35 岁以下年轻乳腺癌患者的临床特征及预后因素分析

目的:探讨年轻乳腺癌患者的临床病理特点及影响其预后的相关因素。方法:选取潍坊市人民医院2005年11月至2011年11月收治的年龄不高于35岁的137例年轻乳腺癌患者的临床资料,其中共有116例入组,初步分析年轻乳腺癌患者的临床病理特征及对预后产生的影响。结果:116例患者中位随访时间为46.0个月。3年OS和PFS为94.6%和79.1%。单因素、多因素分析结果显示淋巴结转移情况和Ki67水平与预后的显著相关(P0.05),淋巴结转数目、Ki67水平与预后呈负相关。结论:年轻乳腺癌患者的生物学行为、病理及预后较为特殊。淋巴结转移情况、Ki67水平是影响预后的关键因素。     

乳腺MRI 与乳腺X线在导管原位癌临床诊断中应用的比较研究

目的:探讨乳腺MRI与乳腺X线检查在导管原位癌(DCIS)诊断中的应用价值。方法:选择2012年5月至2014年9月在我院接受诊治的乳腺DCIS患者52例(58个病灶)为研究对象,对所有患者进行乳腺MRI及X线检查,以病理检查结果作为金标准,比较乳腺MRI及X线检查在导管原位癌(DCIS)诊断中的应用价值。结果:58个病灶中,乳腺MRI共检查出阳性54例,阴性4例,其中误诊或漏诊4例;乳腺X线共检查出阳性49例,阴性9例,其中误诊或漏诊11例。乳腺MRI检查的灵敏度和准确度均显著高于乳腺X线,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。此外,乳腺MRI检查的特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均分别高于乳腺X线,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:乳腺MRI检查对DCIS的诊断价值较高,具有广泛的应用前景,但亦存在少数误诊或漏诊。     

人巨细胞病毒感染与乳腺癌关系的研究进展

人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)是β疱疹病毒家族成员,全世界70%以上人口感染过该病毒。HCMV通常以潜伏感染形式存在于宿主体内,并产生了逃避宿主免疫系统识别和清除等多种能力,可通过表达HCMV基因及蛋白发挥肿瘤调节作用,干扰细胞代谢过程,促进肿瘤的发生和发展。乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,而HCMV在非肿瘤和乳腺癌患者乳腺上皮细胞中的阳性检出率较高,同时有研究表明晚期暴露于HCMV可引起乳腺癌。近期新型抗HCMV药物对乳腺癌靶向治疗的临床有效性也再次提示,HCMV可能与乳腺癌的发生和发展密切相关。本文主要综述了HCMV的致癌潜能及其与乳腺癌发生和发展的潜在关联。     

保乳手术联合放射治疗84例乳腺癌患者临床疗效观察

目的:观察保乳手术联合放射治疗乳腺癌患者临床疗效。方法:选取我院收治的乳腺癌患者84例,均采取保乳手术联合放射治疗,观察临床疗效。结果:所有患者手术均获得成功,84例乳腺癌患者均在出院后进行随访,平均随访时间(2.1±0.4)年,各项检查未发现复发迹象。在放疗的期间内,乳房出现刺痛、发痒的不适患者20例,皮肤色素沉着、红斑的患者37例,在治疗后发生湿性脱皮患者10例,放射性食管炎患者8例;在放疗结束1个月,出现反射性肺炎患者2例。手术及放疗后,患者乳房的美容效果中优秀患者49例,良好患者29例,较差患者6例;行肿瘤扩大切除术患者优秀率高于行象限切除术患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:保乳手术联合放疗可保证治疗效果,同时降低并发症的发生,有利于美观,是一种优秀的乳腺癌治疗方法。     

Unintended irradiation of internal mammary chain – Is that enough?

Aim

To evaluate the unintentional coverage of the internal mammary chain (IMC) with tangential fields irradiation to the breast, and its relation with the type of surgery employed.

Background

The dose distribution in regions adjacent to the treatment targets (mammary gland or chest wall), with incidental irradiation of the IMC, could translate into clinical benefit, due to the proximity of these regions.

Materials and methods

One hundred and twelve consecutive conformal radiotherapy plans were correlating the average dose to the IMC with the type of surgery employed, the extent of disease and the irradiation techniques.

Results

The mean doses to IMC after modified radical mastectomy (MRM), modified radical mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (MRM + R), and breast conservative surgery (BCS) were 30.34 Gy, 30.26 Gy, and 18.67 Gy, respectively. Significant differences were identified between patients who underwent MRM or MRM + R over BCS (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively), but not between MRM and MRM + R (p = 0.88). Mean doses to IMC were greater in patients with T3–T4 tumors when compared with more initial stages (≤T2) (p = 0.0096). The lymph node involvement also correlated with higher average doses to IMC (node positive: 26.1 Gy × node negative: 17.8 Gy, p = 0.0017).

Conclusions

The moderate dose level to the IMC in the unintentional irradiation scenario seems to be insufficient to treat the subclinical disease, although it could have an impact in patients undergoing mastectomy.     

Hyaluronic acid modified pH-sensitive liposomes for targeted intracellular delivery of doxorubicin

Context: Surface-modified pH-sensitive liposomal system may be useful for intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutics.

Objective: Achieving site-specific targeting with over-expressed hyaluronic acid (HA) receptors along with using pH sensitive liposome carrier for intracellular drug delivery was the aim of this study.

