急性肾损伤的危险因素及尿液spd-1、IL-18、Cys-C的预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨急性肾损伤的危险因素及尿液可溶性程序性死亡受体1（spd-1）、白细胞介素18（IL-18）及胱抑素C（Cys-C）对急性肾损伤的预测价值。方法：选择2018年10月至2019年10月于我院就诊的急性肾损伤患者120例作为观察组,同时选取肾功能正常患者118例作为对照组,收集两组患者的临床资料,检测尿液spd-1、IL-18、Cys-C的含量,采用Logistic回归分析急性肾损伤的危险因素,并绘制ROC曲线,评估尿液spd-1、IL-18、Cys-C对急性肾损伤的预测价值。结果：观察组血清尿素氮(BUN)明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组尿液spd-1、IL-18、Cys-C明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,尿液spd-1（OR=1.461,P=0.000）、IL-18（OR=1.742,P=0.003）、Cys-C（OR=1.241,P=0.002）是急性肾损伤的危险因素。尿液spd-1预测急性肾损伤曲线下面积（AUC）为0.660,特异度为0.640,灵敏度为0.646;IL-18预测急性肾损伤的AUC为0.672,特异度为0.669,灵敏度为0.675;Cys-C预测急性肾损伤的AUC为0.643,特异度为0.649,灵敏度为0.673;三者联合检测预测急性肾损伤的AUC为0.792,特异度为0.667,灵敏度为0.917。结论：spd-1、IL-18、Cys-C在急性肾损伤患者尿液中含量明显增加,尿液spd-1、IL-18、Cys-C增加是急性肾损伤的危险因素,且三者联合检测对急性肾损伤的预测价值较高,具有一定的临床意义。     

冠状动脉磁共振血管成像和CT对可疑冠心病患者心脏事件的预测价值的比较研究

摘要 目的：探讨与比较冠状动脉核磁共振(MR)血管成像和CT对可疑冠心病患者心脏事件的预测价值。方法：2018年4月到2020年10月选择在本院诊治的103例可疑冠心病患者作为研究对象,所有患者都给予冠状动脉MRI血管成像与64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,记录影像学特征。随访患者的预后并进行预测价值分析。结果：103例可疑冠心病患者随访到2021年4月1日,发生心血管不良终点事件23例(不良事件组),发生率为22.3%。不良事件组的MRI血管成像显示右冠状动脉血管长度与内径都低于非不良事件组(P<0.05)。不良事件组的CT显示斑块率、斑块性质等与非不良事件组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组斑块位置对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示斑块性质、斑块率、右冠状动脉血管长度与内径都为导致心血管不良终点事件的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论：冠状动脉MRI血管成像和CT都可有效预测可疑冠心病患者心脏事件发生情况,能满足临床诊断可疑冠心病与预测预后的要求。     

不同碳氮源对花脸香蘑胞外酶活性的影响

以花脸香蘑Lepista sordida为材料,研究其分别在9种碳源和11种氮源液体培养条件下不同阶段pH值和葡萄糖浓度的变化,以及不同碳氮源对其所分泌的木质素过氧化物酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、锰过氧化物酶和漆酶活性的影响。结果表明,pH值在不同碳源培养后期变化显著（P<0.05）,而在不同氮源培养阶段无明显变化（P>0.05）,葡萄糖浓度和菌丝量在不同碳氮源中也无显著差异（P<0.05）。不同碳源和氮源培养基对花脸香蘑木质素过氧化物酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、锰过氧化物酶和漆酶活性均具有影响（P<0.05）。木糖和米糠有利于花脸香蘑分泌羧甲基纤维素酶（P<0.05）,红糖和牛肉浸膏有利于其分泌漆酶（P<0.05）,白砂糖和豆粉有利于其分泌锰过氧化物酶（P<0.05）,木糖和尿素有利于其分泌木质素过氧化物酶（P<0.05）。本研究为选择合适培养基以提高花脸香蘑生物转化效率提供了理论基础。     

