Mutual Exclusivity of Hyaluronan and Hyaluronidase in Invasive Group A Streptococcus

A recent analysis of group A Streptococcus (GAS) invasive infections in Australia has shown a predominance of M4 GAS, a serotype recently reported to lack the antiphagocytic hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule. Here, we use molecular genetics and bioinformatics techniques to characterize 17 clinical M4 isolates associated with invasive disease in children during this recent epidemiology. All M4 isolates lacked HA capsule, and whole genome sequence analysis of two isolates revealed the complete absence of the hasABC capsule biosynthesis operon. Conversely, M4 isolates possess a functional HA-degrading hyaluronate lyase (HylA) enzyme that is rendered nonfunctional in other GAS through a point mutation. Transformation with a plasmid expressing hasABC restored partial encapsulation in wild-type (WT) M4 GAS, and full encapsulation in an isogenic M4 mutant lacking HylA. However, partial encapsulation reduced binding to human complement regulatory protein C4BP, did not enhance survival in whole human blood, and did not increase virulence of WT M4 GAS in a mouse model of systemic infection. Bioinformatics analysis found no hasABC homologs in closely related species, suggesting that this operon was a recent acquisition. These data showcase a mutually exclusive interaction of HA capsule and active HylA among strains of this leading human pathogen.     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎内镜下胃黏膜表现与中医辨证分型的相关性研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎内镜下胃黏膜表现与中医辨证分型之间的相关性,为临床中医辨证论治提供理论依据。方法收集我院治疗且符合纳入标准的幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎患者212例,记录患者临床资料并进行中医辨证分型,结合内镜下胃黏膜征象,对数据进行统计分析。结果 212例患者内镜下胃黏膜征象与中医辨证分型之间的相关性具有统计学意义(P0.01);所收集的病例中肝胃气滞证(21.7%)脾胃湿热证(20.1%)脾胃气虚证(18.4%)肝胃郁热证(13.7%)胃阴不足证(11.3%)脾胃虚寒证(7.5%)胃络瘀阻证(6.6%),各中医证型的发病率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。内镜下各胃黏膜征象之间,红斑渗出型以肝胃气滞证居多,隆起糜烂型以脾胃湿热证居多,胆汁反流型以肝胃气滞证居多,皱襞萎缩型以胃阴不足证居多,出血型以胃络瘀阻证居多,均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎内镜下胃黏膜表现与中医辨证分型之间存在一定的相关性和规律性。     

株具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌的分离与鉴定*

取临床标本(性病门诊病人阴道分泌物)直接涂片染色镜检及用沙保氏琼脂平板分离培养、作涂片革兰染色镜检、出芽试验、厚膜孢子形成试验、糖发酵试验等鉴定菌种;小白鼠与家兔试验、荚膜肿胀试验、透射电镜等观察荚膜,观察白假丝酵母菌临床分离菌株(C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4)的荚膜结构并探讨其形成条件。结果显示:(1)C1-1、C1-2、C1-3、C1-4四株临床分离菌株均为革兰阳性、念珠状菌;能形成芽管、假菌丝、厚膜孢子;能发酵葡萄糖和麦芽糖产酸又产气;发酵蔗糖产酸不产气;不发酵乳糖。(2)在感染小白鼠及家兔体内均可形成荚膜,荚膜层的厚度可因不同环境而有显著差异(P<0·01或<0·05),边界明显;荚膜肿胀试验阳性。4株临床分离菌株均可被鉴定为具有荚膜的白假丝酵母菌。     

金莲花液雾化吸入对慢性鼻窦炎功能性内窥镜术后患者鼻通气功能、生活质量和血清炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨金莲花液雾化吸入对慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)功能性内窥镜术后患者鼻通气功能、生活质量和血清炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2017年10月~2019年8月期间我院收治的CRS功能性内窥镜术后患者160例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=80)和研究组(n=80),对照组术后在常规治疗的基础上予以鼻腔生理盐水雾化吸入治疗,研究组在常规治疗的基础上予以金莲花液雾化吸入治疗,比较两组患者鼻通气功能[鼻腔最小截面积(NMCSA)、鼻腔容积(NV)]、生活质量和血清炎性因子[白介素-5(IL-5)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)]及预后相关指标。结果:两组患者治疗10 d后NMCSA、NV均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗10 d后情感职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、生理功能、精神健康、活力、生理职能、总体健康的维度评分均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗10 d后血清IL-5、TNF-α、PCT水平均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组术腔清洁时间、上皮化时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组鼻黏液纤毛传输速度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:金莲花液雾化吸入治疗CRS功能性内窥镜术后患者,可有效改善其鼻通气功能及生活质量,抑制炎性反应,促进患者恢复。     

