全文获取类型
收费全文 | 935篇 |
免费 | 33篇 |
国内免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
1016篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 95篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2011年 | 49篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 53篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 39篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 33篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1016条查询结果,搜索用时 12 毫秒
51.
Pechurskaya TA Harnastai IN Grabovec IP Gilep AA Usanov SA 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,353(3):598-604
The interaction of adrenodoxin (Adx) and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) with human microsomal steroidogenic cytochrome P450s was studied. It is found that Adx, mitochondrial electron transfer protein, is able to support reactions catalyzed by human microsomal P450s: full length CYP17, truncated CYP17, and truncated CYP21. CPR, but not Adx, supports activity of truncated CYP19. Truncated and the full length CYP17s show distinct preference for electron donor proteins. Truncated CYP17 has higher activity with Adx compared to CPR. The alteration in preference to electron donor does not change product profile for truncated enzymes. The electrostatic contacts play a major role in the interaction of truncated CYP17 with either CPR or Adx. Similarly electrostatic contacts are predominant in the interaction of full length CYP17 with Adx. We speculate that Adx might serve as an alternative electron donor for CYP17 at the conditions of CPR deficiency in human. 相似文献
52.
In the presence of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) damage, many DNA polymerases exhibit a dual coding potential which facilitates efficient incorporation of matched dCTP or mismatched dATP. This also holds true for the insertion of 8-oxodGTP opposite template bases dC and dA. Employing single-turnover kinetic methods, we examined human DNA polymerase beta and its novel X-family homolog, human DNA polymerase lambda, to determine which nucleotide and template base was preferred when encountering 8-oxodG and 8-oxodGTP, respectively. While DNA polymerase beta preferentially incorporated dCTP over dATP, DNA polymerase lambda did not modulate a preference for either dCTP or dATP when opposite 8-oxodG in single-nucleotide gapped DNA, as incorporation proceeded with essentially equal efficiency and probability. Moreover, DNA polymerase lambda is more efficient than DNA polymerase beta to fill this oxidized single-nucleotide gap. Insertion of 8-oxodGTP by both DNA polymerases lambda and beta occurred predominantly against template dA, thereby reiterating how the asymmetrical design of the polymerase active site differentially accommodated the anti and syn conformations of 8-oxodG and 8-oxodGTP. Although the electronegative oxygen at the C8 position of 8-oxodG may induce DNA structural perturbations, human DNA ligase I was found to effectively ligate the incorporated 8-oxodGMP to a downstream strand, which sealed the nicked DNA. Consequently, the erroneous nucleotide incorporations catalyzed by DNA polymerases lambda and beta as well as the subsequent ligation catalyzed by a DNA ligase during base excision repair are a threat to genomic integrity. 相似文献
53.
Alginate lyase which was purified from the fermentation solution of marine bacteria Pseudomonas sp. HJZ216 was applied to hydrolyze algae alginate. Six oligosaccharides, including di- and trisaccharides, were isolated and purified through anion exchange chromatography. The oligosaccharide structures were elucidated based on electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 2D NMR spectra analysis. 相似文献
54.
Synthesis of (R)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile via asymmetric transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane with acetone cyanohydrin in an aqueous/organic biphasic system catalyzed by (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica seed meal was successfully carried out for the first time. The optimal volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase, buffer pH value and reaction temperature were 15% (v/v), 5.0 and 30°C, respectively, under which both substrate conversion and product enantiomeric excess (ee) were 99%. Silicon atom in the substrate showed great effect on the reaction. Acetyltrimethylsilane was a much better substrate for (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica than its carbon analogue. 相似文献
55.
The fermentative metabolism of Rhodospirillum rubrum (strain Ha, F1, S1) was studied after transfering the cells from aerobic to anaerobic dark culture conditions. Pyruvate was metabolized mainly to acetate and formate, and to a lesser extent to CO2 and propionate, by all strains. Therefore, pyruvate formate lyase would appear to be the characteristic key enzyme of the dark anaerobic fermentation metabolism in R. rubrum. Strain F1 and S1 metabolized the formate further to H2 and CO2. It is concluded that this cleavage was catalysed by a formate hydrogen lyase system. Strain Ha was unable to metabolize formate. The cleavage of formate and the synthesis of poly--hydroxy-butyric acid were increased by a low pH value (6.5). Fermentation equations and schemes of the pyruvate metabolism are discussed. 相似文献
56.
