Sphaerospora epinepheli N. Sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) Observed in Grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus)

Sphaerospora epinepheli n. sp. is described from grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus , in cage-cultured and wild fish collected from both coastal lines of southern Thailand. Subspherical to spherical spores and mono- or disporous pseudoplasmodia were observed in the lumen of kidney tubules. Pseudoplasmodia were round to elongate, size range 15.6–22.9 μm (length) × 8.4–21.6 μm (width). Spores were 7.8–10.0 μm (length) × 12.3–14.5 μm (thickness), and 7.0–9.5 μm (width) with two spherical polar capsules of equal size measuring 2.9–4.4 μm in diameter and containing polar filaments with six or seven windings. Two uninucleate sporoplasms showed iodine vacuoles. Blood stages, similar to C-blood protozoans observed from freshwater fish in Europe, were found from peripheral blood smears of grouper. Ultrastructural studies of blood stages showed a similar structure to unidentified mobile protozoans from the blood of carp. Electron dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of the primary cell blood stages. Infected proximal-tubular epithelial cells showed highly vacuolated cytoplasm and pycnotic nuclei.     

血管内照射（He－Ne）对患者外周血淋巴细胞中凋亡细胞（PCD）的影响

本文报道了用氦氖激光血管内照射（ＩＬＩＢ）治疗九例患者过程中,应用流式细胞仪检测外周血淋巴细胞中凋亡细胞的发生,结果提示,照射后凋亡细胞百分率为（６．４３±５．０７％）与照射前比较（０．３８±０．５３％）,ｐ＜０．０５。     

Energy metabolism and ATP free-energy change of the intertidal wormSipunculus nudus below a critical temperature

The intertidal wormSipunculus nudus was exposed to various temperatures for an analysis of the integrated changes in energy and acid-base status. Animals were incubated in sea water or maintained for up to 8 days at 4 and 0°C while dwelling in the sediment. Cannulation of the animals prior to experimentation allowed the analysis of blood gas parameters ( , and pH). fell to 0 torr within 8 days at 0°C. A simultaneous reduction of ventilatory activity was derived from measurements of the pattern of coelomic fluid pressure changes associated with ventilatory movements. The increase in and an onset of anaerobic metabolism, indicated by the accumulation of end products like acetate and propionate both in the coelomic fluid and the body wall musculature, led to the development of a progressive acidosis and a deviation from the alphastat regulation of intracellular pH seen in unburied animals. The drop in intracellular pH together with the depletion of the adenylates and the phosphagen, phospho-l-arginine, reflect a significant decrease in the Gibb's free-energy change of ATP hydrolysis. These changes are interpreted to indicate lethal cold injuries, because recovery was not possible when the animals were returned to 12°C after more than 2 days of exposure to 0°C. A low critical temperature indicating the onset of cold-induced anaerobiosis is concluded to exist below 4°C owing to the insufficient response of the ventilatory system to the developing hypoxia.     

Schistosoma mansoni: Cercarial degradation of a radioactively labeled collagen gel

The apparent penetration activity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae was quantified by means of an in vitro assay with a radioactively labeled Type I collagen gel. Both live cercariae and cercarial preacetabular gland secretions degraded the collagen. The addition of skin lipid or linoleic acid to the gel surface enhanced the degradation by live cercariae.     

Blood supply of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in rat

Summary The topographical distribution of the blood vessels in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (NIST) has been mapped in rats. Arteries and veins were visualized in red and blue by using a double-ink perfusion technique. Arteries supplying the NIST arise from the anterior cerebral artery directly or through the anterior communicating and interhemispheric arteries. Only a few, dorsal branches derive from the medial cerebral artery through thalamostriatal arteries. According to their terminal branches, NIST arteries can be divided into five groups: medial, ventral, lateral, septal and dorsal, which have only a relatively small overlap in their territories. About 90% of veins from the NIST drain into the major basal veins. Medial branches run into the perioptic and interhemispheric veins, while the ventral branches and the large lateral vein drain directly into the anterior cerebral vein. A small proportion of NIST veins run dorsalward into the vena cerebri magna via thalamostriatal veins.     