脑血康胶囊联合巴曲酶对急性脑梗死患者血清 MBP、NSE水平的影响

摘要 目的：研究脑血康胶囊联合巴曲酶对急性脑梗死患者血清髓鞘碱性蛋白(myebin bosic protein,MBP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)水平的影响。方法：选择2018年3月～2019年3月我院收治的161例急性脑梗死患者,将其随机分为两组。对照组静脉滴注巴曲酶,首次给予10 BU,隔日给予5 BU,每两天给药1次;观察组在巴曲酶的基础上联合口服脑血康胶囊,每天3 次,每次3粒。观察和比较两组治疗总有效率、治疗前后血清MBP、NSE、全血黏度(whole blood viscosity,WBV)、红细胞压积(hematocrit,HCT)、血浆黏度(plasma viscosity,PV)和纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,FIB)水平及NHISS和BI评分的变化。结果：治疗后,观察组的有效率为91.25 %,明显高于对照组(64.2%,P<0.05);两组血清MBP、NSE、WBV、HCT、PV和FIB水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且观察组的以上指标明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组的BI评分明显升高(P<0.05),NHISS评分明显降低(P<0.05),观察组BI评分明显高于对照组,而NHISS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论：脑血康胶囊联合巴曲酶对急性脑梗死有显著的疗效,能明显降低患者血清MBP、NSE水平,促进神经功能的恢复。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对肝性脑病患者 肠黏膜屏障功能及血氨的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对肝性脑病患者肠屏障功能及血氨的影响。方法选取100例确诊为肝性脑病的患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组各50例。对照组患者给予肝性脑病常规综合治疗,治疗组在常规综合治疗的基础上同时口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊进行治疗。治疗前及治疗两周后分别检测两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能及血氨水平并比较其变化。结果治疗前两组患者肠屏障功能及血氨水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗2周后,治疗组患者的血氨水平、血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)水平、血清内毒素水平(LPS)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平较治疗前显著降低,且较对照组治疗后的水平亦有明显的降低(P0.05)。结论肝性脑病患者在常规综合治疗的基础上,加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊可以明显改善患者肠黏膜屏障功能,减少肠源性血氨的生成,临床疗效确切。     

顺天胶囊药理学实验研究Ⅱ.顺天胶囊对幼鼠性功能及抗疲劳作用的影响

本文探讨了顺天胶囊对幼鼠性机能的影响和抗疲劳等作用。实验结果表明,本品对雌性幼鼠性机能无明显影响作用,但能明显提高雄性幼鼠前列腺一精囊重量和睾丸酮水平,明显延长小鼠游泳时间。提示本品具有提高雄性动物性机能及明显抗疲劳作用。     

Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in gastric brush and biopsy specimens stained by Rowmanowsky and immunocytochemical methods: comparison with the CLOtest

Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, and possibly gastric carcinoma. The organism may be detected by invasive or non‐invasive methods with variable sensitivity. Paired gastric biopsy and gastric brush specimens were collected from 83 patients presenting with non‐ulcer dyspepsia. One biopsy was tested for urease using the CLOtest, the other was processed to paraffin and consecutive sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, modified Giemsa and anti‐ H. pylori antisera. The brush specimens were stained with a rapid Romanowsky stain (Hema‐Gurr) and anti‐ H. pylori . The CLOtest was positive in 31 cases, the Giemsa biopsy in 25, the anti‐ H. pylori biopsy in 27, the Hema‐Gurr smear in 27 and the anti‐ H. pylori smear in 19. The sensitivities of the methods after omitting one inadequate biopsy were 96%, 93%, 100%, 96% and 78%, respectively. The specificities were 93% for the CLOtest and 100% for the other methods. While immunocytochemical staining of gastric biopsies may be the most sensitive method for H. pylori identification, the cost and turn around time of the technique may preclude its routine use. Gastric brush cytology is a highly sensitive and specific method for H. pylori detection that is quick and simple to perform. Its application is recommended for the routine diagnosis of H. pylori infection.     

Effects of crowding on life history parameters of four green leafhoppers,Nephotettix spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

The effects of intraspecific crowding on the different life history parameters of the three tropical and subtropical green leafhoppers, Nephotettix virescensStål ,N. nigropictusDistant and N. malayanusIshihara etKawase , and one temperate species, N. cincticepsUhler , were studied under 25±1°C using the susceptible Japonica rice variety “Nipponbare”. Crowding during the immature stages of the four species prolonged the nymphal developmental period and resulted to smaller adults with reduced fecundity and shorter life span. Similarly, crowding during the adult stage also shortened the life span of both sexes of adults and decreased the fecundity of females of the four species. The effect of crowding during the adult stage was more adverse than the effect of crowding during the immature stages. N. cincticeps seemed more sensitive to crowding even at lower densities whereas the three tropical species were sensitive mostly at higher densities.