植物人工种子研究进展

在我国高技术的发展规划中,生物技术是被重视的首领技术之一。植物人工种子正是在创建中的生物技术,由于其具有重大的实践意义和经济价值,目前美国、日本、法国等都相继地开展了此方面的广泛研究,并在胡萝卜、芹菜、苜蓿、花椰菜、西红柿等植物中获得成功。我国从事此方面研究很少,从1985年开始中科院植物所探索了西洋参、玉米、芹菜等植物人工种子的研究,取得可喜成绩。本文阐述植物人工种子发展历程,人工种子的概念,使用的可行性,优越性及对人工种子技术发展中现存的问题,前景给以了乐观的估计。     

Heterotylenchus antumnalis. Hemocytic reactions and capsule formation in the host, Musca domestica

Failure of the nematode H. autumnalis to develop in M. domestica is attributed to the defense reaction of host larvae to the infective, gamogenetic stage of the parasite. The defense reaction involves melanization and encapsulation of the parasite, and is manifested as changes in the hemocyte picture of the host.     

Cloning of a novel crystal protein gene cry 1K from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni

Abstract In Escherichia coli with group II capsules, the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide and its cellular expression are encoded by the kps gene cluster, which is composed of three regions. The central region 2 encodes proteins involved in polysaccharide synthesis, and the flanking regions 1 and 3 direct the translocation of the finished polysaccharide across the cytoplasmic membrane and its surface expression. The kps genes of E. coli with the group II capsular K5 polysaccharide, have been cloned and sequenced. Region 1 contains the kps E, D, U, C and S genes. In this communication we describe the overexpression of the kps D and kps U genes as well as the isolation of the KpsU protein from the recombinant bacteria by chloroform treatment. The purified KpsU protein exhibited CMP-Kdo-synthetase activity. The N-terminal sequence and two internal peptide sequences of the isolated protein are in agreement with that previously predicted from the DNA sequence of the kps U gene. The kinetic data of the CMP-Kdo-synthetase participating in K5 capsule expression (K-CMP-Kdo-synthetase) differ from those described for the CMP-Kdo-synthetase, participating in lipopolysaccharide synthesis (L-CMP-Kdo-synthetase).     

Dissection of the Yersinia enterocolitica virulence plasmid pYVO8 into an operating unit and virulence gene modules

Abstract Mesophilic Aeromonas hydrophila from serotypes O:11 and O:34 grown in a glucose-rich medium produce a capsule that can be seen under light and electron microscopy. The purified capsular polysaccharide has a composition qualitatively similar for strains O:11 and O:34, but quantitatively different. The capsular polysaccharides were immunogenic in rabbits, and did not cross-react with specific antibodies against either purified lipopolysaccharide from strains O:34 or O:11 or against the S-layer characteristic of strains from serotype O:11.     

Monoclonal antibodies against O and K antigens of uropathogenic Escherichia coli O4 : K12 : H− as opsonins

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies of subclasses IgG1 and IgG2b and specific for the O4 antigen of Escherichia coli 20025 (O4 : K12 : H⁻) and the capsular K12 polysaccharide of the same strain (IgM) were obtained with the hybridoma technique using spleen cells from Balb/c mice, immunized with a crude bacterial extract, and Sp2/O-Ag8 myeloma cells. The anti-O4 antibodies reacted exclusively with the O4 lipopolysaccharide and not with those from serologically O-cross reactive E. coli . The anti-K12 antibodies recognized as epitope (part of) the KDO moiety of the capsular K12 polysaccharide. Not only anti-K12, but also anti-O4 antibodies effectively phagoopsonized encapsulated E. coli 20025. The opsonized bacteria were killed in subsequent in vitro phagocytosis by human leokocytes in the presence of human serum complement.     

海珠益肝胶囊对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

目的：观察海珠益肝胶囊对卡介苗（BCG）加脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的防护作用。方法：采用卡介苗（BCG）加脂多糖（LPS）诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤,通过检测小鼠的血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性及肝脏病理变化来研究海珠益肝胶囊的保肝功能。结果：海珠益肝胶囊防治组小鼠血清ALT及AST活性比模型组显著降低,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。海珠益肝胶囊可明显减轻肝组织病理损伤,以大剂量组作用最佳;海珠益肝胶囊的使用使免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞凋亡减少,且有剂量依赖关系。结论：海珠益肝胶囊对BCG加LPS诱导小鼠产生免疫性肝炎的模型免疫性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

