Pleurozium schreberi as an ecological indicator of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a heavily industrialized urban area

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are toxic contaminants with a persistent character and adverse effects on humans and wildlife. Therefore, the deposition of these chemicals in vegetation must be carefully controlled. Our objective was to determine PBDE concentrations (BDEs 28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) in Pleurozium schreberi collected in a heavily industrialized urban agglomeration. High PBDE concentrations in the moss confirm the presence of active sources of atmospheric pollution in an area tested. The distribution of these xenobiotics was related to the vegetation cover being lower in sites surrounded by forests which indicates that PBDEs may have a tendency to be trapped from the air by tree leaves and needles. Congener profiles in P. schreberi were dominated by BDE 209 which was for 79% (in case of the coke smelter) to 95% (in case of the chemical plant) part of the total PBDE burden in this moss. The principal component and classification analysis classifying the concentration of PBDEs in P. schreberi allowed us to distinguish the pattern of these compounds characteristic for the origin of pollution. P. schreberi may be used as a bioindicator for PBDEs in areas contaminated with these chemicals.     

加入WTO后我国生物技术产业发展战略

加入WTO后,我国生物技术产业将面临严峻的机遇与挑战,如何面对这一实际情况及采取哪些措施将直接影响目前还处于发展初期的我国生物技术产业,并对我国21世纪生物技术产业的可持续发展具有重要的意义,本文论述了我国生物技术产业发展现状,存在问题及国外发达国家生物技术产业发展现状,政策及法规,提出了加入WTO后适合我国国情的生物技术产业发展战略的建议。     

Food insecurity: Prevalence,causes, and the potential of transgenic `Golden Rice'

This paper reviews a number of recent social science publications on the nature and causes of food insecurity in low and middle-income countries. The focus is on one specific element of food insecurity, vitamin A deficiency, which is widespread in developing countries and causes blindness and early death among millions of children. A new approach in the fight against vitamin A deficiency is `Golden Rice'. The paper explores the pros and cons of this recently developed transgenic rice variety, and tries to answer the question whether in this particular case, genetic modification technology provides a solution to food insecurity. It is concluded that Golden Rice is one of the options available, but not necessarily the most effective one.     

黄土高原草地畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产力基础

在黄土高原197个区县土地利用方式重新规划的基础上,对黄土高原畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产潜力进行了分析预测。结果表明：规划的牧、林、农、果用地占生产用地的比例分别是草地44％、林地22％、基本农田20％、果园14％;197个区县草地牧草生产、作物秸秆、草田轮作和果园种草预测的总牧草饲料生产潜力达104881028t／a(其中,草地牧草生产潜力约占45％,达47196462．7t／a),可载畜104881028个羊单位／a(其中草地可载畜47196462．7个羊单位／a)。按1999年不变价格计算,黄土高原预测畜牧业总产值将达到5244051万元RMB／a,是1999年畜牧业总产值的5．3倍,超过1999年黄土高原农业总产值14％。农业人口人均预测畜牧业产值大于l000元的区县占59％;小于l000元的区县占41％。此外,预测的农业总产值将达到l147．2234亿元RMB／a,其中畜牧业、果业、林业和农业产值占农业总产值的比重分别是46％、27％、14％和13％。随着畜牧业产业链的逐步建立与完善,产业发展布局的日趋合理,黄土高原畜牧业生产总值将有较大幅度的提高,黄土高原生态环境将有进一步的改善。黄土高原草地畜牧业蕴藏着巨大的发展潜力,有望成为黄土高原优化的生产一生态新产业带建制中的支柱产业。     

我国宠物业现状、机遇与挑战

我国宠物业是一个朝阳产业,发展速度快,问题多,整体水平不高,以市场化为主。宠物业的发展应当是全面的,逐步走向成熟。我们在宠物饲养观念、宠物在社会生活中的作用研究、宠物疾病防治、宠物与人共患疾病的关注度、宠物医疗、宠物药品、宠物食品、宠物医学教育等全方位面临机会和挑战。今后,中国大陆的宠物业在宠物疫苗研制、新宠物药品研发、新中兽药研制和推广、高质量宠物食品和处方食品生产、高水平的宠物医疗机构的扩展、和宠物与人类比较医学上必将得到很大的发展机会。     

