Higher amounts of anthocyanins and UV-absorbing compounds effectively lowered CPD photorepair in purple rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Growth of a near‐isogenic line (NIL) for the purple leaf gene Pl of rice with a genetic background of Taichung 65 (T‐65) rice was significantly retarded by supplementary ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐B), despite the fact that the amounts of UV‐absorbing compounds and anthocyanins in NIL were significantly higher than those in T‐65. In order to understand the role of flavonoids in UV‐B induced damage protection in T‐65 and the NIL, both the (1) relationships between changes in the steady state of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) levels and changes in accumulation of anthocyanins and UV‐absorbing compounds in leaves with leaf age, and (2) the susceptibility to CPD induction by UV‐B radiation and the ability to photorepair CPD were examined. Although supplementary UV‐B elevated the steady state of CPD levels in leaves in both strains, the level in the leaf of the NIL was higher than that in T‐65 at any time. The susceptibility to CPD induction by short‐term (challenge) UV‐B exposure was lower in the NIL than in T‐65. On the other hand, the CPD photorepair was also lower in the leaves of the NIL than in those of T‐65. The decrease in CPD‐photorepair in the NIL was due to a lowering of the leaf‐penetrating blue/UV‐A radiation, which is effective for photoreactivation by photolyase, by anthocyanins. Thus, accumulation of anthocyanins and UV‐absorbing compounds did not effectively function as screening against damage caused by elevated UV‐B radiation in the NIL, and the retardation of growth in the NIL resulted from its lower ability to photorepair CPD by higher amounts of anthocyanins.     

Physiological impact of salinity increase at organism and red blood cell levels in the European flounder (Platichthys flesus)

Blood respiratory, acid-base, and ionic changes in response to hyperosmotic shock were studied in vivo and in vitro in the European flounder. One primary aim was to evaluate regulatory changes in red blood cell (RBC) volume and its interrelationship with blood O₂ transporting properties. An acute increase in the ambient salinity from 10 to 30 ppt caused small but significant increases in extracellular osmolality (<20 mosM kg⁻¹), [Na⁺], and [Cl⁻], which were corrected within 48 h. RBC volume was not significantly changed 3 h after the in vivo exposure to elevated salinity. A small metabolic acidosis was fully developed within 3 h, and this acidosis seemed responsible for a modest decrease in blood O₂ affinity (i.e., increased P₅₀-O₂ tension at 50% O₂ saturation). RBC organic phosphates were unchanged. In vitro elevation of whole blood extracellular osmolality by 60 mosM kg⁻¹ caused immediate RBC shrinkage. The subsequent regulatory volume increase (RVI) showed a graded dependency on blood O₂ saturation (S_O2). At S_O2 values of 0% and 20%, there were full RBC volume recoveries within 120 min, RVI was partial at S_O2 values of 45% and 55%, and RVI was absent at a S_O2 of 100%. S_O2 and P₅₀ did not change significantly during RBC shrinkage and RVI. Thus, the up-concentration of cellular haemoglobin and organic phosphates in hyperosmotically shrunken RBCs had minimal influence on blood O₂ transporting properties. The degree of cell shrinkage and time needed for RVI were positively correlated with the magnitude of the rise in extracellular osmolality. The RVI proceeded via elevation of cellular [Na⁺], [Cl⁻], and to some extent also [K⁺]. Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are only needed to correct minor volume disturbances in vivo, because changes in extracellular osmolality were limited by an efficient osmotic regulation at the epithelial interface between extracellular compartment and environment.     

2013 年美国仿制药市场发展动态（II）

报告介绍了2013 年第4 季度各国获得简化新药申请（ANDA）批准、《药品管理档案》（DMF）申报、遭遇专利挑战的情况，以及生物仿制药市场、仿制药行业交易和相关仿制药企业的进展。     

Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the Bacillus subtilis K trp B Gene Encoding Tryptophan Synthase β-Subunit

When defatted soy milk was ultracentrifuged, 34kDa allergenic soybean protein Gly m Bd 30 К was more abundant in the precipitate than in the supernatant by an SDS-PAGE analysis. The addition of more than 10 тм of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) to the soy milk resulted not only in further removal of the 34 kDa allergenic protein to the precipitate, but also in better recovery of conglycinin in the supernatant.