Investigating the mechanisms underlying phytoprotection by plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria in Spartina densiflora under metal stress 下载免费PDF全文
K. Paredes‐Páliz R. Rodríguez‐Vázquez B. Duarte M. A. Caviedes E. Mateos‐Naranjo S. Redondo‐Gómez M. I. Caçador I. D. Rodríguez‐Llorente E. Pajuelo 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2018,20(3):497-506
- Pollution of coasts by toxic metals and metalloids is a worldwide problem for which phytoremediation using halophytes and associated microbiomes is becoming relevant. Metal(loid) excess is a constraint for plant establishment and development, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mitigate plant stress under these conditions. However, mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. The effect of toxic metal(loid)s on activity and gene expression of ROS‐scavenging enzymes in roots of the halophyte Spartina densiflora grown on real polluted sediments in a greenhouse experiment was investigated.
- Sediments of the metal‐polluted joint estuary of Tinto and Odiel rivers and control, unpollutred samples from the Piedras estuary were collected and submitted to ICP‐OES. Seeds of S. densiflora were collected from the polluted Odiel marshes and grown in polluted and unpolluted sediments. Rhizophere biofilm‐forming bacteria were selected based on metal tolerance and inoculated to S. densiflora and grown for 4 months. Fresh or frozen harvested plants were used for enzyme assays and gene expression studies, respectively.
- Metal excess induced SOD (five‐fold increase), whereas CAT and ascorbate peroxidase displayed minor induction (twofold). A twofold increase of TBARs indicated membrane damage. Our results showed that metal‐resistant PGPR (P. agglomerans RSO6 and RSO7 and B. aryabhattai RSO25) contributed to alleviate metal stress, as deduced from lower levels of all antioxidant enzymes to levels below those of non‐exposed plants. The oxidative stress index (OSI) decreased between 50 and 75% upon inoculation.
- The results also evidenced the important role of PAL, involved in secondary metabolism and/or lignin synthesis, as a pathway for metal stress management in this halophyte upon inoculation with appropriate PGPR, since the different inoculation treatments enhanced PAL expression between 3.75‐ and five‐fold. Our data confirm, at the molecular level, the role of PGPR in alleviating metal stress in S. densiflora and evidence the difficulty of working with halophytes for which little genetic information is available.
57.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):1890-1891
The effects of the ovarian hormones progesterone and estrone on the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinamide in rats were investigated. Female rats were fed for 35 days with a 20% casein diet, or with a 20% casein diet containing 0.1% progesterone, or 0.001% estrone, or 0.1% progestrone and 0.001% estrone. The conversion ratio of tryptophan to nicotinamide on the last day of the experiment was 2% in the groups fed with the 20% casein diet and the diet containing 0.1% progesterone, but around 1.2% in the group fed with 0.001% estrone, and 0.7% in the group fed with 0.1% progesterone and 0.001% estrone. These results demonstrated that administration of ovarian hormones significantly decreased the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinamide. 相似文献
58.
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasorelaxant produced along with L-citrulline from L-arginine in a reaction catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Previous studies suggested that the recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine is essential for NO production in endothelial cells. However, there is no direct evidence demonstrating the degree to which the recycling of L-citrulline to L-arginine is coupled to NO production. We hypothesized that the amount of NO formed would be significantly higher than the amount of L-citrulline formed due to the efficiency of L-citrulline recycling via the citrulline-NO cycle. To test this hypothesis, endothelial cells were incubated with [14C]-L-arginine and stimulated by various agents to produce NO. The extent of NO and [14C]-L-citrulline formation were simultaneously determined. NO production exceeded apparent L-citrulline formation of the order of 8 to 1, under both basal and stimulated conditions. As further support, alpha-methyl-DL-aspartate, an inhibitor of argininosuccinate synthase (AS), a component of the citrulline-NO cycle, inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study provide evidence for the essential and efficient coupling of L-citrulline recycling, via the citrulline-NO cycle, to endothelial NO production. 相似文献
59.
60.