隐匿性胫骨平台骨折MRI、CT检查的影像学表现及其诊断价值对比的回顾性研究

目的:研究对比隐匿性胫骨平台骨折(TPOF)磁共振成像(MRI)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)检查的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院自2016年1月至2019年12月拟诊断为TPOF且X线检查表现为阴性的89例患者的临床资料,分别对所有受试者进行MRI、CT检查,且以手术检查为金标准,比较上述两种影像学检查手段诊断TPOF的效能。此外,比较MRI、CT检查诊断TPOF的表观扩散系数以及节段各向异性值以及对TPOF类型的检出率。结果:MRI检查诊断TPOF的灵敏度、特异度及准确度分别为98.61%、94.12%、97.75%,均高于CT检查的79.17%、64.71%、76.40%(均P<0.05)。MRI检查诊断TPOF的表观扩散系数高于CT检查,而节段各向异性值低于CT检查(均P<0.05)。MRI检查对骨皮质骨折的检出率低于CT检查,而对骨小梁骨折的检出率高于CT检查(均P<0.05)。结论:MRI检查诊断TPOF的价值高于CT检查,且在骨小梁骨折的检出率方面优于CT检查,但CT检查应用于骨皮质骨折的诊断价值更高。临床工作中可能通过联合MRI以及CT检查,继而达到提高TPOF检出率的目的。     

蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值

从内禀价值、生态价值、经济价值和社会价值四个层次,总结和探讨了蜻蜓目昆虫资源价值。蜻蜓目昆虫是古老而进化成功的昆虫,遗传资源丰富,是生态系统中不可或缺的消费者,也是优良的生态环境指示生物,适用于对水陆环境的评价;作为食用昆虫优质原料、中医动物药原材料、天敌昆虫生防资源和未来科技仿生对象,可为人类创造较好的经济价值;还与人类的精神文化世界息息相关,逐渐形成了独具魅力的昆虫文化现象,具有现实的和潜在的资源价值。     

Influence of steam and dry heat pretreatment on fibre properties and cellulase degradation of cellulosic fibres

Cellulosic fabric samples of cotton, viscose, lyocell and modal were pretreated with steam and dry heat in the range of 100–190°C. The samples were then treated with a Trichoderma reesei cellulase preparation (total culture filtrate – TC), with mechanical agitation, at a high enzyme dosage of 75% by weight of fabric, for 8 hours. Generally, viscose proved to be easily degradable, followed by cotton and modal. The degree of hydrolysis was the least for Lyocell. Dry heat pretreatments exerted a lower influence on degradation rate than steam pretreatments which showed a distinct maximum at a steam temperature of 130°C. The hydrolysis rate varied strongly depending on treatment conditions and fibre type. Water retention values in treated substrates were changed by up to 20% of initial values.     

Cell division systems that account for the various arrangements and types of differentiated cells within the secondary phloem of conifers

There are two main types of arrangement of differentiated cells within the radial cell files of secondary phloem in conifer trees. In the C-type arrangement, characteristic of the Cupressaceae, fibre (F), parenchyma (P) and sieve (S) cells are arranged in recurrent groups, such as the “standard” cellular quartet (FSPS). In the P-type arrangement, characteristic of the Pinaceae, there are no fibres and one of the characteristic recurrent arrangements is the cellular sextet (PSSSSS). In addition, in both C-type and P-type arrangements, similar cell types are often organised into tangential bands. A simulation model, based on the theory of L-systems, was devised to account for the determination of these two types of regular and recurrent patterns of differentiated phloem cells. It was based on the supposition that, in the meristematic portion of the phloem domain, there are specific spatio-temporal patterns of periclinal cell division. When new cells are produced, those already present are displaced along the cell file, occupying a predictable number of cellular positions as a result of each round of cell division. Each cellular position is assumed to be associated with a specific value of a morphogen, such as the auxin, indole acetic acid, relevant for vascular differentiation. Using published quantitative data on the distribution auxin across the phloem, and assuming specific threshold values of auxin necessary for the determination of each cell type, it was found that sequences of F, S or P cells developed in accordance with the specific pattern of cell division and the related positional values of auxin experienced by the cells during their displacement through the immediately post-mitotic zone of cell determination. The model accounts not only for the typical C-type and P-type cellular arrangements, but also for certain variant arrangements. It provides a working example of the concepts of positional information and positional value for patterned differentiation within a developing plant tissue. There are similarities between the way groups of phloem cells develop and the differentiation of somites in the embryos of vertebrates.     

Stand characteristics and biodiversity indicators along the productivity gradient in boreal forests: Defining a critical set of indicators for the monitoring of habitat nature quality

