γ-氨基丁酸、荷包牡丹碱和L-谷氨酸钠对猫和家兔同侧和对侧图形视觉诱发电位的影响

在猫和家兔大脑半球一侧视区17/18交界处施加γ—氨基丁酸(GABA)、荷包牡丹碱和L—谷氨酸钠,以及用氯化钾和冷冻阻遏的方法,记录对侧和同侧皮层相应处图形视觉诱发电位(PVEP)的变化。讨论了GABA、荷包牡丹碱和L—谷氨酸钠对猫和兔的对侧和同侧PVEP的影响。     

美洲蜚蠊机械感受器输出信号的计算机分析

对蜚蠊单个机械感受器诱发反应峰电位的历程及幅度,使用系列分析、栅分析、时序分布、累加密度函数、栅—频分析、特征参数的伪三维隐线显示、峰电位幅度概率密度函数、峰电位间隔概率密度函数等分析方法,获得较多的神经信号间隔编码信息,以揭示刺激和反应之间的复杂关系。峰电位间隔和栅—频分析图由函数经曲线拟合后,分别求得描述其动态过程的时间常数τ_1,τ_2和τ_3,应用上述多种分析显示方法,使研究者更为直观地观察和定量描述刺激—反应间的动态关系。     

Functional morphology of the asterionic region in extant hominoids and fossil hominids

Asterionic sutural patterns in Plio-Pleistocene hominid crania have never been examined in detail. We present an analysis of this anatomical region in Australopithecus and Homo and relate different sutural patterns to functional changes in the masticatory apparatus. The great apes and A. afarensis share the common adult higher primate sutural pattern referred to as the "asterionic notch," which develops in response to the hypertrophy of posterior temporalis muscle fibers and the consequent formation of compound temporal/nuchal crests. This sutural configuration also appears to be present on the early Homo cranium KNM-ER 1805. In contrast, adult male A. boisei crania exhibit a unique pattern where the temporal squama overlaps the parietal which, in turn, overlaps the par mastoidea and the upper scale of the occipital bone. We relate this arrangement to the need to reinforce the rear of a thin-walled braincase against the net tensile forces exerted by the temporalis and nuchal muscles. The common juvenile hominoid edge-to-edge asterionic articulation is maintained in adult A. africanus, A. robustus, female A. boisei, and most Homo crania. We discuss the latter pattern in regard to anterior temporalis hypertrophy in A. africanus, A. robustus, and A. boisei and to craniofacial paedomorphosis in Homo.     

Microwave radiation absorption in the rat: frequency-dependent SAR distribution in body and tail

Experiments were conducted using twin-well calorimetry to determine the averaged whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) for rat carcasses exposed to 360, 700, 915, and 2,450 MHz CW radiation in an anechoic chamber. All exposures were done with the long axis of the rat in an E-polarization. Additional experiments were conducted using a fiber optical temperature probe to determine local SAR in the brain, esophagus, colon, rectum, and tail during microwave exposure. The whole-body averaged SAR for the radiation frequencies examined follows a nonmonotonic function with 700 MHz as the resonant frequency. This result agrees with previous analytical estimates. Local SARs within the body and tail are nonuniform with significant frequency-specific hotspots in the colon, rectum, and tail.     

紫胶虫最佳生长地的植被条件分析

本文在对紫胶产区进行调查的基础上,分析了云南紫胶虫最佳生长地的植被条件、对其中的四种群落类型从植物种类成分、群落结构和群落生态等方面进行分析。根据丰富的寄主资源和有利于紫胶虫越冬的气候条件指出“暖热性稀树灌草丛”及“河谷季雨林次生林和灌丛”是云南紫胶虫及其主要寄主植物的适生类型。本文在总结紫胶产区的经验基础上,提出了开发利用的意见和改造的措施。     

Biomass and production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus,a tropical calanoid copepod in Broa Reservoir,southern Brazil

The biomass and the production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars), the most abundant copepod in Broa Reservoir (São Carlos, São Paulo State), were estimated, determining in the laboratory the development time and the quantity of organic carbon and establishing the relationship between these two parameters. The daily production was calculated from P = B(1- e^gt) and the annual production was obtained by integrating daily production against time. The maximum production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus in the reservoir depends on the region considered and on the period of the year. The maximum production was 45.15 mg C m^–3d^–1 in March, 1976 at station II, region of macrophytes and 6.74 mg C m^–3d^–1 at station IV, near the dam. The mean production for the year is 6.26 mg C m^–3d^–1 at station II and 1.43 mg C m^–3d^–1 at station IV.     

Formation of the ventral hooks on the sperm head of the plains mouse,Pseudomys australis

The sperm head of the plains mouse, Pseudomys australis, has three curved hooks projecting from its anterior margin. The two ventral hooks have previously been shown to consist largely of an extension of the subacrosomal material. To characterize further the structure and composition of the ventral hooks, we have examined their formation during spermiogenesis using transmission electron microscopy, silver staining, and actin localization with NBD-phallacidin. The ventral hooks develop as an extension of the perinuclear space and postacrosomal dense lamina on the anteroventral margin of the sperm head. Bundles of 6-nm-thick filaments appear in the core of each hook; these are probably actin filaments based on staining of the hooks with NBD-phallacidin. Just prior to spermiation, electron-dense material condenses in the core of the ventral hooks and concurrently in the perinuclear space in the remainder of the sperm head. The two ventral hooks thus appear to consist of a core of perinuclear material and actin filaments, which is enclosed by a continuation of the postacrosomal dense lamina.     

Some factors affecting spore replication of Nosema algerae (Microspora,Nosematidae) in Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera)

The production of Nosema algerae spores was examined in Pieris brassicae. Spore replication in the insect host followed a logistic pattern of development. The factors studied which affected spore production and replication were dose level (5 × 10², 5 × 10³, and 5 × 10⁴ spores per insect), larval instar (fourth and fifth), and cool pretreatment of the insects at 20°C prior to inoculation compared with a constant temperature of 26°C. A three-way analysis showed the interactions between these factors. The logistic pattern of spore replication was used to explain the results.