After a two-dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis (the first dimension, minus 2-ME; the second, plus 2-ME) of the precipitates, superimposition between the CBB-stained gel and the electroblotted membrane stained with a monoclonal antibody specific to Gly m Bd 30 К indicated that part of Gly m Bd 30 К was preferentially bound to the a’- and a-subunits of conglycinin, and that part of them had formed the dimer through a disulfide bond.     

Effects of Inositol Deficiency on Respiratory and Fermentative Activities of Inositol-exacting Yeast,Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Inositol deficiency of Schizosaccharomyces pombe did not induce significant change of contents of various cellular components except for phospholipids and inositol. The most remarkable decrease in inositol content by the deficiency occurred in the mitochondrial fraction. Electronmicroscopic observation of the inositol-deficient cells of Sch. pombe showed no remarkable thickening of cell wall as occurred in the inositol-exacting mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain A–21–20.

Marked loss of fermentative activity under the aerobic condition was caused from inositol deficiency without significant change of activities of respiration and anaerobic fermentation. This seemed to indicate elevated regulatory control of the fermentative activity by oxygen in the inositol-deficient Sch. pombe.

Phosphorylative activities of intact cells and the isolated mitochondria coupled with oxidation was also remarkably suppressed by inositol deficiency.     

Pollen allergen reports help to understand preseason symptoms

Early symptoms of pollen allergies arefrequently reported before pollination periodof allergenic plant starts. At northernlatitudes the main concern is Betulaceae-trees(alders, hazel, birches). Pollen allergeninformation, based on the analysis of actualairborne allergen concentrations, beside thetraditional pollen reports, based on pollencounts, has been given in SW Finland since1998. 1–2 weeks before the onset of floweringpollen allergens are detected airborne inquantities high enough to provoke symptoms.Information is given on radio and in localnewspapers. During the first season of the newservice (1998) we carried out a questionnairestudy. The results showed that new informationservice, though not as frequently used as wehad hoped for, was useful to allergic personsfor starting their medication in time. Theyalso received explanation for their earlierinexplicable symptoms. We recommend bothinformation services to be run concurrently togive the best information to the public.     

Androgen levels and social interactions in breeding males of the peacock blenny

Nest-holder male Salaria pavo have lower circulating concentrations of 11-ketotestosterone (KT) at the beginning of the breeding season than at its peak. At that peak density of nesting males was higher as were the number of visits of sneaker males to nests and of agonistic interactions between nest-holders and sneaker males. There was no difference between the two dates either in the frequency of male-male interactions or in the frequency of courtship episodes. Thus, higher plasma levels in nest-holders might be explained by a more intense sneaking pressure at the peak of the breeding season. At that peak, nest-holders had higher plasma levels of KT and a higher testosterone (T) to KT metabolization index in the gonads than did floater males. Both nest-holders and floaters had higher levels of KT and T in the testicular gland than in the testis. The levels of both androgens in the testicular gland, but not in the testis, were correlated with circulating concentrations of KT. These results suggest that the testicular gland is the major source of circulating KT in blenniids. Nest-holders had higher metabolization indexes than floaters both in the testis and in the testicular gland, which suggests that nest holding status promotes the conversion of T into KT.     

The psychoactive substance of cannabis Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) negatively regulates CFTR in airway cells

Background

Marijuana consumption is on the rise in the US but the health benefits of cannabis smoking are controversial and the impact of cannabis components on lung homeostasis is not well-understood. Lung function requires a fine regulation of the ion channel CFTR, which is responsible for fluid homeostasis and mucocilliary clearance. The goal of this study was to assess the effect that exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive substance present in marijuana, has on CFTR expression and function.

选择性支气管动脉插管转铁蛋白受体单克隆抗体灌注治疗中晚期肺癌(附68例临床报告)

本文对68例中晚期肺癌进行选择性支气管动脉插管采用转铁蛋白受体单克隆抗体与表阿霉素、顺伯等药物制成偶联物灌注。结果显示,肿瘤明显消退24例(35.2％),部分消退36例(52.5％),无变化8例(12.3％),总有效率为87.7％。通过对支气管动脉插管,导向灌注疗法结果显示,本疗法优于周围静脉供药,且无严重并发症,副作用轻,不失为一种可供选择的治疗方法。