抗菌肽及其工业应用前景

抗菌肽是生物体内经诱导产生的一种对抗外源性致病菌作用的防御性小分子多肽,广泛存在于动植物和微生物体内。其分子量一般在4000Da左右,带正电荷,由30～40个氨基酸组成。抗菌肽一般都具有耐热性,100℃温度下活性最长可保持30min以上。抗菌肽具广谱抗菌活性,通过破坏细胞膜等作用,可以抑制革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、真菌,有些抗菌肽还具有抗原虫、病毒及抗癌功能。抗菌肽在工业应用中展示出了广阔的前景。     

L’évaluation de l’industrie bifaciale chinoise d’un point de vue global

If Acheulean industry exists in China is a controversial issue for a long time. After the 1980, accompanying more surveys and excavations engaged in the Paleolithic Archaeology and more and more communication with western academic circles, Chinese researchers participate in the discussion and inquiry on Acheulean actively. This paper attempts to study the bifacial industry in China in global perspective by the theory of relativity between universality and particularity. We try to gather more sites, which are similar to those in China, and review the Acheulean assemblages in China by intersite comparisons.     

Endotoxin inactivation via steam‐heat treatment in dilute simethicone emulsions used in biopharmaceutical processes

Simethicone emulsion is used to regulate foaming in cell culture operations in biopharmaceutical processes. It is also a potential source of endotoxin contamination. The inactivation of endotoxins in dilute simethicone emulsions was assessed as a function of time at different steam temperatures using a Limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic chromogenic technique. Endotoxin inactivation from steam‐heat treatment was fit to a four‐parameter double exponential decay model, which indicated that endotoxin inactivation was biphasic, consisting of fast and slow regimes. In the fast regime, temperature‐related effects were dominant. Transitioning into the slow regime, the observed temperature dependence diminished, and concentration‐related effects became increasingly significant. The change in the Gibbs free energy moving through the transition state indicated that a large energy barrier must be overcome for endotoxin inactivation to occur. The corresponding Arrhenius pre‐exponential factor was >>10¹² s^?1 suggesting that endotoxins in aqueous solution exist as aggregates. The disorder associated with the endotoxin inactivation reaction pathway was assessed via the change in entropy moving through the transition state. This quantity was positive indicating that endotoxin inactivation may result from hydrolysis of individual endotoxin molecules, which perturbs the conformation of endotoxin aggregates, thereby modulating the biological activity observed. Steam‐heat treatment decreased endotoxin levels by 1–2 logarithm (log) reduction (LRV), which may be practically relevant depending on incoming raw material endotoxin levels. Antifoam efficiency and cell culture performance were negligibly impacted following steam‐heat treatment. The results from this study show that steam‐heat treatment is a viable endotoxin control strategy that can be implemented to support large‐scale biopharmaceutical manufacturing. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1145–1160, 2014     

The growth form of populations in some aphids,with special reference to the relation between population density and the movements

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National Institute of Agricultural Sciences     

Isolation and Characterization of A Metal-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strain

Summary The use of microorganisms to remove heavy metals from industrial effluent is an area of extensive research and development. Attempts have been made to isolate and characterize metal-resistant microorganisms from treated oil mill industry effluent wastewater samples. The metal-resistant organisms that showed values of minimum inhibitory concentration towards metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) ranging from 100 to 800 ppm level were screened. A potent metal-resistant organism, isolate BC15 from the wastewater samples was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. Detailed analysis of morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequence of the isolate revealed that it is closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (94%). Pseudomonas BC15 was capable of absorbing 93% Ni, 65% Pb, 50% Cd and 30% Cr within 48 h from the medium containing 100 mg of each heavy metal per liter. The multiple metal tolerance of this strain was also associated with resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin and streptomycin.