耐温酵母与酿酒酵母的属间融合及融合株的高温乙醇发酵

利用原生质体融合技术进行耐温的克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ Ｙ０３４）与酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｕｉｓｉａｅ Ａ００１） 的属间融合,获得属间隔合子ＡＹ０６８。该融合株在４５℃下进行高温乙酵发酵,结果表明融合株表达了双亲耐温和产酒率高的特性。通过正交试验优化培养基成分,表明蛋东用量对菌体热抗性差异显著。比较了不同温度条件下,菌体生物量、糖利用率、ｐＨ因素与酒精产率的     

高迁移率族蛋白成员HMG20a/b的研究进展

高迁移率族(HMG)蛋白是一类广泛存在的非组蛋白型染色体蛋白,能通过诱导染色质结构的变化影响DNA表达。HMG20a和HMG20b是一对高度同源的HMG家族蛋白,均含有一个结构保守的HMG-box结构域和一个coiled-coil结构域,在生物体内广泛表达。HMG20a/b在细胞核内参与组蛋白去甲基酶复合物LSD1-Co REST的形成及一系列与细胞分裂分化相关的生理进程,如神经细胞核红细胞的分化、细胞质分裂以及EMT过程。研究发现,HMG20a/b一些功能的发挥是通过LSD1-Co REST复合物来实现的;在神经分化过程中,HMG20a、HMG20b具有相互拮抗的作用;而HMG20a促进EMT过程反映它很可能是一个促癌因子。本文对HMG20a/b的结构和体内分布及生物学功能进行综述。     

Ethanol production from high cellulose concentration by the basidiomycete fungus Flammulina velutipes

Ethanol production by Flammulina velutipes from high substrate concentrations was evaluated. F. velutipes produces approximately 40–60 g l⁻¹ ethanol from 15 % (w/v) d-glucose, d-fructose, d-mannose, sucrose, maltose, and cellobiose, with the highest conversion rate of 83 % observed using cellobiose as a carbon source. We also attempted to assess direct ethanol fermentation from sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SCBC) by F. velutipes. The hydrolysis rate of 15 % (w/v) SCBC with commercial cellulase was approximately 20 %. In contrast, F. velutipes was able to produce a significant amount of ethanol from 15 % SCBC with the production of β-glucosidase, cellobohydrolase, and cellulase, although the addition of a small amount of commercial cellulase to the culture was required for the conversion. When 9 mg g⁻¹ biomass of commercial cellulase was added to cultures, 0.36 g of ethanol was produced from 1 g of cellulose, corresponding to an ethanol conversion rate of 69.6 %. These results indicate that F. velutipes would be useful for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol.     

中国深圳和芬兰艾斯堡地区 健康婴幼儿肠道菌群的比较

目的探索中国与欧洲沿海发达地区婴幼儿肠道菌群的结构差异及随年龄增长的变化趋势。方法招募深圳地区健康婴幼儿35名并收集其粪便样本,采用Illumina的MiSeq平台对肠道菌群的16S rRNA V4序列进行测序。同时,结合40名芬兰艾斯堡地区健康婴幼儿肠道菌群数据,进行两地儿童菌群结构比较。结果中国与芬兰地区幼儿肠道菌群结构较为一致,在物种多样性及均匀度方面差异无统计学意义。菌属水平分析中,两组幼儿肠道内均呈现以拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属为主导的菌群结构。回归分析表明,幼儿肠道内菌群多样性随年龄的增长明显增加(R~2=0.174,P0.05),0～1岁与1～3岁幼儿的菌群结构差异有统计学意义(R~2=0.079,P0.05)。韦荣球菌、肠球菌和布劳特菌等菌属随年龄增长丰度明显降低,而粪杆菌、瘤胃球菌、罗斯菌等菌属显著增加。结论生命早期肠道菌群的发育主要与年龄因素密切相关,地区因素为次要因素。     

Advancement in high dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue in lymphoma

Although advanced stage aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and Hodgkin’s disease are thought to be chemotherapy-responsive cancers, a considerable number of patients either relapse or never attain a remission. High-dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is often the only possibility of cure for most of these patients. However, many controversial issues still remain with respect to HDT/ASCT for lymphomas, including its role for, the optimal timing of transplantation, the best conditioning regimen and the potential use of localized radiotherapy or immunologic methods to decrease post-transplant recurrence. Recently, mainly due to the unavailability of carmustine, several novel conditioning protocols have been clinically developed, with the aim of improving the overall outcome by enhancing the anti-lymphoma effect and, at the same time, by reducing short and long-term toxicity. Furthermore, the better safety profiles of novel approaches would definitively allow patients aged more than 65-70 years to benefit from this therapeutic option. In this review, we will briefly discuss the most relevant and recent data available regarding HDT/ASCT in lymphomas.     

