Nonlinear modelling of renal vasoaction

The control of blood pressure is a complex mixture of neural, hormonal and intrinsic interactions at the level of the heart, kidney and blood vessels. While experimental approaches to understanding these interactions are useful, it remains difficult to conduct experiments to quantify these interactions as the number of parameters increases. Thus, modelling of such physiological systems can offer considerable assistance. Typical mathematical models which describe the ability of the blood vessels to change their diameter (vasoconstriction) assume linearity of operation. However, due to the interaction of multiple vasocontrictive and vasodilative effectors, there is a significant nonlinear response to the influence of neural factors, particularly at higher levels of nerve activity (often seen in subjects with high blood pressure) which leads to low blood flow rates. This paper proposes a number of nonlinear mathematical models for the relationship between neural influences (sympathetic nerve activity (SNA)) and renal blood flow, using a feedback path to model the predominantly nonlinear effect of local vasoactive modulators such as nitric oxide, which oppose the action of SNA. The model structures are motivated by basic physiological principles, while the model parameters are determined using numerical optimisation techniques using open-loop data collected from rabbits. The models were verified by demonstrating correlation between experimental results and model outputs.     

Relationship between early puberty and the risk of hypertension/overweight at age 50: Evidence for a modified Barker hypothesis among Polish youth

The objective of this paper is to evaluate: (a) the association between BMI in childhood and adolescence and BMI at age 50, and (b) the association between timing of maturation at puberty and BMI at age 50 and the occurrence of high blood pressure. We explore whether differences in somatic and physiological factors observed among children with early or late onset of puberty indicates that this period of life could be critical for appearance of some CVD risk factors later in the life cycle. Our data include 135 males and 148 females, born in 1953, participants in the Wroc?aw Longitudinal Study. Data pertaining to their growth and several indices of sexual and skeletal maturation were collected yearly between age 8 and 18. Subsequently, their anthropometric traits were measured and cardiovascular health status was assessed at age 50. We find that BMI at distinct stages in the life cycle were positively correlated. Also BMI at 50 were positively associated with blood pressure at 50. Moreover, earlier maturation at puberty is associated with higher values of BMI at age 50. We also find that earlier pubertal maturation is an independent factor that influences the appearance of high blood pressure in adulthood.     

Blood groups of Roms (Gypsies) in Czechoslovakia

Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: A₁A₂BO phenotypes: A₁ — 32.91%, A₂ — 2.42%, B — 25.21%, O — 30.15%, A₁B — 8.45%, A₂B — 0.85%, A₁ — 0.2363, A₂ — 0.0217, B — 0.1929, O — 0.5491. MN phenotypes: M — 27.16%, MN — 51.60%, N — 21.23%; m — 0.5297, n — 0.4703. RH phenotypes: Rh positive — 89.54%, Rh negative — 10.46%; Rh – (D) — 0.6766, Rh (d) 0.3234. The frequencies are contrasted with those of other inhabitants, non-Roms of East Slovakia.     

黄腹角雉血液生理生化指标的测定

用常规方法对不同年龄及性别的黄腹角雉血液 2 1项生理生化指标进行了测定 ,结果表明 :黄腹角雉 6～ 2 0月龄组MCH指标显著低于 2年龄以上组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,不同年龄间其它指标及不同性别间所有指标均差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Some blood genetic markers of selected tribes in Western Saudi Arabia

A total of 292 randomly selected subjects belonging to two indigenous Arab tribes (Harbi and Ghamid) and two immigrant tribes (Mograbi and Mowallad), residents in Western Saudi Arabia, have been tested for genetic variants of six blood groups, four serum proteins, and five red cell enzyme systems. The distribution of the polymorphic systems was different between indigenous and immigrant tribes, and the present Arab population shows a considerable degree of admixture from the surrounding countries, in particular Africa.     

Diterpenoid resin acids of Daemonorops draco

Chromatography of a cyclohexane extract of commercial “dragon's blood” resin yielded a fraction containing pimaric, isopimaric, dehydroabietic and abietic acids. A fifth component of the mixture was tentatively identified as sandaracopimaric acid.     

