Erythrocyte Indices, Microminerals and Ratios, Antioxidants and Lipids in Centrum Materna Diet-Supplemented Omani Mothers

Venous (maternal) and cord blood (neonatal) samples of Omani women who had a daily supplement of Centrum Materna multivitamin and multimineral tablet throughout pregnancy were investigated at late preterm (n=37) and at term (n=37) delivery for erythrocyte indices, micromineral, antioxidant, and lipid values. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), ceruloplasmin, erythrocyte Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo B were measured by appropriate analytical systems. Cu/zinc and Cu/ceruloplasmin ratios were calculated. The erythrocyte indices were normal in neonatal blood but showed borderline anemia in maternal blood of both groups. There were significantly decreased values of Cu (P=0.012), Zn (P=0.001), apo A-I (P=0.029), and Cu/ceruloplasmin ratio (P=0.032) in late preterm compared to term mothers. Significantly decreased values of Cu (P=0.003), ceruloplasmin (P<0.0001), apo A-I (P=0.024), and Cu/Zn ratio (P=007) were observed in late preterm relative to term neonates. Late preterm mothers were significantly younger (P=0.027) than term mothers. Maternal age correlated positively with apo A-I (r=0.424, P=0.012) and negatively with Cu/Zn ratio (r=-0.353, P=0.040). The findings suggest that with daily dietary Centrum Materna supplementation throughout pregnancy, hematological indices were maintained within normal in mothers and neonates, but the levels of microminerals and micromineral ratios were subnormal in late preterm mothers and their neonates.     

Effect of Boron as an Antidote on Dry Matter Intake,Nutrient Utilization and Fluorine Balance in Buffalo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>) Exposed to High Fluoride Ration

Twenty male buffalo calves (8–9 months, 112.1 ± 7.69 kg) were divided into four groups of five animals in each and fed diets without (T1) or supplemented with 0.3 ppm selenium (Se) (T2), 0.3 ppm Se + 10 ppm copper (Cu) (T3), and 10 ppm Cu (T4) for 120 days during which blood samples were collected on day 0, 40, 80, and 120. Concentrations of glucose, total protein, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were similar in all the four groups, but the level of globulin was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in groups T2 and T3, leading to reduced levels of albumin and A:G ratio (P < 0.01) in these groups. The level of different serum enzymes viz. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and hormones viz. T₃, T₄, testosterone and insulin and T₄:T₃ ratio were similar (P > 0.05) among the four groups. It was deduced that supplementation of 0.3 ppm Se and/or 10.0 ppm of Cu had no effect on blood metabolic profile in buffalo calves, except for an increased globulin level, indicating improved immunity status of these animals.     

Plasma transport and tissue distribution of β-carotene, vitamin A and retinol-binding protein in domestic cats

The objective of this study was to determine retinol, retinyl esters and retinol-binding protein (RBP) as well as carotenoids in plasma, urine, liver and kidneys of randomly selected domestic cats. Retinol (240±64 ng/ml, mean±S.D.) represented one-third of total retinyl esters (736±460 ng/ml) in plasma. Retinyl esters were stearate, palmitate and oleate representing 61±6, 36±13 and 5±3% of total retinyl esters, respectively. In half of the cats, retinyl esters (22±21 ng/ml) were found in the urine. Vitamin A in the livers (4317±1956 μg/g) was significantly higher than in the kidney cortex and medulla (14.16±8.92 and 7.59±4.52 μg/g, respectively, both P<0.001). RBP was detected in the plasma but not in the urine. Immunoreactive RBP was observed in hepatocytes and in the cells of the proximal tubules. β-Carotene was present in plasma but never in tissues. The results show that similar to canines differences in vitamin A metabolism in cats are related to the occurrence of retinyl esters in plasma. They differ, however, with regard to the tissue distribution of β-carotene and the excretion of vitamin A in the urine.     

笼养丹顶鹤成体与亚成体血液生理生化指标比较

为了揭示丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)不同年龄和性别个体之间血液生理生化指标的差异性,对沈阳动物园42只笼养丹顶鹤(成体24只,亚成体18只)的15项血液生化指标和13项血液生理指标进行了比较。所测得的血液生理生化指标在不同性别之间不存在显著差异(P0.05)。血清肌酐成体(37.05±17.03)mmol/L、亚成体(22.57±11.68)mmol/L,血清尿酸成体(878.22±514.41)mmol/L、亚成体(426.17±207.74)mmol/L,血清甘油三酯成体(7.73±4.75)mmol/L、亚成体(3.51±4.07)mmol/L,这3项指标均为成体高于亚成体,差异性显著(P0.05)。这几项指标的变化表明,丹顶鹤在成体和亚成体时期采取了相同或不同的生态适应策略。     

Protective effect of some plant oils on diazinon induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats

Environmental pollution and exposure to environmental pollutants are still some of the major global health issues. Pesticides have been linked to a wide range of health hazards. The toxicity of pesticides depends on several factors such as its chemical properties, doses, exposure period, exposure methods, gender, genetics, age, nutritional status and physiological case of exposed individuals. Medicinal plants, natural products and nutrition continue to play a central role in the healthcare system of large proportions of the world’s population. Alternative medicine plays an important role in health services around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive, sesame and black seed oils on hepatorenal toxicity induced by diazinon (DZN) in male rats. The experimental animals were divided into nine groups. The first group served as control. The second group was exposed to DZN. The third group was treated with olive oil and DZN. Rats of the fourth group were subjected to sesame oil and DZN. Rats of the fifth group were exposed to black seed oil and DZN. The sixth, seventh and eighth groups were supplemented with olive, sesame and black seed oils respectively. Rats of the ninth group were treated with corn oil. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in rats exposed to DZN. Moreover, levels of serum glutathione and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased. Several histopathological changes were observed in the structures of liver and kidney due to DZN exposure. This study showed that these oils attenuated the physiological disturbances and histopathological alterations induced by DZN intoxication. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of these oils support the bioactive roles of its protective effects on DZN toxicity. This study therefore suggests that these oils could be used as preventive factors against the toxicity of DZN due to its antioxidant properties.     

