小朱兰在广东的首次记录及其意义

报道了广东省朱兰属1新记录——小朱兰,并论述了它的分类学、区系学意义。     

广西弄岗国家级自然保护区植物物种多样性初步研究

对广西弄岗国家级自然保护区(以下简称弄岗保护区)维管植物物种多样性组成,包括对异名的订正、新发现类群和新发表类群的添加以及广西新记录种、特有种、国家或区级重点保护物种的统计等进行整理和研究。结果表明:弄岗保护区共计有维管植物1752种,隶属于184科810属。其中蕨类植物中国特有种39种、种子植物广西特有种101种、岩溶特有植物278种、珍稀濒危植物33种、广西重点保护野生植物73种、广西新记录种9种以及植物新类群17种。     

青藓科中国新记录种——短尖拟青藓

该文报道了短尖拟青藓［Sciuro-hypnum ornellanum (Molendo) Ignatov & Huttunen］在新疆阿尔泰山的分布,这是该种在中国的首次记录。详细介绍了拟青藓属［Sciuro-hypnum （Hampe） Hampe］的由来,讨论了短尖拟青藓的形态特征及其地理分布,对其与形态相近种进行了比较分析,并提供了中国拟青藓属分种检索表。该种的发现不仅为中国青藓科植物研究提供了新资料,同时也进一步佐证了中国新疆植物区系与俄罗斯、中亚及欧洲的密切联系。     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态状况分析

目的了解妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者阴道微生态的状况,探讨妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态评价的临床意义。方法选取100例妇科恶性肿瘤术后复查的患者,取阴道分泌物进行微生态评价,以同期30例绝经体检妇女作为对照。结果妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道优势菌以乳酸杆菌为主的,占41%;菌群密集度多在＋ ＋ ～＋ ＋ ＋,占52%;菌群多样性多在＋ ＋ ～＋ ＋ ＋,44% ;PH^4.5,占35% ;VVC阳性率为4% ;阴道毛滴虫阳性率为7% ;BV阳性率为5% ;微生态失调的发生率占69%。结论（1）妇科恶性肿瘤术后,阴道微生态失调发生率明显增高;（2）妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态的失调与肿瘤的种类、恶性程度、手术范围、卵巢去留等无关,但术后时间越长,阴道微生态失调率越高;（3）评价妇科恶性肿瘤术后阴道微生态环境的状况,对预防与治疗术后生殖道感染具有重要指导意义。     

砂仁对抗生素所致肠道菌群失调小鼠调节作用的探讨

【摘要】 目的 通过建立抗生素诱导小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,应用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析小鼠肠道菌群失调前后经服用中药砂仁调理后肠道菌群指纹图谱的变化。方法 选用10只昆明种小鼠,正常培养7 d,适应环境后每天取粪便1次,连续3 d;菌群稳定后按100 mg/kg的头孢拉啶灌胃,每天灌胃2次,连续5 d,每天取粪便1次;上述小鼠随机分为两个组,自然恢复组(饲喂基础饲料)和砂仁处理组,每组5只。3 d后每天取粪便1次,连续3 d,提取细菌总DNA,以16S rRNA基因V3区通用引物扩增,对扩增的PCR产物进行DGGE电泳及指纹图谱分析并切胶测序比对。结果 抗生素处理后小鼠肠道菌群与正常小鼠差异有统计学意义,致病菌增加,砂仁处理组小鼠与正常小鼠的肠道菌群指纹图谱有很大的相似性,但与自然恢复组差异有统计学意义。结论 抗生素可导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,而中药砂仁对肠道菌群失调有明显的恢复作用。     

肠道菌群与疾病发生及中草药调节和治疗作用的研究概述

肠道正常菌群及微生态稳定对人体极具重要性,中草药对肠道菌群具有调节作用.本文综述了人体的肠道正常菌群与疾病产生和发展的关系,结合中草药对肠道菌群调节作用的研究,探讨中药调节肠道菌群与其发挥疾病防治效果之间的相关性,以期为中草药的临床应用及药理学研究提供一定的参考依据.     