Abstract

We quantified the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the structure and biodiversity of boreal forests on acidic soils and created a statistically supported rational set of indicators to monitor the stand “naturalness”. For that, we surveyed various traits of tree layer, understory, herb layer, forest floor and several widely accepted biodiversity epiphytic indicators in 252 old‐aged boreal stands in Estonia, mostly dominated by Scots pine or Norway spruce. Multifactorial general linear model analyses showed that many forest characteristics and potential indicators were confounded by the gradient of soil productivity (reflected by the forest site type), local biogeographic gradients and also by stand age. Considering confounding effects, boreal forests in a near‐natural state have more large‐diameter trees (diameter at breast height >40 cm) and larger variety of diameter classes, higher proportion of spruce or deciduous trees, a larger amount of coarse woody debris in various stages, a more closed tree canopy and denser understory than managed mature forests. By increasing light availability above the field layer, forest management indirectly increases the coverage of herbs and lichens on the forest floor but reduces the alpha‐ and beta‐diversity of herbs and the proportion of graminoids. Human disturbances reduce the relative incidence of many commonly accepted biodiversity indicators such as indicator lichens, woodpeckers, wood‐dwelling insects or fungi on trees. The test for the predictive power of characteristics reacting on disturbance revealed that only a fraction of them appeared to be included in a diagnostic easy‐to‐apply set of indicators to assess the nature quality of boreal forest: the amount of dead wood, the proportion of deciduous trees, the presence of specially shaped trees and woodpeckers and, as an indicator of disturbances, the forest herb Melampyrum pratensis. Many of these indicators have already been implemented in practice.     

Managing sun bears in a changing tropical landscape

Aim

Across the tropics, large‐bodied mammal species are threatened by rapid and widespread forest habitat conversion by either commercial logging or agricultural expansion. How such species use these habitats is an important area of research for guiding their future management. The tropical forest‐dwelling sun bear, Helarctos malayanus, is the least known of the eight bear species. Consequently, the IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group ranks research on this species as a top priority. This study aims to investigate landscape variables that influence sun bear habitat use in forests under varying levels of degradation and protection.

Location

A 20,998 km² Sumatra forest landscape covering Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), Batang Hari Protection Forest (BHPF) and neighbouring logging and agricultural concessions.

Methods

An occupancy‐based sampling technique using detection/non‐detection data with 10 landscape covariates was applied in six study areas that operated a total of 125 camera traps. The potential differences between habitat use (ψ) of sun bears were first modelled with broad‐scale covariates of study area, land‐use types and forest type. Sun bear habitat use was then investigated with the finer‐scale landscape features associated within these areas.

Results

From 10,935 trap nights, sun bears were recorded at altitudes ranging from 365 to 1791 m. At a broad‐scale, habitat use increased with protection status, being highest in KSNP (0.688 ± 0.092, ± SE) and BHPF (0.621 ± 0.110) compared to production (0.418 ± 0.121) and convertible (0.286 ± 0.122) forests. Within these areas, sun bears showed a preference for forest that was further from public roads and villages and at a lower elevation.

Main conclusions

The habitat suitability model identified several high‐quality habitat patches outside of the priority conservation areas for immediate protection. Consequently, conservation management strategies should emphasize the importance of high conservation value forests and prohibit further conversion of threatened lowland forests.

     

Local temperatures inferred from plant communities suggest strong spatial buffering of climate warming across Northern Europe

Recent studies from mountainous areas of small spatial extent (<2500 km²) suggest that fine‐grained thermal variability over tens or hundreds of metres exceeds much of the climate warming expected for the coming decades. Such variability in temperature provides buffering to mitigate climate‐change impacts. Is this local spatial buffering restricted to topographically complex terrains? To answer this, we here study fine‐grained thermal variability across a 2500‐km wide latitudinal gradient in Northern Europe encompassing a large array of topographic complexities. We first combined plant community data, Ellenberg temperature indicator values, locally measured temperatures (LmT) and globally interpolated temperatures (GiT) in a modelling framework to infer biologically relevant temperature conditions from plant assemblages within <1000‐m² units (community‐inferred temperatures: CiT). We then assessed: (1) CiT range (thermal variability) within 1‐km² units; (2) the relationship between CiT range and topographically and geographically derived predictors at 1‐km resolution; and (3) whether spatial turnover in CiT is greater than spatial turnover in GiT within 100‐km² units. Ellenberg temperature indicator values in combination with plant assemblages explained 46–72% of variation in LmT and 92–96% of variation in GiT during the growing season (June, July, August). Growing‐season CiT range within 1‐km² units peaked at 60–65°N and increased with terrain roughness, averaging 1.97 °C (SD = 0.84 °C) and 2.68 °C (SD = 1.26 °C) within the flattest and roughest units respectively. Complex interactions between topography‐related variables and latitude explained 35% of variation in growing‐season CiT range when accounting for sampling effort and residual spatial autocorrelation. Spatial turnover in growing‐season CiT within 100‐km² units was, on average, 1.8 times greater (0.32 °C km^?1) than spatial turnover in growing‐season GiT (0.18 °C km^?1). We conclude that thermal variability within 1‐km² units strongly increases local spatial buffering of future climate warming across Northern Europe, even in the flattest terrains.