Quantifying the history dependency of muscle recovery from a fatiguing intermittent task

Muscle fatigue and recovery are complex processes influencing muscle force generation capacity. While fatigue reduces this capacity, recovery acts to restore the unfatigued muscle state. Many factors can potentially affect muscle recovery, and among these may be a task dependency of recovery following an exercise. However, little has been reported regarding the history dependency of recovery after fatiguing contractions. We examined the dependency of muscle recovery subsequent to four different histories of fatiguing muscle contractions, imposed using two cycle times (30 and 60 s) during low to moderate levels (15% and 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)) of intermittent static exertions involving index finger abduction. MVC and low-frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) measures (i.e., magnitude, rise and relaxation rates) of muscle capacity were used, all of which indicated a dependency of muscle recovery on the muscle capacity state existing immediately after fatiguing exercise. This dependency did not appear to be modified by either the cycle time or exertion level leading to that state. These results imply that the post-exercise rate of recovery is primarily influenced by the immediate post-exercise muscle contractile status (estimated by MVC and LFES measures). Such results may help improve existing models of muscle recovery, facilitating more accurate predictions of localized muscle fatigue development and thereby helping to enhance muscle performance and reduce the risk of injury.     

血常规在头颈部鳞状细胞癌早期诊断中的作用

目的:探究血常规指标在头颈部鳞状细胞癌早期诊断中的作用,从血液学的角度为头颈部鳞状细胞癌的早期诊断提供参考依据。方法:对181例头颈部良恶性肿瘤患者的血常规结果进行回顾性分析,比较头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者组(实验组)和头颈部良性肿瘤组(对照组)患者的血小板计数(PLT)、血小板比积(PCT)、血小板平均容积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、大血小板比率(P-LCR)、中性粒细胞计数(NEU)、淋巴细胞计数(LYM)、单核细胞计数(MONO)、嗜酸性粒细胞计数(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞计数(BASO)、血小板计数/淋巴细胞计数比值(PLR)以及中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)共12个指标。结果:实验组和对照组的PLT、PCT、MPV、PDW、P-LCR以及BASO计数值比较均没有统计学差异(p0.05)。对照组NEU、MONO、EOS、PLR和NLR均低于实验组,而LYM计数值高于实验组,其差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05),ROC曲线显示NLR对于早期诊断的意义要优于PLR。结论:血小板相关指标在头颈部鳞状细胞癌早期诊断中无明显意义,白细胞亚型计数具有重要的提示作用,而NLR的诊断意义要高于PLR,或许可以联合其他鳞癌标志物进行早期诊断。     

结直肠癌无创筛查技术研究进展

结直肠癌和高危腺瘤的早期诊断及治疗,能够大大降低其死亡率。因而,在临床普及结直肠癌筛查有助于遏制该疾病的危害。目前,结肠镜检查是结直肠癌诊断的金标准,但该方法需要肠道准备,且具有侵入性,易造成肠道穿孔等缺点,导致患者依从性差,不利于其作为大规模筛查技术推广实施。近年来非侵入性的结直肠癌诊断方法发展迅速,这类方法主要通过检测粪便或血液样本中与结直肠癌发生相关的生物标志物,为结直肠癌的无创筛查提供了可能。但由于粪便、血液样本的成分复杂,对其中生物标志物的检测技术仍然在不断研究和完善中。本文分别从基于粪便样本和血液样本的检测技术两方面入手,探讨了近年来结直肠癌无创筛查技术的研究进展。     

脑蛋白水解物对缺血性脑血管病患者血流动力学及神经功能的影响

目的:探讨脑蛋白水解物对缺血性脑血管病患者血流动力学、血脂水平及神经功能的影响。方法:92例缺血性脑血管病患者依据抽签法分作对照组与观察组,各46例,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上结合脑蛋白水解物治疗,观察并比较两组患者的全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、神经功能、脑血管储备能力、屏气指数以及临床效果。结果:治疗后,两组血流动力学均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组TC、TG、LDL-C均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组HDL-C均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05);两组NIHSS均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组脑血管储备能力及屏气指数均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脑蛋白水解物可有效调节缺血性脑血管病患者血流动力学及血脂水平,改善神经功能。     

静脉注射乌拉地尔与硝酸甘油微泵对高血压患者拔牙术中血压及心率的影响

目的:探讨静脉注射乌拉地尔与硝酸甘油微泵对高血压患者拔牙术中血压及心率(HR)的影响。方法:选择自2015年1月到2016年10月在我院进行心电监护拔牙的高血压患者116例纳入本次研究,根据随机数字表法将患者分成观察组以及对照组各58例,对照组给予硝酸甘油加泵静点维持,观察组给予乌拉地尔加泵静点维持,对比两组术前、麻醉时、麻醉后10min、术中及术后10min收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)以及HR的变化,并对比两组不良反应情况。结果:两组术中及术后10min的SBP和DBP水平均分别明显低于术前,观察组术中的SBP和DBP水平均分别明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组术中及术后10min的HR均明显高于术前,且观察组均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组不良反应的总发生率是6.90%(4/58),与对照组的10.34%(6/58)相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:静脉注射乌拉地尔对高血压患者在拔牙术中血压及HR的影响较小,安全性较好,值得推广。