番茄种子经激光和咖啡因处理后其当代生物效应的研究

咖啡因具有抑制一些酶的活性,可减弱或消除生物体自身对激光引起的生物效应的修复作用。试验证明咖啡因对番茄种子萌发有强烈的抑制作用,咖啡因和激光复合处理生物效应显著,可降低番茄种子的发芽,并促进番茄果实增大和生长前期速率加快。     

Morphological and biological characteristics of the Korean population of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), an invasive insect pest of conifer cones

In this study, we investigated the morphological and biological characteristics of a serious insect pest of conifer cones, the western conifer seed bug (WCSB), Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae), in Korea. WCSB adults shared external morphology with overseas populations, including zig-zag fascia on the coria, dilation of the hind tibiae, and color pattern on the abdominal dorsum. The average body length and width of WCSB adults were 17.20 and 4.85 mm, respectively, in males and 19.05 and 5.55 mm in females. The average body weights were 111.27 and 169.89 mg in adult males and females, respectively. On average, eggs were 2.12 mm long and 1.17 mm wide. The average body lengths of the first- to fifth-instar nymphs were 3.07, 4.76, 8.77, 13.56, and 15.53 mm, respectively. For biological characteristics, developmental durations of the egg and five nymphal instar stages were 8.6, 3.7, 7.6, 5.8, 5.8, and 9.1 days, respectively, in laboratory conditions. Nymphal mortality was 47.5% in total. The average life expectancy of WCSB adults was 58.2 and 63.9 days in males and females, respectively. Oviposition of the adult females started 23.4 days after emergence, and the total number of eggs laid by a single adult female was 68.6 on average. The results of this study offer basic morphological and biological information that can be used to design an effective control strategy to manage the WCSB population in Korea.     

Biological comparative study between Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquito and Wolbachia-uninfected strain,Jeddah city,Saudi Arabia

In this study, samples of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were collected from Al-Safa district in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The presence of Wolbachia bacteria in mosquitoes was confirmed by PCR technique and they were reared and propagated in the laboratory. Comparative studies were conducted between Wolbachia-infected A. Aegypti and the Wolbachia-uninfected laboratory strain in terms of their ability to withstand drought, resist two types of insecticides and the activities of pesticide detoxification enzymes. The Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti strain proved less able to withstand the drought period, as the egg-hatching rate of the Wolbachia-uninfected strain was greater than that of the Wolbachia-infected strain after one, two and three months of dry periods. Compared to the Wolbachia-uninfected strain, the Wolbachia-infected strain demonstrated a relatively greater resistance to tested pesticides, namely Baton 100EC and Fendure 25EC which may be attributed to the higher levels of the detoxification enzymes glutathione-S-transferase and catalase and the lower levels of esterase and acetylcholine esterase.     

黑木耳8808菌株生物学特性研究

黑木耳8808菌株,是笔者几年来,从黑龙江省15个地区,采集的32个样本中,分离的59个野生菌株中,经多次培养、比较,栽培试验选出的一株优质、高产菌株。该菌株1992年,在本省五常县长山乡生产150万袋,全省生产近1000万段,均获丰收,产量、质量均明显优于原生产菌株。为更好的为生产提供科学依据,本文研究了该木耳孢子弹射及萌发特征,菌丝、子实体、孢子形态,不同温度、pH、氮碳源浓度,不同培养料配方对该木耳菌丝生长及产实影响。     