Materials and methods: Stealth HA-targeted pH-sensitive liposomes (SL-pH-HA) were developed and evaluated to achieve effective intracellular delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) vis–a-vis enhanced antitumor activity.

Results: The in vitro release studies demonstrated that the release of DOX from SL-pH-HA was pH-dependent, i.e. faster at mildly acidic pH ～5, compared to physiological pH ～7.4. SLpH-HA was evaluated for their cytotoxicity potential on CD44 receptor expressing MCF-7 cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SL-pH-HA and SL-HA were about 1.9 and 2.5?μM, respectively, after 48?h of incubation. The quantitative uptake study revealed higher localization of targeted liposomes in the receptor positive cells, which was further confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. The antitumor efficacy of the DOX-loaded HA-targeted pH-sensitive liposomes was also verified in a tumor xenograft mouse model.

Discussion: DOX was efficiently delivered to the tumor site by active targeting via HA and CD44 receptor interaction. The major side-effect of conventional DOX formulation, i.e. cardiotoxicity was also estimated by measuring serum enzyme levels of LDH and CPK and found to be minimized with developed formulation. Overall, HA targeted pH-sensitive liposomes were significantly more potent than the non-targeted liposomes in cells expressing high levels of CD44.

Conclusion: Results strongly implies the promise of such liposomal system as an intracellular drug delivery carrier developed for potential anticancer treatment.     

BI-RADS 3级对乳腺病灶患者的诊断结果及影响因素分析

目的:回顾性分析超声BI-RADS 3级对乳腺病灶患者的诊断结果及影响因素。方法:选择2014年8月至2017年8月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院和复旦大学附属华山医院北院收治的168例乳腺病灶患者,回顾性分析其影像学资料及病理分析结果。分析BI-RADS 3级对乳腺病灶的阴性诊断率,采用Kim分级对BI-RADS 3级结果进行重新分级,分析影响BI-RADS分级及重新分级的主要因素。结果:168例BI-RADS 3级乳腺病灶中,159例为良性病变,9例为恶性。168例BI-RADS 3级乳腺病灶的阳性预测值为5.4%(9/168),阴性预测值为94.6%(159/168)。病灶数目、年龄、医师年资、病灶大小对BI-RADS 3级良恶性乳腺病灶判断无明显影响,而BI-RADS 3级恶性乳腺病灶较良性病灶更易触诊(P 0.05)。重新分级发现,124例仍为BI-RADS 3级,44例上升至BI-RADS 4级,重新分级恶性病灶的检出率为100%(9/9),假阳性率为20.8%(35/168)。病灶多发、年龄≥40岁更可能评估为BI-RADS 4级(P0.05),医师年资、病灶大小、病灶触及情况对重新分级无明显影响(P0.05)。结论:BI-RADS 3级对乳腺良性病灶有较高的阴性诊断率,重新分级可提高乳腺恶性病灶的检出率,但会造成较高的假阳性率,影响BI-RADS分级的主要因素为病灶可否扪及,影响重新分级的主要因素为患者年龄及乳腺病灶是否多发。     

超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:探讨超声联合钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm的乳腺癌诊断价值。方法:选择我院2012年1月至2017年12月收治的66例乳腺疾病患者,所有患者术前均经钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声检查,分析其病理结果,分析钼靶X线、彩色多普勒超声及二者联合对乳腺肿块的检查结果(边缘毛刺征、血管、淋巴结、微小钙化),比较其对乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果:66例患者中,经病理检查发现恶性肿瘤34例,良性肿瘤32例。与病理检测相比,彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺肿块的良恶性检出率无差异性(P0.05),而彩色多普勒超声,钼靶X线的良恶性检出率均显著降低(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线良恶性检出率对比无差异(P0.05),但均低于彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的检出率(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对乳腺癌的边缘毛刺征的检出率对比无统计学意义(P0.05);彩色多普勒超声对血管和淋巴结的检出率明显高于钼靶X线,而微小钙化的检出率明显低于钼靶X线,对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X线的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于彩色多普勒超声及钼靶X线(P0.05),钼靶X线及彩色多普勒超声间对比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声与钼靶X线对直径小于1 cm乳腺癌的诊断各有优势,二者联合应用的诊断价值优于单一诊断方法。     

妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者的预后情况及其影响因素分析

目的:分析妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者的预后情况及其影响因素。方法:将2010年1月至2012年12月期间贵州省贵阳市妇幼保健院、贵州省医科大学和贵州省肿瘤医院收治的妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者60例作为研究组,选择同期收治的非妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者60例作为对照组,比较两组5年生存率和临床病理特征,并应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析患者预后的影响因素。结果:研究组5年生存率为61.67%(37/60),5年无病生存率为46.67%(28/60),均低于对照组的81.67%(49/60),73.33%(44/60)(P0.05)。研究组肿瘤最大直径、腋淋巴结转移率、TNM分期为III期的比例、雌激素受体阳性率、Ki67细胞阳性率≥20%的比例均高于对照组(P0.05),两组孕激素受体阳性率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。单因素分析显示妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者总生存期与肿瘤最大直径、TNM分期、Ki67细胞阳性率≥20%的比例、腋淋巴结转移率有关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,TNM分期为III期、Ki67细胞阳性率≥20%、腋淋巴结转移是影响妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:妊娠哺乳期乳腺癌患者的预后较差,TNM分期为III期、Ki67细胞阳性率≥20%、腋淋巴结转移是影响患者预后的危险因素,对于临床防治具有重要的启示作用。