逆行可膨胀髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的:探讨比较运用逆行可膨胀髓内钉与股骨远端锁定钢板治疗股骨远端33A、33C1型骨折的疗效。方法:对2013年3月至2015年6月收治并符合纳入标准的43例股骨远端33A、33C1型骨折患者进行回顾性研究。按照不同的手术固定方式分为逆行可膨胀髓内钉组(n=18)和锁定钢板组(n=25),记录并比较两组手术时间、失血量、愈合时间及功能结果、术中及术后并发症。结果:所有骨折最终都获得愈合;逆行可膨胀髓内钉组在手术时间及失血量上都显著低于锁定钢板组,两组在愈合时间及功能评定方面无明显差异;5例开放性骨折的患者中1例出现浅表伤口感染,1例患者延迟愈合。结论:股骨远端逆行可膨胀髓内钉在获得与锁定钢板相当的骨折愈合时间及患肢功能的情况下,具有操作简单、手术时间短、失血量少等特点,对于股骨远端33A、33C1型骨折来说是一个较好的选择。     

强骨胶囊对老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合患者血清BMP-2 及IGF-1水平的影响

目的:探究强骨胶囊对老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合患者血清骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)及胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的影响。方法:选择我院收治的股骨近端骨折延迟愈合的老年患者41例,随机分为实验组及对照组。对照组19例予钙片;实验组22例予强骨胶囊。对比两组的临床疗效及治疗前后血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平的改变。结果:实验组总有效率(95.5%)高于对照组(78.9%),差异具备统计学意义(P0.05)。两组血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),且实验组血清BMP-2和IGF-1水平较对照组高(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆粘度均下降、骨密度值(BMD)均升高(P0.05);与对照组相较,实验组血浆粘度降低、BMD较高(P0.05)。结论:强骨胶囊能够有效改善老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合,促进骨折断端的愈合,推测其机制与增加患者血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平有关。     

乳腺癌体外骨转移瘤3D模型的建立

目的:构建乳腺癌体外骨转移瘤3D模型。方法:新生CD-1小鼠的颅骨单独孵育为正常组,新生CD-1小鼠的颅骨与MDA-MB-231细胞低氧共孵育四天为模型组。通过扫描电镜(SEM)鉴定骨转移瘤模型,中性红染色法鉴定骨组织中的破骨细胞,硝酸银复染法观察骨的溶解,结晶紫染色法观察骨转移瘤模型中肿瘤细胞的生长。结果:正常组骨表面光滑完整;模型组骨组织表面黏附大量肿瘤细胞,破骨细胞活性增强,产生严重的溶骨,表面出现骨陷窝,骨纤维发生断裂。结论:成功建立了乳腺癌骨转移瘤体外3D模型,该模型能够模拟体内骨转移瘤微环境。     

弹性髓内钉和钢板固定对儿童股骨干中段骨折的疗效比较

目的:观察并比较弹性髓内钉(ESIN)与钢板固定(PF)治疗儿童股骨干中段骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年2月至2016年12月我院收治的股骨干中段骨折患儿90例,依据治疗方法不同分为ESIN组和PF组。ESIN组(n=45)采用弹性髓内钉固定,PF组(n=45)采用钢板固定,比较两组患者手术时间、手术切口、术中失血量、术后切口引流量等手术指标,随访评估患者住院时间、完全负重时间、骨折愈合时间;按Flynn评定标准比较两组患者的最终治疗结果。结果:两组患者术中失血量、术后引流量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),ESIN组患者手术切口显著小于PF组(P0.05),手术时间、透视时间、完全负重时间均显著短于PF组(P0.05),临床疗效明显优于PF组(P0.05)。结论:与钢板固定比较,弹性髓内钉在手术时间、透视时间显著短于钢板固定,临床疗效明显优于钢板固定,可作为儿童股骨干骨折内固定的首选材料。     

9 例盖氏骨折术后骨不连合并下尺桡关节炎的疗效分析

目的:探讨手术治疗盖氐骨折术后骨不连合并下尺桡关节炎的方法和临床疗效。方法:对2010年1月至2015年6月收治的9例盖氐骨折术后骨不连合并下尺桡关节炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,评价其骨不连愈合率、前臂旋转活动度,采用DASH问卷评估上肢功能,记录术中及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:9例患者随访13-78个月,平均45.4个月所有骨不连在24周都获得愈合,愈合时间12-24周;术后前臂旋转功能平均115.56±26.74°,显著高于术前(P0.01);而DASH评分从术前48.56±8.71分降至20.11±8.08分(P0.05);根据Anderson前臂功能评分标准,优2例,良5例,中2例,优良率为77.8%所有患者均对手术效果十分满意。结论:尺骨头切除术联合桡骨切开植骨内固定术操作简单有效,可显著改善盖氐骨折术后骨不连合并下尺桡关节炎患者的上肢功能。     