延髓中缝核区注射谷氨酸钠降低大鼠动脉血压的作用

本工作研究了大鼠延髓中缝核在心血管活动调整中的作用。通过埋植套管向大鼠延髓中缝核区注射神经元兴奋剂谷氨酸钠5-μg可明显降低血压,抑制交感神经传出活动,心率无显著改变。降血压效应可被脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射5-HT受体阻断剂肉桂硫胺50μg,或腹腔注射赛庚啶15mg/kg所部分对抗;并可被皮下注射阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮1mc/kg所削弱。结果提示:延髓中缝核-脊髓5-HT下行通路对脊髓的血管调节功能起抑制性影响,内源性阿片样物质可能参与该机制。     

Amblyomma americanum (L): Tick macrophage migration inhibitory factor peptide immunization lengthens lone star tick feeding intervals in vivo

Immunizations of New Zealand White rabbits with specific macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) tick peptide (PEP) produced circulating anti-tick PEP antibodies in the hosts. Antibody titers of greater than 1:5000 to tick MIF peptide were observed for crude sera from PEP-immunized rabbits. PEP- and BSA-vaccinated rabbits were infested with Amblyomma americanum adults. Feeding intervals, female weights, egg masses and percent egg hatch were measured for ticks feeding on control and immunized hosts. Feeding intervals were significantly lengthened to 13.3 days for PEP-vaccinated hosts compared to BSA-vaccinated controls at 12.4 days, while female engorgement weights and egg masses were unchanged. By immunizing hosts using specific tick PEP, we were able to alter the length of time the ticks fed on their hosts.     

贝那鲁肽与利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者长期结局影响的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比分析贝那鲁肽与利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者长期结局的影响，为二甲双胍和磺脲类药物治疗后血糖不能达标的患者应用胰高糖素样肽-1（GLP-1） 受体激动剂提供临床依据。方法：选取2018年3月～2019年3月在我院就诊的使用二甲双胍或者二甲双胍联合磺脲类药物血糖未达标的2型糖尿病患者150例作为研究对象，随机分为观察组和对照组，每组各75例。观察组使用贝那鲁肽注射液治疗，对照组使用利拉鲁肽注射液治疗，所有患者均连续治疗24周。比较两组患者治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、收缩期血管峰值血流( PSV)、血管内膜中层厚度(IMT) 、肌酐（Scr）和尿素氮（BUN）水平，两年内的不良事件发生率、心血管相关死亡率和全因死亡率。结果：两组患者之间治疗前、后FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、PSV、IMT、Scr和BUN水平无统计学差异（P>0.05）, 观察组的不良事件总发生率（8.00%）较对照组（20.00%）明显降低（P<0.05），两组患者心血管相关死亡率和全因死亡率相比，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：在使用二甲双胍或者二甲双胍联合磺脲类药物血糖未达标的2型糖尿病患者中，与利拉鲁肽相比，贝那鲁肽在降低血糖、改善下肢血管功能、肾功能和死亡率方面无明显差异，但不良事件发生率更低。     

Role of commercial harbours and recreational marinas in the spread of non-indigenous fouling species

The role of commercial harbours as sink and source habitats for non-indigenous species (NIS) and the role of recreational boating for their secondary spread were investigated by analysing the fouling community of five Italian harbours and five marinas in the western Mediterranean Sea. It was first hypothesised that NIS assemblages in the recreational marinas were subsets of those occurring in commercial harbours. However, the data did not consistently support this hypothesis: the NIS pools of some marinas significantly diverged from harbours even belonging to the same coastal stretches, including NIS occurring only in marinas. This study confirms harbours as hotspots for marine NIS, but also reveals that numbers of NIS in some marinas is higher than expected, suggesting that recreational vessels effectively facilitate NIS spread. It is recommended that this vector of NIS introduction is taken into account in the future planning of sustainable development of maritime tourism in Europe.     

Expression pattern of Filamin-240 in Drosophila blood cells

The expression pattern of Filamin-240 was studied in subsets of Drosophila blood cells by means of immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis with use of an antibody specific to a "filamin-folding domain", a consensus motif profile generated from the 20 existing filamin repeats. Expression of Filamin-240 is restricted to lamellocytes - a special blood cell type of the cellular immune response - and is involved in the regulation of lamellocyte development. In the cher1 homozygous larvae, which lack Filamin-240 protein, a vigorous lamellocyte differentiation occurs which is further enhanced upon in vivo immune challenge by a parasitic wasp, Leptopilina boulardi. By introducing a full-length transgene encoding the Drosophila Filamin-240 protein into the cher1 Filamin-deficient homozygous mutant, the mutant blood cell phenotype was rescued. These data demonstrate that the expression of Filamin-240 is strictly lamellocyte specific in Drosophila blood cells and that the protein is a suppressor of lamellocyte development.