4种北极被子植物叶片显微结构和超微结构研究

以采自北极的4种被子植物(高山发草Deschampsia alpina、无茎蝇子草Silene acaulis、仙女木Dryasocto-petala,极柳Salix polaris)为材料,利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜,研究了它们叶片显微结构和超微结构.结果显示;(1)高山发草和无茎蝇子草的叶片为等面叶,仙女木和极柳为两面叶,无茎蝇子草和极柳叶肉中含有异细胞;(2)4种植物的细胞超微结构均具有叶绿体紧贴细胞壁分布、叶绿体基质中含有淀粉粒、线粒体紧密地围绕在叶绿体周围的特征,而且高山发草和无茎蝇子草的类囊体出现膨胀,无茎蝇子草和仙女木的细胞基质有大量囊泡,极柳叶绿体内膜附近存在周质网.研究表明,北极植物叶片的结构特点与南极植物和高山植物具有一定的相似之处,北极植物叶片的显微结构和超微结构特征更有利于其适应北极的极端环境.     

高分子量腈水合酶在大肠杆菌中的表达策略及重组菌的细胞催化

【目的】实现红球菌Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1来源的高分子量腈水合酶H-NHase在Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中过量表达,以提高菌体总酶活,缩短菌体发酵周期,提高生产效率。【方法】将H-NHase中编码α亚基的基因nhh A和调控基因nhh G上游的核糖体结合位点(Shine-Dalgarno sequence,SD)替换成翻译起始强度更高的异源SD,同时优化各亚基之间间隔序列的长度,并根据大肠杆菌密码子偏好性对目的基因进行优化。通过E.coli重组表达系统过表达优化后的腈水合酶基因。采用离子交换层析对H-NHase进行纯化,并通过凝胶过滤层析确定重组酶的相对分子量。优化了全细胞催化条件,并建立底物恒速流加的细胞催化工艺,模拟了烟酰胺的生产工艺。【结果】H-NHase在E.coli中实现了过量表达。重组蛋白粗酶液的活性为85.5±4.3 U/mg,纯酶比活为234.0±11.7 U/mg,H-NHase相对分子质量为504.5±9.8 k D。细胞催化最适p H为7.5,最适温度为25°C,底物浓度为400 mmol/L。在此条件下,重组菌细胞酶活为256.0±10.4 U/m L,流加工艺最终的产物转化率可达99.9%。【结论】重组H-NHase大肠杆菌细胞生长迅速,发酵周期短,应用此重组菌进行细胞催化可以提高酰胺类物质的生产效率,具有潜在的工业价值。     

血浆IIA 分泌型磷脂酶A2 水平与冠脉支架术后再狭窄关系

目的:测定稳定型冠心病患者支架植入术(percutanous coronary intervention,PCI)前血浆IIA分泌型磷脂酶A2(group IIAsecretory phospholipase A2,ⅡA-sPLA2)的水平,以探讨该酶与冠脉支架术后再狭窄的可能关系。方法:稳定型冠心病行PCI患者63例,非冠心病患者39例,健康正常对照组42例,分别取外周静脉血测定血浆ⅡA-sPLA2酶浓度。PCI患者6个月后复查造影。结果:PCI患者术前该酶浓度显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),支架内再狭窄率34.9%,再狭窄(restenosis,RS)患者支架术前该酶水平与无再狭窄患者该酶水平无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:PCI患者术前血浆ⅡA-sPLA2酶浓度显著高于正常对照组,但可能与支架术后再狭窄无关。     

Responses of High Arctic wet sedge tundra to climate warming since 1980

The global climate is changing rapidly and Arctic regions are showing responses to recent warming. Responses of tundra ecosystems to climate change have been examined primarily through short‐term experimental manipulations, with few studies of long‐term ambient change. We investigated changes in above‐ and belowground biomass of wet sedge tundra to the warming climate of the Canadian High Arctic over the past 25 years. Aboveground standing crop was harvested from five sedge meadow sites and belowground biomass was sampled from one of the sites in the early 1980s and in 2005 using the same methods. Aboveground biomass was on average 158% greater in 2005 than in the early 1980s. The belowground biomass was also much greater in 2005: root biomass increased by 67% and rhizome biomass by 139% since the early 1980s. Dominant species from each functional group (graminoids, shrubs and forbs) showed significant increases in aboveground biomass. Responsive species included the dominant sedge species Carex aquatilis stans, C. membranacea, and Eriophorum angustifolium, as well as the dwarf shrub Salix arctica and the forb Polygonum viviparum. However, diversity measures were not different between the sample years. The greater biomass correlated strongly with increased annual and summer temperatures over the same time period, and was significantly greater than the annual variation in biomass measured in 1980–1983. Increased decomposition and mineralization rates, stimulated by warmer soils, were likely a major cause of the elevated productivity, as no differences in the mass of litter were found between sample periods. Our results are corroborated by published short‐term experimental studies, conducted in other wet sedge tundra communities which link warming and fertilization with elevated decomposition, mineralization and tundra productivity. We believe that this is the first study to show responses in High Arctic wet sedge tundra to recent climate change.