Atypical femoral fracture in a metastatic bone disease patient six months after discontinuation of denosumab received sequentially to previous bisphosphonate therapy - A case report

Although, both bisphosphonates and denosumab are effective in reducing the risk of skeletal-related events in patients with metastatic bone disease, many concerns were being raised about the possible association between their use and atypical femoral fractures. A case of an atypical femoral fracture in a metastatic bone disease patient, six months after discontinuation of long-term zoledronic acid therapy and sequential treatment with denosumab is reported. After extensive laboratory and imaging examination, the fracture was classified as atypical and it was finally treated with discontinuation of denosumab, long cephalomedullary interlocking nailing and vitamin D administration. Sequential treatment with bisphosphonates and denosumab in patients with metastatic bone disease, may lead to an overlapping treatment effect, increasing bone suppression and the risk of atypical femoral fracture. In addition, discontinuation of denosumab may activate bone remodeling units in an area with microdamage accumulation in cortical bone caused by the previous bone suppression from the antiresorptive treatment. The activation of bone remodeling units may accelerate the occurrence of the atypical femoral fractures.     

Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their bone regeneration potential

In orthopedics, tissue engineering approach using stem cells is a valid line of treatment for patients with bone defects. In this context, mesenchymal stromal cells of various origins have been extensively studied and continue to be a matter of debate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow are already clinically applied, recent evidence suggests that one may use mesenchymal stromal cells from extra-embryonic tissues, such as amniotic fluid, as an innovative and advantageous resource for bone regeneration. The use of cells from amniotic fluid does not raise ethical problems and provides a sufficient number of cells without invasive procedures. Furthermore, they do not develop into teratomas when transplanted, a consequence observed with pluripotent stem cells. In addition, their multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties make them ideal candidates for bone regenerative medicine. We here present an overview of the features of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their potential in the osteogenic differentiation process. We have examined the papers actually available on this regard, with particular interest in the strategies applied to improve in vitro osteogenesis. Importantly, a detailed understanding of the behavior of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their osteogenic ability is desirable considering a feasible application in bone regenerative medicine.     

Validation of the ‘Marburg bone bank system’ for thermodisinfection of allogenic femoral head transplants using selected bacteria, fungi, and spores

The Marburg Bone Bank System 'Lobator sd-2' is widely used to process human femoral heads removed during aseptic surgery by thermal disinfection. The inactivating capacity of the thermodisinfection system was validated in compliance with current standards using a newly developed femoral head model. The following micro-organisms, bacteria and fungi, taken from the American Type Culture Collection were investigated: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis including spores, Clostridium sporogenes, Mycobacterium terrae, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger spores. Highly enriched suspensions of these micro-organisms were applied to the centre of the femoral heads. The reduction in the number of micro-organisms was determined by counting the colony-forming units (cfu) before and after processing the spiked test device in the 'Lobator sd-2' system.Vegetative bacteria, fungi and fungal spores were completely inactivated (reduction factor >/=6 log(10)). The numbers of B. subtilis and C. sporogenes spores, both known to be heat-resistant, were reduced by one to two orders of magnitude. These bacteria serve as a model for spore forming pathogens which are not relevant in femoral heads from living donors. By processing human femoral heads from living donors by thermal disinfection using the Marburg Bone Banking system, a high level of safety is achieved regarding clinically relevant pathogens. To further increase the safety of the thermally treated femoral heads, we recommend that the medical history and present state of the donor, as well as the necessary serological tests should be taken into account.     

福建三明船帆洞旧石器遗址

船帆洞旧石器遗址可分为上、下两个文化层。在下文化层发现一处人工石铺地面遗存。出土石制品 30 0余件 ,同层出土的哺乳动物化石包括巨貘、中国犀和鬣狗 3个绝灭种 ,其年代应属旧石器时代晚期。上文化层出土物以打制石器与磨制骨、角器共存为主要文化特征 ,其时代应晚于下文化层 ,可能仍属旧石器时代。