glomus cells of the carotid body and around arteries at 10 days of incubation and became very intense from 12 days onwards. Neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity also appeared in these cells at 10 days, became intense at 14 days, and was sustained until 20 days. After hatching, neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the carotid body rapidly decreased with age and almost cisappeared at posnatal day 10. However, it persisted for life in the glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive fibers first penetrated into the carotid body parenchyma at 12 days of incubation. These peptidergic nerve fibers in the carotid body and glomus cell groups in and around arteries gradually increased with age, and approached the adult state at 18 days of incubation. Only a few galanin-and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the late embryonic carotid bodies. They rapidly developed after hatching and reached adult numbers at postnatal day 10. During late embryonic and neonatal development, considerable numbers of met-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers were detected in the connective tissue encircling the carotid body.     

在共培养体系中单克隆抗体AH6对小鼠胚泡着床的影响

以单克隆抗体ＡＨ６「特异结合Ｌｅ＾Ｙ寡糖,Ｆｕｃａ１－２Ｇａｌβ１－４（Ｆ痉－３）ＧｌｃＮＡｃ－」以及其它３种与Ｌｅ＾Ｙ寡糖结构近似的寡糖特异结构的单克隆抗体ａＬｅ＾ａ、ａＬｅ＾ｂ和ＦＥ－Ａ５为工具,采用小鼠体外着床模型。研究细胞表面Ｌｅ＾Ｙ寡糖抗原与着床的关系及其在着床过程中具体作用环节。     

Fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome indicate clear divergence between Equus przewalskii and Equus caballus

The phylogenetic relationship between Equus przewalskii and E. caballus is often a matter of debate. Although these taxa have different chromosome numbers, they do not form monophyletic clades in a phylogenetic tree based on mtDNA sequences. Here we report sequence variation from five newly identified Y chromosome regions of the horse. Two fixed nucleotide differences on the Y chromosome clearly display Przewalski's horse and domestic horse as sister taxa. At both positions the Przewalski's horse haplotype shows the ancestral state, in common with the members of the zebra/ass lineage. We discuss the factors that may have led to the differences in mtDNA and Y-chromosomal observations.     

CMV抑制PVYN CP基因沉默及其介导的抗病性

以前曾报道用RNA介导的抗病毒策略,获得了高度抗病的表达马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系外壳蛋白基因(PVY^N CP)的转基因烟草,并对T1、T2代转基因植株进行了遗传和抗病性分析。此次以T,代转基因植株为试验材料,在筛选高度抗病植株并证明其抗病性是基于转基因沉默的基础上,采用Northern杂交的方法,证明CMV侵染抑制了转基因植株中PVY^N CP基因的沉默,而且CMV对PVY^N CP基因沉默的抑制部位是发生在接种后的新生叶上,接种叶及其下部叶片中PVY^N CP基因沉默则未受到影响。采用ELISA方法对CMV PVY^N复合接种的转基因植株进行PVY^N检测,结果表明,接种叶及下部叶没有检测到PVY^N,植株叶片对PVY^N表现为抗病。而在CMV接种后植株新生叶中则检测出了高滴度的PVY^N,植株叶片对PVY^N表现为感病。该文报道了在表达PVY^N CP基因的RNA介导抗性转基因植株中,异源病毒侵染抑制了转基因的沉默,并导致转基因植株的抗病性丧失。