感染华支睾吸虫大鼠肠道菌群的实验研究

目的 观察华支睾吸虫感染对大鼠肠道菌群的影响.方法 建立华支睾吸虫感染大鼠模型,分别在造模后48 h、18d和35 d,取肠内容物进行乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的培养及定量分析.结果 与对照组相比,在感染后48 h,大鼠肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少(P＜0.05),肠球菌和肠杆菌数量略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在感染后18 d(童虫期),乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌数量进一步减少(P＜0.01),肠杆菌和肠球菌数量明显增加(P＜0.01);在感染后35 d(成虫期),四种肠道菌与童虫期的变化基本一致.结论 华支睾吸虫感染可致大鼠肠道菌群发生失调,其中益生菌减少,致病菌增多,尤以童虫期、成虫期较重.     

New Caledonia: A Hot Spot for Valuable Chemodiversity Part 3: Santalales,Caryophyllales, and Asterids

The flora of New Caledonia encompasses more than 3000 plant species and an endemism of almost 80%. New Caledonia is even considered as one of the 34 ‘hot spots’ for biodiversity. Considering the current global loss of biodiversity and the fact that several drugs and pesticides become obsolete, there is an urgent need to increase sampling and research on new natural products. In this context, here, we reviewed the chemical knowledge available on New Caledonian native flora from economical perspectives. We expect that a better knowledge of the economic potential of plant chemistry will encourage the plantation of native plants for the development of a sustainable economy which will participate in the conservation of biodiversity. This review is divided into three parts, and the third part which is presented here summarizes the scientific literature related to the chemistry of endemic santalales, caryophyllales, and asterids. We show that the high rate of endemism is correlated with the originality of phytochemicals encountered in New Caledonian plants. A total of 176 original natural compounds have been identified from these plants, whereas many species have not been investigated so far. We also discuss the economic potential of plants and molecules with consideration of their medicinal and industrial perspectives. This review finally highlights several groups, such as Sapotaceae, that are unexplored in New Caledonia despite the high chemical interest in them. These plants are considered to have priority in future chemical investigations.     

Unravelling the mechanisms for plant survival on gypsum soils: an analysis of the chemical composition of gypsum plants from Turkey

Depending on their specificity to gypsum, plants can be classified as gypsophiles (gypsum exclusive) and gypsovags (non‐exclusive). The former may further be segregated into wide and narrow gypsophiles, depending on the breadth of their distribution area. Narrow gypsum endemics have a putative similar chemical composition to plants non‐exclusive to gypsum (i.e. gypsovags), which may indicate their similar ecological strategy as stress‐tolerant plant refugees on gypsum. However, this hypothesis awaits testing in different regions of the world. We compared the chemical composition of four narrow gypsum endemics, one widely distributed gypsophile and six gypsovags from Turkey. Further, we explored the plasticity in chemical composition of Turkish gypsovags growing on high‐ and low‐gypsum content soils. Differences were explored with multivariate analyses (RDA) and mixed models (REML). Narrow gypsum endemics segregated from gypsovags in their chemical composition according to RDAs (mainly due to higher K and ash content in the former). Nevertheless, differences were small and disappeared when different nutrients were analysed individually. All the gypsovags studied accumulated more S and ash when growing on high‐gypsum than on low‐gypsum soils. Similar to narrow gypsum endemics from other regions of the world, most local gypsum endemics from Turkey show a similar chemical composition to gypsovags. This may indicate a shared ecological strategy as stress‐tolerant plants not specifically adapted to gypsum. Nevertheless, the narrow gypsum endemic Gypsophila parva showed a chemical composition typical of gypsum specialists, indicating that various strategies are feasible within narrowly distributed gypsophiles.