Révision systématiquedu genre Steginoporella smitt, 1873 (Bryozoa Cheilostomata)

Systematic revision of the genus Steginoporella: until now about eighty species were described. Only twenty recent species and thirty-four fossil ones are maintained. Several species and subspecies are new.The main interest of this revision is to establish a biostratigraphical scale: the settlement of this scale is based on the known stratigraphical distribution and on an attempt of phylogeny.The second advantage is ecological: all recent species live in marine tropical environment. The Steginoporella are good paleoecological indicators.At last, the establishment of a paleobiogeography, even incomplete and not definitive, allows to understand more easily recent distribution of Steginoporella connected with the great events of earth evolution.     

Fluorescent thin-layer peptide mapping for protein identification and comparison in the subnanomole range

Conditions and simple precautions are presented for carrying out highly reproducible and sensitive peptide mapping by thin-layer chromatography and subsequent electrophoresis of subnanomole amounts of tryptic digest on silica gel G or GHL plates. The fluorogenic reagent “fluorescamine” is employed for visualization under long-wavelength ultraviolet illumination. Permanent photorecording of high-contrast images, using readily available filters, is substituted for subjective hand scoring of plates. Contrast reversal is used to produce peptide maps suitable for half-tone reproduction.     

Evidence from ATP synthesis driven by a proton gradient in Methanosarcina barkeri.

Hepatoma Tissue Culture (HTC) cell nuclei were isolated from untreated cells and from cells treated with sodium butyrate to increase the levels of acetylated histone. Nuclei from sodium butyrate treated cells exhibited a dramatic increased rate of digestion with DNase I as compared to control cell nuclei. Micrococcal nuclease showed no preference for chromatin containing hyperacetylated histones.     

Réflexions critiques sur l'écologieet la systématique des Lingules actuelles et fossiles

New topics on ecology and systematics of recent and fossil Lingulids lead to an obvious revision of our knowledges on this zoological group. At first, the recent species need systematics and taxonomy on the bases of new described specific criteria (as, morphology of deltidial areas, muscle disposition); the results are briefly indicated. But, in fossil species, disorder and disparity of used characteristics are emphasized.The general conceiving on ecology of Lingulids are reviewed and discussed, especially on bathymetry and salinity; sediment and oxygenation conditions; taphocoenosis and lingulid «communities. On recent species, all these points are also studied, especially some ecological requirements (salinity, bathymetry, grain size), and mechanism of burrowing ability, burrow living positions in the sediments, as shell preservations after death and fossilization, to facilitate the paleobiotope interpretations. Recent animals are euryhalin, surviving at salinities from about 13 to 42‰; they could be considered as well adapted to waters with strong salinity fluctuations. They show preference to fine sand bottoms (lowest particle size about 40–60 μm). Their bathymetric distribution occurs between 0 and about 500 m (Lingula especially between 5–50 m; Glottidia 15–70 m). The isotherms 8–10°C seem to restrict their geographical and bathymetric distribution.Therefore, some post-palaeozoic lingulid bedsare studied or redescribed on the bases of the above discussed characteristics, and new interpretations on the environmental situation are given (Trias of Vosges Mountains; Oligocene from Japan; Eocene of London Basin). More caution must be used in study of fossil Lingulids that are not especially animals living in infralittoral bottoms with low salinity and deficient oxygenation, as generally accepted.     

动物内源褪黑素调控生物节律的研究进展

内源褪黑素对人类和其他哺乳动物的节律行为具有调控功能。生物节律是自然进化赋予生命的基本特征之一,生物体的生命活动受到生物节律的控制与影响。在哺乳动物中,节律调控中心是松果体,其主要功能是合成和分泌褪黑素。褪黑素广泛参与生物体节律行为的调节,本文从褪黑素的产生和作用机制,分别阐述褪黑素对昼夜节律行为和多种年节律行为的调控作用,同时明确褪黑素与生物钟及神经内分泌系统的直接作用和反馈互动的复杂集合,进一步揭示褪黑素调控生物节律的重要作用,以期为褪黑素的基础研究以及未来探究生物体的生物钟内源性发生机制提供参考。     

克氏原螯虾嗜水气单胞菌噬菌体的分离鉴定和应用

为分离获得致病性嗜水气单胞菌烈性噬菌体,鉴定和研究其生物学特性,为克氏原螯虾细菌性疾病的防治和治疗提供依据,研究以患病克氏原螯虾分离到的致病性嗜水气单胞菌为宿主菌,从湖泊水体中分离到多株噬菌体,对其中一株烈性噬菌体Ph-0进行了生物学特性的分析,包括噬菌斑形态的观察,最佳感染复数的测定,一步生长曲线的绘制,热稳定性的测...     

生防菌Act12铁载体合成酶Ser基因的功能

【目的】通过敲除生防菌Act12铁载体合成酶Ser基因,研究该铁载体在植物防病促生中的作用。【方法】以自杀型质粒p KC1132作为基本载体,两侧为Ser基因上下游片段作为同源交换臂,两个同源臂之间为卡那霉素抗性基因,构建重组质粒p CT12;借助接合转移技术,将该质粒导入Act12,筛选突变株并进行PCR验证;研究Ser基因缺失突变体和野生型菌株Act12在生长速率、铁载体产量、甜瓜种子促生、抗苹果轮纹病菌(Macrophoma kawatsukai)等方面的差异。【结果】经PCR验证及测序均证实Ser基因缺失突变体构建成功。Ser基因突变后,铁载体合成量明显减少,抑制甜瓜种子的萌发及生长,对苹果轮纹病菌拮抗作用降低。【结论】生防菌Act12 Ser合成酶基因参与控制合成的铁载体在对甜瓜种子促生作用和拮抗苹果轮纹病菌中发挥一定作用,为进一步研究Act12防病促生机制奠定基础。     

捕食者-猎物关系的理论和应用研究

捕食者和猎物相互关系的研究,长期以来一直是动物生态学研究的中心课题之一。这种研究可区分为3种类型:第一是理论研究,即组建各种数学模型以便模拟捕食者和猎物间的相互关系;第二是实验种群研究,通常是在实验室内选用原生动物和节肢动物实验种群对捕食一猎物间的动态关系进行观察,并将观察结果与理论模型进行比较;第三是在田间对自然种群中的捕食者-猎物关系进行研究,并利用从理论研究和实验种群研究中所总结出来的各种基本原理对观察资料进行分析。在应用生态学领域中,常常靠引进新的更加有效的天敌来控制各种害虫。这些实际工作有些已获得成功,也有不少未取得预期效果,不管成功与否,它们都可被看作是对捕食者-猎物关系所进行的田间实验.