4株具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌的分离与鉴定

取临床标本（性病门诊病人阴道分泌物）直接涂片染色镜检及用沙保氏琼脂平板分离培养、作涂片革兰染色镜检、出芽试验、厚膜孢子形成试验、糖发酵试验等鉴定菌种;小白鼠与家兔试验、荚膜肿胀试验、透射电镜等观察荚膜,观察白假丝酵母菌临床分离菌株（C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4）的荚膜结构并探讨其形成条件。结果显示：（1）C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4四株临床分离菌株均为革兰阳性、念珠状菌;能形成芽管、假菌丝、厚膜孢子;能发酵葡萄糖和麦芽糖产酸又产气;发酵蔗糖产酸不产气;不发酵乳糖。（2）在感染小白鼠及家兔体内均可形成荚膜,荚膜层的厚度可因不同环境而有显著差异（P〈0．01或〈0．05）,边界明显;荚膜肿胀试验阳性。4株临床分离菌株均可被鉴定为具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌。     

Cost‐effectiveness of Endoscopic Surveillance for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Background: Patients with intestinal metaplasia (IM) are at increased risk for gastric cancer. Endoscopic surveillance has been shown to anticipate cancer diagnosis in an earlier stage. Cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance in IM patients is unknown. To assess the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of an yearly endoscopic surveillance in patients with IM. Methods: A decision analysis model was constructed in order to compare a strategy of performing an EGD every year for a 10‐year period (surveillance strategy) following a new diagnosis of IM to a policy of nonsurveillance in a simulated cohort of 10,000 American patients. A 1.8% 10‐year cumulative incidence of gastric cancer in IM patients was estimated from the literature. Endoscopic surveillance was simulated to downstage the detected cancers by 58–84%. Costs of EGD and cancer care were estimated from Medicare reimbursement data. The main outcome measurement was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Results: The number of EGDs required to detect one cancer and to prevent one gastric cancer‐related death in the surveillance arm were 556 and 3738, respectively. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of endoscopic surveillance as compared to a nonsurveillance policy was $72,519 per life‐year gained (5–95% percentiles Monte Carlo analysis: $54,843–$98,853). At sensitivity analysis, cancer incidence and the rate of downstaging were the most important variables. Conclusions: According to our simulation, the relatively high risk of cancer in patients with IM and the substantial efficacy of endoscopic surveillance in reducing cancer‐related mortality would support the cost‐effectiveness of an endoscopic surveillance program in patients with IM. Further research is needed before implementing it in the clinical practice.     

参元益气活血胶囊联合心痛贴穴位贴敷对不稳定性心绞痛气虚血瘀证患者脂代谢和氧化应激的影响

摘要 目的：观察参元益气活血胶囊联合心痛贴穴位贴敷对不稳定性心绞痛（UA）气虚血瘀证患者脂代谢和氧化应激的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法将2020年3月~2022年9月期间首都医科大学附属北京中医医院收治的100例UA患者分为对照组（常规西医治疗和心痛贴穴位贴敷）和研究组（对照组的基础上接受参元益气活血胶囊治疗），各为50例。对比两组中医证候积分、心绞痛发作次数和持续时间、脂代谢指标[总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）]、氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）]、心功能指标[左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心输出量（CO）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）]。结果：两组治疗4周后胸痛、胸闷、气短、心悸、神倦乏力、自汗、不寐评分均下降，且研究组均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后心绞痛发作次数减少，持续时间缩短，且研究组改善幅度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后TG、TC、LDL-C下降，HDL-C升高，且研究组改善幅度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后SOD升高，MDA下降，且研究组改善幅度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后LVEF、CO升高，LVEDD下降，且研究组改善幅度大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：参元益气活血胶囊联合心痛贴穴位贴敷治疗UA气虚血瘀证患者，可减少心绞痛发作次数，缩短持续时间，促进临床症状改善，改善心功能、脂代谢和氧化应激水平。     

Envelope ultrastructure of uncultured naturally occurring magnetotactic cocci

Magnetotactic bacteria are microorganisms that respond to magnetic fields. We studied the surface ultrastructure of uncultured magnetotactic cocci collected from a marine environment by transmission electron microscopy using freeze-fracture and freeze-etching. All bacteria revealed a Gram-negative cell wall. Many bacteria possessed extensive capsular material and a S-layer formed by particles arranged with hexagonal symmetry. No indication of a metal precipitation on the surface of these microorganisms was observed. Numerous membrane vesicles were observed on the surface of the bacteria. Flagella were organized in bundles originated in a depression on the surface of the cells. Occasionally, a close association of the flagella with the magnetosomes that remained attached to the replica was observed. Capsules and S-layers are common structures in magnetotactic cocci from natural sediments and may be involved in inhibition of metal precipitation on the cell surface or indirectly influence magnetotaxis.