泽泻和慈姑核型的比较研究

本文观察了泽泻和慈姑的核型,并综合形态与孢粉学资料,认为慈姑比泽泻进化。结合前人对泽泻属和慈姑属核型的研究,简论了它们的演化。对泽泻的间期细胞核仁数也作了观察。     

Identification of Polygonum orientale constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry

Our primary focus in this research was to identify and characterize its bioactive compounds for potential therapeutic use. Twenty-seven metabolites of Polygonum orientale were identified using LC-QTOF tandem mass spectrometry. Interestingly, P. orientale extracts included several highly oxygenated flavonoids were isolated from P. orientale by column chromatography. ¹³C NMR data of highly oxygenated flavonoids (1–7) are reported here for the first time. In addition, nitric oxide, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and water-soluble tetrazolium salt assays were carried out on the isolated compounds to investigate their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective activities, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NO production in BV2 cells without affecting cell viability. Compounds 9–12 exhibited significant antioxidant activity, while compounds 8, 9, and 12 exhibited protective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Our results indicate that P. orientale is a promising source of natural agents for the potential treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.     

东方泽泻的染色体组型分析

国外学者Bjorkqvist和Pogan曾分别对东方泽泻的核型进行过研究,所得结果差异很大,而国内目前对该种核型的研究也甚少。基于上述原因,笔者对东方泽泻的核型进行了比较详细的研究。     

4种中药贯众原植物提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

用水提法和醇提法制备苏铁蕨（Brainea insighis）、华南紫萁（Osmunda vachellii）、狗脊蕨（Woodwardia japonica）和乌毛蕨（Blechnum orientale）的根状茎的提取液,应用纸片扩散法和试管二倍稀释法测定了各提取液对11种常见致病菌的抑菌圈、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明,各提取液（1g生药／mL）对表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及李斯特菌4种革兰氏阳性菌有明显抑制作用,对表皮葡萄球菌的抑制作用尤为明显,且醇提液的抑菌效果优于水提液;对大肠埃希氏菌等革兰氏阴性菌则无抑制作用。在4种贯众原植物中,苏铁蕨对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制活性最强。     

A new Early Miocene genus of the family Sciaenidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) from the eastern Paratethys

A new genus of sciaenid fish Caucasisciaena is erected to accommodate the Early Miocene eastern Paratethys species Perca ignota Smirnov, 1936, which, subsequently, was variously attributed to the modern genera, either Larimus or Otolithoides. The materials examined include 32 specimens from four Caucasian and Crimean localities of Sakaraulian age (Lower Burdigalian). The new genus is based on a unique combination of features, including: parasphenoid with a dorsal rounded bony flange; basisphenoid present; premaxilla with short ascending process forming obtuse angle with alveolar process and ascending/alveolar process ratio about 0.17; anterior premaxillary teeth enlarged; posttemporal with few robust spines along its posterior margin; presence of 25 vertebrae; presence of three tiny supraneurals; dorsal fin with 11 spines plus 22–24 soft rays; anal fin with two spines and 7–8 soft rays; second anal-fin spine long and massive; pectoral fin elongate; scales ctenoid on body and cycloid on head (except for one or two rows of ctenoid scales on the cheek). Paleoecological considerations suggest that Caucasisciaena probably was a predatory fish that inhabited the coastal waters of the eastern sector of the Paratethyan basin.     

东方蓼的染色体核型分析

目的:对药用植物东方蓼的染色体数目、核型、体积等进行了研究。方法:采用常规制片方法,结合显微摄影对染色体的数目进行统计分析。结果:东方蓼体细胞染色体数目2n=22,相对长度组成2n=22=10M2+12M1;核型公式为K(2n)=2X=22=20m+2M;全体染色体总长19.16μm,长臂总长10.93μm,核型不对称系数(AS.K%)为57.00%,属于"1A"型,全体染色体总体积为20.30μm3。结论:东方蓼体细胞染色体的数目、核型、体积等清晰准确。     

红蓼中木脂素成分的研究

从红蓼（ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｅＬ．）中分得３个木脂素类化合物,经光谱分析和化学方法鉴定为牛蒡子甙（１）、拉帕酚Ｂ（２）和红蓼脂素（３）。其中化合物３为新化合物,１和２为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Growth and gender in the gametophyte of Blechnum spicant L

The growth and gender in the gametophyte of Blechnum spicant L. were strongly affected by its origin, spore or mature homogenized gametophytes, and also by the addition of plant growth regulators to the culture medium. Spore-derived gametophytes cultured in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium were females and heart-shaped, whereas those derived from mature homogenized gametophytes were shorter and male or asexual (1:3) because of the release of antheridiogen to the culture medium. In the latter, maleness was especially increased by the addition of BA. This cytokinin is a strong inductor of maleness in homogenized cultures; however, even though BA influenced sexual organ formation in spore-derived gametophytes, it does not change the␣female sexual pattern that these gametophytes have. Separate male and female populations of gametophytes were obtained in this work.     

The impact of the 2003 summer heat wave and the 2005 late cold wave on the phytoplankton in the north-eastern English Channel

The phytoplankton composition was investigated at two fixed stations in the north-eastern English Channel from November 1997 to December 2005. The warmest temperatures in European historical records were recorded in August 2003. This event was associated with an exceptional abundance peak of the dinoflagellates Akashiwo sanguinea (9600 cells L(-1)) and Ceratium fusus. The lowest February temperatures for the 1998-2005 period were recorded in 2005, coinciding with the absence, for the first time in recent decades, of the spring bloom of Phaeocystis globosa. The 'de-eutrophication', mainly the reduction of river nutrient loads, is progressively reducing the magnitude of the Phaeocystis blooms. Exceptionally in 2005, the colder temperatures increased water column mixing, favouring the dominance of tychoplanktonic diatoms until early March (pre-bloom period). The delay in spring stratification, lower light availability due to turbidity (resuspended sediment) and organic matter, and competition with tychoplanktonic diatoms contributed to retard the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom and disadvantage the development of Phaeocystis. The summer 2003 European heat wave is expected to have had little influence on total annual primary production, because it occurred at mid-summer, the period of lowest annual phytoplankton abundance. However, the anomalous weather in the second half of winter 2005 did affect the annual primary production.