全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6735篇 |
免费 | 351篇 |
国内免费 | 507篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 121篇 |
2022年 | 182篇 |
2021年 | 242篇 |
2020年 | 191篇 |
2019年 | 245篇 |
2018年 | 191篇 |
2017年 | 165篇 |
2016年 | 153篇 |
2015年 | 217篇 |
2014年 | 313篇 |
2013年 | 422篇 |
2012年 | 234篇 |
2011年 | 252篇 |
2010年 | 211篇 |
2009年 | 301篇 |
2008年 | 337篇 |
2007年 | 299篇 |
2006年 | 333篇 |
2005年 | 291篇 |
2004年 | 285篇 |
2003年 | 239篇 |
2002年 | 207篇 |
2001年 | 195篇 |
2000年 | 171篇 |
1999年 | 165篇 |
1998年 | 152篇 |
1997年 | 127篇 |
1996年 | 140篇 |
1995年 | 129篇 |
1994年 | 153篇 |
1993年 | 125篇 |
1992年 | 113篇 |
1991年 | 102篇 |
1990年 | 97篇 |
1989年 | 80篇 |
1988年 | 76篇 |
1987年 | 79篇 |
1986年 | 55篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 43篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有7593条查询结果,搜索用时 703 毫秒
131.
Identification of the duplicated segments in rice chromosomes 1 and 5 by linkage analysis of cDNA markers of known functions 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
N. Kishimoto H. Higo K. Abe S. Arai A. Saito K. Higo 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(6-7):722-726
We mapped two loci for ADP-ribosylation factor homologues (ARF1, ARF2) and two loci for cysteine proteinase inhibitors (oryzacystatin-I and -II: OCI, OCII) by linkage analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genomic DNAs using their cDNAs as probes.Oc-1 andArf-2 were found to be closely located to each other on chromosome 1, whileOc-2 andArf-1,both found on chromosome 5, were also located close to each other. The map distances are about 2 cM in both pairs. In each chromosome, theArf locus was located about 27 cM from that of the aldolase gene (Ald-2 in chromosome 1 andAld-1 in chromosome 5). These three genes are in the same order,Ald-Arf-Oc, but in opposite orientations relative to the distal ends of the linkage group. The presence of two sets of three linked genes on chromosomes 1 and 5 strongly suggests a structural similarity of the blocks of the two chromosomes, which probably reflects duplication of the segment. A recent investigation by other workers has shown that these rice blocks correspond to two regions in maize chromosomes 8 and 6, that have previously been shown to share many duplicated nucleotide sequences. It is therefore very likely that the duplication of the region occurred before the divergence of rice and maize during the evolution of the subfamilies of the grasses (Gramineae). In view of a recently discovered possible structural similarity between the small GTP-binding protein superfamily, which includesArf andras proteins, and the cystatin family, the close linkage ofOc andArf loci found in the present study suggests a possible cluster of genes related to the small GTP-binding proteins. 相似文献
132.
G. García-Casado R. Sánchez-Monge C. Lopez-Otín G. Salcedo 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,89(1):60-63
A new inhibitor of insect -amylase, designated RDAI-1, has been purified from rye (Secale cereale L.) endosperm. RDAI-1 is homologous to wheat homodimeric inhibitors. This homology is supported by their similar N-terminal amino-acid sequences, inhibitory activities towards amylases from Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera) and human saliva, and aggregative properties in gel-filtration chromatography. The gene encoding RDAI-1, IdhaR1, is located on the short arm of chromosome 3R, which is homoeologous with wheat chromosome arms 3BS and 3DS, where the genes for homodimeric inhibitors have been previously mapped. 相似文献
133.
Feedback control of gene expression 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
Jen Sheen 《Photosynthesis research》1994,39(3):427-438
134.
José Antonio Jarillo Juan Capel Antonio Leyva José Miguel Martínez-Zapater Julio Salinas 《Plant molecular biology》1994,25(4):693-704
We have isolated two Rare Cold-Inducible (RCI1 and RCI2) cDNAs by screening a cDNA library prepared from cold-acclimated etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana with a subtracted probe. RNA-blot hybridizations revealed that the expression of both RCI1 and RCI2 genes is induced by low temperature independently of the plant organ or the developmental stage considered. However, RCI1 mRNA accumulates faster and at higher levels than the RCI2 one indicating that these genes have differential responsiveness to cold stress. Additionally, when plants are returned to room temperature, RCI1 mRNA decreases faster than RCI2. In contrast to most of the cold-inducible plant genes characterized, the expression of RCI1 and RCI2 is not induced by ABA or water stress. The nucleotide sequences of RCI1 and RCI2 cDNAs predict two acidic polypeptides of 255 and 251 amino acids with molecular weights of 29 and 28 kDa respectively. The alignment of these polypeptides indicates that they have 181 identical amino acids suggesting that the corresponding genes have a common origin. Sequence comparisons reveal no similarities between the RCI proteins and any other cold-regulated plant protein so far described. Instead, they demonstrate that the RCI proteins are highly homologous to a family of proteins, known as 14-3-3 proteins, which are thought to be involved in the regulation of multifunctional protein kinases. 相似文献
135.
136.
The effect of GA3 on coleoptile-and first leaf elongation of tall (rht1) and semi-dwarf (Rht1) nearly-isogenic genotypes, within each of 25 random F9 wheat families, was determined on seedlings grown in a growth room at 18 °C. Conspicuous and very significant inter-family variation in the response of the first leaf to GA3 application was found in both the rht1 and Rht1 genotypes. The magnitudes of the response of the different families within genotypes to GA3 were not related to the leaf length of their untreated seedlings. It is suggested that, under given environmental conditions, background genotypic effects, inducing inter-family variation in responsiveness to GA3, regulate the elongation growth up to the limits set by the Rht alleles. 相似文献
137.