树鼩主动脉内皮细胞株的建立及其生物学特性的研究

将树鼩胸主动脉分层剥离,用组织块贴壁法,体外培养出主动脉内皮细胞,历经一年,传至23代,命名为TSaec-8910。倒置显微镜下细胞单层生长,呈铺路石样镶嵌排列,第Ⅷ因子相关抗原阳性,透射电镜观察,细胞质内未找到Weibel-Palade小体。细胞生长曲线及分裂指数示9～12d汇合成单层,按1:2或1:3传代,传代间隔为lO～14d,细胞冻存复苏后接种存活率为31.5％,细胞染色体检查为二倍体细胞,2n=62,雄性。内皮细胞生长因子、上皮细胞生长因子、条件培养基和附着底物对TSaec-8910细胞有明显影响,细胞在玻璃瓶壁上贴壁时间为24～18h,而在涂有鼠尾胶瓶壁则为4h左右,内皮细胞生长因子、上皮细胞生长因子能促进TSaec-8910细胞贴壁和增殖,20％TSaec-8910细胞条件培养基亦能良好地维持细胞形态。     

Comparison of European and US biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization

Summary Biological indicators (BIs) are used to monitor ethylene oxide (EO) gas sterilization processes for medical devices. Several European and United States BIs for EO sterilization were evaluated for resistance according to both United States Pharmacopeia (USP) XXI and United Kingdom's (UK) tests for D-values. US BIs areB. subtilis var. niger spores on paper strips or disc carriers while European BIs use aluminum strips, quartz sand, or cotton yarn. Numerous BIs per run and runs per lot, as well as 2–3 different lots of BIs from each manufacturer, were examined. Both British and US BIs met their respective label claims for rates of inactivation when tested against British and USP EO test parameters, respectively. However, Danish BIs, on cotton yarn or quartz sand, were not inactivated following USP specifications during the exposure dwell times tested (600 mg L^–1 EO, 54°C, 60% RH, 0–110 min). The Danish BIs will require further testing in order for us to determine if theirB. subtilis spores are unusually resistant to EO or if the spore carrier substrates protect the spores from the sterilizing gas. In conclusion, the British and American BIs for EO sterilization are equivalent in resistance despite differences in carrier substrate, recovery conditions, calculation methods for D-values, and the labeled sterilization conditions for use.     

Biological effects of salinity gradient reversals in a southeast African estuarine lake

St Lucia Lake on the north coast of Natal, South Africa, has an area of 325 km² and is the largest estuarine complex in Africa. It consists of a 20 km tidal channel, averagingca. 400 m in width, linking the sea with the non-tidal lake which is H-shaped with a maximum length ofca. 40 km and width ofca. 20 km. Except during flood periods the depth of the lake does not exceed 2 m. The salinity gradient depends on evaporation, the configuration of the mouth and on the input of fresh water from four rivers which discharge into the northern and western areas of the lake. If fresh water input is high, the lake and much of the channel may be fresh. An intermediate stage features a normal salinity gradient while a third stage shows a reversed salinity gradient with salinities in excess of 100‰ in the upper reaches of the system. Changing salinities have marked effects on the biota. Aquatic macrophytes show cycles of appearance and disappearance depending on salinity tolerance and the presence of dormant stages. The resident benthic faunal species go through cycles of range expansion and contraction depending on prevailing salinities and recolonisation by dispersal phases. To date salinities in the southern part of the lake have approached, but not exceeded, lethal levels and this has therefore acted as a reservoir area. Catchment degradation and water abstraction are anticipated to exacerbate future salinity extremes. This has resulted in concern for the long term viability of this Ramsar site which has major southern African populations of hippopotamus and crocodile, provides breeding sites for South African Red Data water bird species and plays an important nursery role for marine fish and penaeid prawns.     

尖孢镰孢一新硝酸盐营养突变类型与营养体亲和性

从73个尖孢镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)不同专化型菌株上获得684个硝酸盐营养突变株(nit mutant)。作相关氮源利用试验及亚硝酸反应后,鉴定出一新硝酸盐营养突变类型:亚硝酸盐还原酶结构基因类型,命名为nit8,占总突变株的6.7%。同时被鉴别的还有nit1、nit3和Nit M三种突变类型,它们分别占突变株总数的81.0%,3.8%和8.5%。此外,首次引入一种亚硝酸反应在这类研究中的应用,还提出了互补指数概念与公式来表示nit突变株营养体之间亲和的能力。