雷帕霉素对小鼠葡萄糖代谢水平的影响

目的探讨雷帕霉素对葡萄糖代谢水平影响的特点、机制。方法选择4周龄、雄性C57BL/6小鼠,高热量、高脂饮食喂养8周后为肥胖组(HF,n=18),普通饲料喂养为正常组(NC,n=18)。两组小鼠分别给予安慰剂(n=6)、腹腔注射雷帕霉素(2 mg/kg,隔日1次,n=6)、喂饮2.37%亮氨酸水(n=6),2周后分别行灌胃葡萄糖耐量试验(glucose tolerance test,GTT)、胰岛素耐受性试验(insulin tolerance test,ITT)以及胰岛组织病理学检查。结果正常组小鼠腹腔注射雷帕霉素后葡萄糖负荷30min血糖水平显著升高(与安慰剂组比P=0.038,与亮氨酸组比P=0.035)。肥胖组小鼠腹腔注射雷帕霉素后空腹血糖水平显著高于安慰剂组(P=0.031),葡萄糖负荷30 min血糖显著高于安慰剂组(P=0.013)、亮氨酸组(P=0.041)。仅正常组小鼠胰岛素敏感性与安慰剂组相比显著降低(P=0.039)。雷帕霉素干预后腹腔脂肪量显著减少(正常组与安慰剂组比P0.001,肥胖组与安慰剂组比P=0.013)。结论雷帕霉素对哺乳动物糖代谢水平有显著影响,正常小鼠与机体胰岛素敏感性下降有关;肥胖小鼠与胰岛素分泌功能受损、胰岛素抵抗相关。     

膳食结构对供浆员血浆蛋白及血脂含量的影响研究

目的探讨不同的膳食结构对供浆员血浆蛋白及血脂含量的影响。方法测定400例以牛、羊肉和马铃薯为主要膳食结构的供血浆者和400例以猪肉和马铃薯为主要膳食结构的供血浆者的血浆蛋白和血脂水平;同时统计食用高脂肪膳食后血浆出现乳糜的情况。结果经测定以牛、羊肉和马铃薯为主要膳食结构的供血浆者和以猪肉和马铃薯为主要饮食结构的供血浆者的血浆蛋白和血脂水平相当,两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);献浆前1 2 h内食用高脂肪膳食后血浆出现乳糜的概率明显增高,与食用清淡膳食相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论这两种膳食结构的差异对供浆员血浆蛋白及血脂水平没有明显影响;献浆前12 h内应当避免食用高脂肪类膳食。     

凝结芽胞杆菌对大鼠降糖作用的实验研究

目的：考察凝结芽胞杆菌（简称TQ33）对糖尿病大鼠病理模型的降血糖作用及糖耐量的影响,方法：以四氧嘧啶制备糖尿病大鼠病理模型后,灌服TQ33口服液,以氧化酶法测定大鼠血清中血糖含量。结果：TQ33对正常大鼠的空腹血糖基本无影响,对糖耐量的Cmax有明显的降低作用,并促进血糖水平迅速恢复;TQ33可降低实验性糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,对糖耐量的Cmax有明显的降低作用,使糖耐量减低现象好转,结论：TQ33对由于四氧嘧\啶造成的糖尿病大鼠模型有一定的治疗作用。     

侗族九个红细胞血型系统和ABH分泌型的分布

报道了广西侗族的ABO、MNSs、Rhesus、Duffy、Kidd、P、Diego、Lewis和Xg等九种红细胞血型系统和ABH唾液分泌型的分布。共调查了201名父母均系侗族而彼此无血缘的学生,其中男116名,女85名。结果表明,广西侗族中ABO系统的r基因(0.6286)、MN系统的m基因(0.6294)、Duffy系统的Fy~a基因(0.9651)、Kidd系统的JK~a基因(0.4628)和Rhesus系统的CDe染色体(0.7532)等频率都很高,ABO系统的q基因(0.1672)、P系统的P_1基因(0.1333)和Lewis系统的Le~a基因(0.3232)等频率较低。MNSs系统的S基因(0.0124)频率很低,而MS染色体连锁率却为零。Xg系统的Xg~a基因频率(0.3746)与汉族和维吾尔族一样,处于低水平。Lewis系统的Le(a )表型者中发现八例是ABH唾液分泌型,但分泌的物质不是A便是B,而分泌H物质的唾液分泌型者全部都是Le(a-)型。六个民族间遗传距离分析表明,侗族与壮族在血缘上最近,其次是与朝鲜族、蒙古族、汉族相近,而与维吾尔族最远。