扶正化瘀胶囊对心肌梗死大鼠心肌纤维化的影响

目的：急性心肌梗死是危害人类健康的重大疾病之一,心肌梗死后心肌纤维化是造成心脏结构破坏、心功能下降、心律失常发生、心衰甚至猝死的微观病理机制。防治心肌纤维化是当前医学研究的重点和热点。本研究主要探讨扶正化瘀胶囊对心肌梗死大鼠心肌纤维化的干预作用。方法：大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、扶正化瘀胶囊组和卡托普利组,采用结扎冠状动脉前降支的方法建立心肌梗死模型,假手术组只穿线,不结扎。于造模成功后第10天开始给予相应药物治疗2个月。治疗结束后,检测左心室梗死范围和心肌胶原含量。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组、扶正化瘀胶囊组和卡托普利组的非梗死区面积显著减小（P〈0.01）。与模型组比较,扶正化瘀胶囊组和卡托普利组的梗死区面积和梗死百分比显著减小（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。在心肌胶原表达上,与假手术组比较,模型组和扶正化瘀胶囊组胶原含量显著增加（P〈0.01）。与模型组比较,卡托普利组和扶正化瘀胶囊组胶原含量显著降低（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：扶正化瘀胶囊能够改善心肌缺血,缩小心肌梗死范围,抑制心肌胶原表达,除能用于肝纤维化的治疗外,还能用于防治心肌梗死后的心肌纤维化。     

单气囊小肠镜在诊断胶囊内镜检查阴性的可疑小肠疾病患者中的应用价值

目的：探讨单气囊小肠镜（single-balloonenteroscop,SBE）在胶囊内镜检查阴性的可疑小肠疾病患者中的应用价值。方法：选取在我院行胶囊内镜检查无异常发现,后行单气囊小肠镜检查的可疑小肠疾病患者24例,分析后者对胶囊内镜检查阴性可疑小肠疾病患者的阳性发现率和病因的分布特点。结果：24例行SBE检查者有22例（91．7％）获得成功,2例失败,10例被检出阳性病变,其中间质瘤5例,小肠息肉2例,过敏性紫癜1例,血管畸形2例,SBE对胶囊内镜检查阴性的患者小肠疾病的再检出率为41．7％。结论：胶囊内镜和SBE在小肠疾病的诊断上有着各自的优缺点,对于胶囊内镜检查阴性的可疑小肠疾病患者进一步行SBE检查有助于确诊。     

Spectrophotometric measurements of human tissues for the detection of subjacent blood vessels in an endonasal endoscopic surgical approach

Thin slices of human tissues are characterized concerning reflection and transmission in a wavelength range from 400 to 1700 nm. The results are primarily useful to find a wavelength for the detection of subjacent blood vessels during surgical procedures, especially neurological surgery. The measurements have been conducted using a customized measuring station, utilizing two halogen bulb lamps and two spectrometers. This paper focuses on creating a data base with the optical properties of artery, brain, bone, nasal mucosa, and nerve. The spectral distributions are compared among each other, similarities and differences are pointed out. Each tissue has got unique spectral characteristics, whereas typical absorption bands can be found in the overall tissues, especially hemoglobin and water absorption bands. The reflectivity maxima are typically located in the red or near‐infrared. All the transmission maxima are located between 1075 nm and 1100 nm. The measurements have been conducted at the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Leipzig. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

参松养心胶囊对心房颤动患者P波离散度及血清炎性因子水平的影响*

目的:探讨参松养心胶囊对心房颤动(AF)患者P波离散度(Pd)及血清炎性因子水平的影响,为临床用药提供依据。方法:将西安交通大学第一附属医院2016年3月-2018年1月收治的AF患者纳入本研究,共148例。所有患者根据不同的治疗方式分为对照组和观察组。对照组(n=74)接受常规治疗,观察组(n=74)在对照组基础上加用参松养心胶囊,两组均治疗8周。比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效,观察并比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后的Pd、最大P波时限(Pmax)变化情况,检测两组患者治疗前及治疗后的血清炎性因子水平,记录不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为89.19%(66/74),高于对照组的70.27%(52/74)(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的Pmax、Pd均明显降低,且观察组患者治疗后的Pmax、Pd均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后的血清炎性因子水平均明显降低,且与对照组相比,观察组患者治疗后的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平均降低(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:参松养心胶囊治疗AF患者安全有效,能明显减轻炎性反应,改善患者心功能。     

A readily usable two‐photon fluorescence lifetime microendoscope

A two‐photon fluorescence lifetime (2P‐FLIM) microendoscope, capable of energetic metabolism imaging through the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) autofluorescence, at sub‐cellular resolution, is demonstrated. It exhibits readily usable characteristics such as convenient endoscope probe diameter (≈2 mm), fiber length (>5 m) and data accumulation rate (16 frames per second (fps)), leading to a FLIM refreshing rate of ≈0.1 to 1 fps depending on the sample. The spiral scanning image formation does not influence the instrument response function (IRF) characteristics of the system. Near table‐top microscope performances are achieved through a comprehensive system including a home‐designed spectro‐temporal pulse shaper and a custom air‐silica double‐clad photonic crystal fiber, which enables to reach up to 40 mW of ≈100 fs pulses @ 760 nm with a 80 MHz repetition rate. A GRadient INdex (GRIN) lens provides a lateral resolution of 0.67 μm at the focus of the fiber probe. Intracellular NADH fluorescence lifetime data are finally acquired on cultured cells at 16 fps.      

Oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX measured in the stomach and duodenum during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Protoporphyrin IX‐triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX‐TSLT) is a method used to measure oxygen (PO₂) in human cells. The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility and safety of measuring oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐induced PpIX during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Endoscopic delayed fluorescence measurements were performed 4 hours after oral administration of ALA in healthy volunteers. The ALA dose administered was 0, 1, 5 or 20 mg/kg. Measurements were performed at three mucosal spots in the gastric antrum, duodenal bulb and descending duodenum with the catheter above the mucosa and while applying pressure to induce local ischemia and monitor mitochondrial respiration. During two endoscopies, measurements were performed both before and after intravenous administration of butylscopolamine. Delayed fluorescence measurements were successfully performed during all 10 upper GI endoscopies. ALA dose of 5 mg/kg showed adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values >20 without side effects. All pressure measurements showed significant prolongation of delayed fluorescence lifetime compared to measurements performed without pressure (P < .001). Measurements before and after administration of butylscopolamine did not differ significantly in the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum. Measurements of oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of ALA‐induced PpIX in the GI tract during upper GI endoscopy are technically feasible and safe.     

Polysaccharide diversity in VNI isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from Roraima,Northern Brazil

Species of the Cryptococcus genus comprise environmental, encapsulated fungal pathogens that cause lethal meningitis in immunosuppressed individuals. In humans, fungal uptake of hypocapsular Cryptococcus by macrophages was associated with high fungal burden in the cerebrospinal fluid and long-term patient survival. On the basis of the key role of the cryptococcal capsule in disease, we analyzed the diversity of capsular structures in 23 isolates from pigeon excreta collected in the cities of Boa Vista, Bonfim and Pacaraima, in the state of Roraima (Northern Brazil). All isolates were identified as Cryptococcus neoformans (VNI genotype) by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Through a combination of fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, each isolate was characterized at the phenotypical level, which included measurements of growth rates at 30 and 37 °C, pigmentation, cell body size, capsular dimensions, serological reactivity, urease production and ability to produce extracellular glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the main capsular component of C. neoformans. With the exception of melanization, a formidable diversity was observed considering all parameters tested in our study. Of note, hyper and hypo producers of GXM were identified, in addition to isolates with hyper and hypo profiles of reactivity with a polysaccharide-binding monoclonal antibody. Capsular dimensions were also highly variable in the collection of isolates. Extracellular GXM production correlated positively with capsular dimensions, urease activity and cell size. Unexpectedly, GXM concentrations did not correlate with serological reactivity with the cryptococcal capsule. These results reveal a high diversity in the ability of environmental C. neoformans to produce capsular components, which might impact the outcome of human cryptococcosis.     

菊藤胶囊对应激性高血压大鼠血压及血液ET、NO含量的影响

目的:探讨了菊藤胶囊对应激性高血压(SIH)大鼠血压影响的可能机制。方法:采用电击足底应激刺激的方法制备应激性高血压大鼠模型,观察每天应激刺激前灌服菊藤胶囊对应激大鼠血压的影响,检测血清一氧化氮(NO)、血浆内皮素(ET)水平。结果:模型组血压显著升高,模型组与其它各组血压比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。正常组、卡托组、菊高组之间进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与模型组比较,菊藤胶囊高中剂量组、西药组可使SIH血清NO水平显著升高(P<0.01),高中剂量组、西药组可使血浆ET水平显著下降(P<0.01);正常组、西药组、中药高剂量组之间进行比较并无显著性差异。结论:SIH形成与血清NO水平下降、血浆ET水平升高有关,菊藤胶囊能有效降低血压,其降压机制可能与调整血清NO、血浆ET水平有关。     

Role of M3 protein in the adherence and internalization of an invasive Streptococcus pyogenes strain by epithelial cells

Streptococcus pyogenes utilizes multiple mechanisms for adherence to and internalization by epithelial cells. One of the molecules suggested of being involved in adherence and internalization is the M protein. Although strains of the M3 serotype form the second largest group isolated from patients with severe invasive diseases and fatal infections, not much information is known regarding the interactions of M3 protein with mammalian cells. In this study we have constructed an emm3 mutant of an invasive M3 serotype (SP268), and demonstrated that the M3 protein is involved in both adherence to and internalization by HEp-2 cells. Fibronectin promoted both adherence and internalization of SP268 in an M3-independent pathway. Utilizing speB and speB/emm3 double mutants, it was found that M3 protein is not essential for the maturation of SpeB, as was reported for the M1 protein. Increased internalization efficiency observed in both the speB and emm3/speB mutants suggested that inhibition of S. pyogenes internalization by SpeB is not related to the presence of an intact M3 protein. Thus, other proteins in SP268, which serve as targets for SpeB activity, have a prominent role in the internalization process.