Stimulation of the Cyclic GMP Pathway by NO Induces Expression of the Immediate Early Genes c-fos and junB in PC12 Cells 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
Christelle Haby Fabrice Lisovoski Dominique Aunis Jean Zwiller 《Journal of neurochemistry》1994,62(2):496-501
Abstract: Stimulation of several second messenger pathways induces the expression of immediate early genes such as c- fos , c- jun , junB , and junD , but little is known about their induction via the stimulation of the cyclic GMP pathway. Here we looked at the expression of early genes in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells after activation of cytosolic guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside. This compound spontaneously releases NO, a molecule known to be involved in cell communication. We found that expression of c- fos and junB but not of c- jun or junD is increased upon activation of cyclic GMP pathway. c- fos mRNA expression was the most activated (fourfold at 30 min), whereas junB response was more modest (2.2-fold activation at 60 min). Nuclear extracts of stimulated cells show increased binding capacity to the AP1 binding site consistent with the dose-response curve. The activating effect of nitroprusside could be reproduced by dipyridamole, a selective cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor and by 8- p -chlorophenylthio-cyclic GMP, a permeant selective cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase activator, and abolished by KT5823, an inhibitor of that kinase. The results show that NO promotes early gene activation and AP1 binding enhancement through the stimulation of the cyclic GMP pathway. 相似文献
138.
Odile Ozier-Kalogeropoulos Marie-Thérèse Adeline Weng-Lang Yang George M. Carman François Lacroute 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1994,242(4):431-439
In the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway, CTP synthetase catalyses the conversion of uridine 5-triphosphate (UTP) to cytidine 5-triphosphate (CTP). In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the URA7 gene encoding this enzyme was previously shown to be nonessential for cell viability. The present paper describes the selection of synthetic lethal mutants in the CTP biosynthetic pathway that led us to clone a second gene, named URA8, which also encodes a CTP synthetase. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the products of URA7 and URA8 shows 78% identity. Deletion of the URA8 gene is viable in a haploid strain but simultaneous presence of null alleles both URA7 and URA8 is lethal. Based on the codon bias values for the two genes and the intracellular concentrations of CTP in strains deleted for one of the two genes, relative to the wild-type level, URA7 appears to be the major gene for CTP biosynthesis. Nevertheless, URA8 alone also allows yeast growth, at least under standard laboratory conditions. 相似文献
139.
Joanie McKeon Eric Slade Donald A. R. Sinclair Niansheng Cheng Mitchell Couling Hugh W. Brock 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1994,244(5):474-483
Mutations in severalPolycomb (Pc) group genes cause maternal-effect or zygotic segmentation defects, suggesting thatPc group genes may regulate the segmentation genes ofDrosophila. We show that individuals doubly heterozygous for mutations inpolyhomeotic and six otherPc group genes show gap, pair rule, and segment polarity segmentation defects. We examined double heterozygous combinations ofPc group and segmentation mutations for enhancement of adult and embryonic segmentation defects.Posterior
sex combs andpolyhomeotic interact withKrüppel
2 and enhance embryonic phenotypes ofhunchback andknirps, andpolyhomeotic enhanceseven-skipped. Surprisingly, flies carrying duplications ofextra sex combs (esc), that were heterozygous for mutations ofeven-skipped (eve), were extremely subvital. Embryos and surviving adults of this genotype showed strong segmentation defects in even-numbered segments. Antibody studies confirm that expression ofeve is suppressed by duplications ofesc. However,esc duplications have no effect on other gap or pair rule genes tested. To our knowledge, this is only the second triplo-abnormal phenotype associated withPc group genes. Duplications of nine otherPc group genes have no detectable effect oneve. Expression ofengrailed (en) was abnormal in the central nervous systems of mostPc group mutants. These results support a role forPc genes in regulation of some segmentation genes, and suggest thatesc may act differently from otherPc group genes. 相似文献
140.
Corné M. J. Pieterse Anne-Marie C. E. Derksen Jindra Folders Francine Govers 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1994,244(3):269-277
The ipiB and ipiO genes of the potato late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary were isolated from a genomic library in a screen for genes induced in planta. Expression of these genes was studied during pathogenesis on various host tissues and different host plants, some of which show specific resistance against P. infestans infection. During pathogenesis on leaves and tubers of the fully susceptible potato cultivar (cv.) Ajax and on leaves of the fully susceptible tomato cv. Moneymaker, the P. infestans ipiB and ipiO genes show a transient expression pattern with highest mRNA levels in the early stages of infection. During the interaction with leaves of the partially resistant potato cv. Pimpernel, the expression is also transient but accumulation and disappearance of the mRNAs is delayed. Also in P. infestans inoculated onto a race-specific resistant potato cultivar and onto the nonhost Solanum nigrum, ipiB and ipiO mRNA is detectable during the initial stages of infection. Apparently, the expression of the ipiB and the ipiO genes is activated in compatible, incompatible and nonhost interactions. In encysted zoospores, ipiB and ipiO mRNA accumulation was not detectable, but during cyst germination and appressorium formation on an artificial surface the genes are highly expressed. Expression studies in mycelium grown in vitro revealed that during nutrient starvation the expression of the ipiB and ipiO genes is induced. For ipiO gene expression, carbon deprivation appeared to be sufficient. The ipiO gene promoters contain a sequence motif that functions as a glucose repression element in yeast and this motif might be involved in the regulation of ipiO gene expression. 相似文献