TRIM32/USP11 Balances ARID1A Stability and the Oncogenic/Tumor-Suppressive Status of Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Complex Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Predicts Patient Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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Highlights

• •Flow cytometry analysis is used to isolate ASC speck⁽⁺⁾ NPC cells.
• •Proteome analysis of ASC speck⁽⁺⁾ NPC cells reveals enriched mitochondrial OxPhos proteins.
• •OxPhos proteins mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mtROS.
• •OxPhos proteins, NDUFB8 and ATP5B are correlated with NPC local recurrence.

     

The transient and constitutive inflammatory signaling in tumorigenesis

Comment on: Rokavec M, et al. Mol Cell 2012; 45:777-89.     

A bivariate radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin and the synthetic antidiuretic agent 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin)

Pairs of radioimmunoassays, each of which include a two-dimensional matrix of standards, have been previously employed to resolve specificity problems in steroid immunoassay. In this study the bivariate radioimmunoassay principle has been applied to simultaneous measurement of plasma antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, and the synthetic antidiuretic agent 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (desmopressin), by utilizing two arginine vasopressin antisera which show significantly different cross-reactivities with the synthetic analog. Data processing consists of mathematical representation of two curved dose-response surfaces followed by solution of this pair of nonlinear simultaneous equations for the unknown arginine vasopressin and desmopressin concentrations. Details of numerical procedures are given in the Appendix. The assay appears entirely adequate in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and precision for measurement of these antidiuretic agents in clinical samples. No evidence of significant covariance in estimated concentrations could be detected but precision of estimation is (not unexpectedly) a function of the concentration of both agents. The plasma disappearance half-time of desmopressin (probably the second of a biphasic disappearance) was estimated as 37 min in one normal subject, which is in good agreement with a previously reported value of 30 min.     

Single-cell landscape of the ecosystem in early-relapse hepatocellular carcinoma

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Rapid atraumatic sex identification of developmental day 14–16 mice

Abstract

Embryonic mice have been used widely to study organ development. Days 14–16 are critical for sex organ development and differentiation in mice. Current methods for sex identification are limited. Even the simplest polymerase chain reaction method may injure the embryo. We determined that morphologic analysis of embryonic mammary anlagen could be used for rapid atraumatic sex identification of day 14–16 mice. The accuracy of our method was verified by molecular and anatomical approaches.     

Clonal populations of the mouse mammary cell line,COMMA-D,which retain capability of morphogenesis in vivo

Summary Clonal populations were isolated from the mouse mammary cell line, COMMA-D, by transfection with a dominant-selectable gene, pSV2Neo, which confers resistance to the antibiotic, G418. Seven of twenty-four clones isolated retained the ability of the parental line to repopulate cleared mammary fat pads in vivo as ductal-alveolar hyperplasias. Two sublines designated CDNR2 and CDNR4 retained hyperplastic growth potential after multiple passages in vitro with low incidence of tumor formation. A third subpopulation, CDNR1, contained a single integration site for the pSV2Neo plasmid indicating a bonafide clonal origin for this subline. CDNR1 cells displayed heterogeneous growth phenotypes in vivo including hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma, and bone formation. Functional differentiation of CDNR1 cells organized as alveolarlike structures in vivo or on floating collagen gels in vitro was observed as determined by immunoperoxidase staining for the milk-specific protein, casein. Overall, the results indicate that a subset of cells from the COMMA-D cell line may be functionally analogous to stem cells existing in the mammary gland. Supported by NCI research grants CA-38650, CA-33369, CA-39017, and CA-25215.     

Fluid shear stress regulates HepG2 cell migration though time-dependent integrin signaling cascade

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a subtype of malignant liver cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. It is noteworthy that mechanical forces in tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in mediating the behaviors and functions of tumor cells. As an instrumental type of mechanical forces in vivo, fluid shear stress (FSS) has been reported having potent physiologic and pathologic effects on cancer progression. However, the time-dependent mechanochemical transduction in HCC induced by FSS remains unclear. In this study, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to 1.4 dyn/cm² FSS for transient duration (15s and 30s), short duration (5 min, 15 min and 30 min) and long duration (1h, 2h and 4h), respectively. The expression and translocation of Integrins induced FAK-Rho GTPases signaling events were examined. Our results showed that FSS endowed HepG2 cells with higher migration ability via reorganizing cellular F-actin and disrupting intercellular tight junctions. We further demonstrated that FSS regulated the expression and translocation of Integrins and their downstream signaling cascade in time-dependent patterns. The FSS downregulated focal adhesion components (Paxillin, Vinculin and Talin) while upregulated the expression of Rho GTPases (Cdc42, Rac1 and RhoA) in long durations. These results indicated that FSS enhanced tumor cell migration through Integrins-FAK-Rho GTPases signaling pathway in time-dependent manners. Our in vitro findings shed new light on the role of FSS acting in physiologic and pathological processes during tumor progression, which has emerged as a promising clinical strategy for liver carcinoma.     

Synthesis of fibronectin in normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage

The content and the biosynthesis of fibronectin was examined in disease-free articular cartilage and in articular cartilage from osteoarthritic canine joints. Fibronectin content was increased in extracts of cartilage from osteoarthritic joints. Incubation of cartilage in vitro with [³H]phenylalanine and subsequent isolation of [³H]fibronectin from a gelatin affinity column and characterization by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by immunoprecipitation indicated that disease-free and osteoarthritic cartilage explants synthesized fibronectin. About 50% of the [³H]fibronectin was recovered in the incubation medium. The osteoarthritic cartilage synthesized and accumulated up to 5-fold more [³H]fibronectin than disease-free cartilage.