The N-BAR domain protein,Bin3, regulates Rac1- and Cdc42-dependent processes in myogenesis

Actin dynamics are necessary at multiple steps in the formation of multinucleated muscle cells. BAR domain proteins can regulate actin dynamics in several cell types, but have been little studied in skeletal muscle. Here, we identify novel functions for the N-BAR domain protein, Bridging integrator 3 (Bin3), during myogenesis in mice. Bin3 plays an important role in regulating myofiber size in vitro and in vivo. During early myogenesis, Bin3 promotes migration of differentiated muscle cells, where it colocalizes with F-actin in lamellipodia. In addition, Bin3 forms a complex with Rac1 and Cdc42, Rho GTPases involved in actin polymerization, which are known to be essential for myotube formation. Importantly, a Bin3-dependent pathway is a major regulator of Rac1 and Cdc42 activity in differentiated muscle cells. Overall, these data classify N-BAR domain proteins as novel regulators of actin-dependent processes in myogenesis, and further implicate BAR domain proteins in muscle growth and repair.     

卤虫投喂下长吻(鱼危)仔稚鱼消化酶发育和口宽变化的研究

采用酶学和形态学测定方法, 研究在投喂卤虫条件下长吻(鱼危)仔鱼4种主要消化酶: 胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性变化以及长吻(鱼危)仔鱼口宽、全长变化。实验共进行13d, 实验结果表明: (1)长吻(鱼危)仔鱼全长、口宽的发育与其日龄表现出明显的线性正相关(R_TL²=0.974, R_MW²=0.964)。口宽与全长比值(MW/TL)在仔鱼开口后急剧下降, 并自7日龄开始维持在0.07—0.08, 口宽和全长处于同步发育期并表现出明显的相关性(R²=0.948), 说明7日龄(/h, days post hatching)后口宽和全长处于同步发育期, 标志仔鱼转食的开始。(2)长吻(鱼危)仔鱼初次开口时即可检测出四种消化酶的活性。5—7/h时胰蛋白酶显著高于初孵仔鱼, 与此时仔鱼开始开口摄食的行为相一致。胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性在仔鱼孵化后第7天即开口的第3天, 淀粉酶活性在孵化后第6天, 显著高于初次孵化出来的仔鱼。8—13/h时, 胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性均在较高水平平稳的波动, 标志着消化道发育逐渐健全。     

GnRH拮抗剂在超促排卵中的应用

目的:比较GnRH拮抗剂与GnRH激动剂促排卵方案的临床应用效果.方法:比较GnRH拮抗剂与GnRH激动剂方案及GnRH拮抗剂方案妊娠组与非妊娠组的HCG日子宫内膜厚度及E2水平、受精率、可用胚胎率、着床率、临床妊娠率、流产率等.结果:GnRH拮抗剂与GnRH激动剂方案的临床资料无统计学差异,GnRH拮抗剂方案妊娠组血E2水平及可用胚胎率明显高于非妊娠组,差异具有统计学意义.结论:GnRH拮抗剂方案中卵泡后期血E2上升缓慢或停滞,血HCG日E2明显偏低,提示妊娠结局不良.但是,GnRH拮抗剂是否对子宫内膜及胚胎有影响仍需进一步研究.     

Does intraspecific competition promote variation? A test via synthesis

Competitive diversification, that is, when increasing intraspecific competition promotes population niche expansion, is commonly invoked in evolutionary studies and currently plays a central role in how we conceptualize the process of adaptive diversification. Despite the frequency with which this idea is cited, the empirical evidence for the process is somewhat limited, and the findings of these studies have yet to be weighed objectively through synthesis. Here, we sought to fill this gap by reviewing the existing literature and collecting the data necessary to assess the evidence for competition as a diversifying force. Additionally, we sought to test a more recent hypothesis, which suggests that competition can act to both promote and inhibit dietary diversification depending on the degree to which a consumer depletes its resources. The surprising result of this synthesis was that increasing competition did not have a mean positive effect on population‐level diet breadth or the degree of individual specialization. Instead, we found that increasing intraspecific competition had a restricting effect on population‐level diet breadth in as many cases as it had a diversifying effect. This wide disparity in the effect of competition on consumer diet variation was negatively related to a metric for consumer resource depletion. Altogether, these findings call into question a long‐standing assumption of basic evolutionary models and lend some support to recent theoretical predictions. Specifically, these findings support the idea that competition is primarily diversifying for species with a small effect (per unit biomass) on their resources and that resource depletion limits the diversifying effect of competition for consumers with larger ecological effects.     

早期心电图QRS 波宽度对急性ST 段抬高型心肌梗死患者心脏不良事件的影响

目的:探讨早期心电图QRS波宽度(QRSw)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者近期主要心脏不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法:选取我院收治的135例STEMI患者为研究对象,按照入院时的心电图QRSw将患者分为A组(QRSw为60 ms≤QRSw≤80 ms)、B组(QRSw为80 msQRSw100 ms)、C组(QRSw为QRSw≥100 ms),将是否发生MACE分为MACE组和非MACE组,比较各组相关指标的差异,分析QRSw与MACE发生的关系。结果:A、B及C组三组患者在梗死面积、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)方面存在显著的统计学差异(P0.05),与A组及B组比较,C组血清hs-CRP、BNP、c Tn I、CK-MB较高,梗死面积大、LVEF偏低。三组患者在MACE发生率方面亦存在显著的统计学差异(P0.05),C组高于A组及B组。MACE组患者QRSw高于非MACE组(P0.05),其含有QRSw≥100 ms患者的比例亦高于非MACE组(P0.05);QRSw(OR=1.214,CI:1.104~1.441,P0.05)是STEMI患者近期MACE发生的独立危险因素。结论:STEMI患者随着QRSw增大,MACE的发生风险亦增加,QRSw可能是STEMI患者近期MACE发生的独立危险因素,应当引起临床重视。     

Redox-state dependent blinking of single photosystem I trimers at around liquid-nitrogen temperature

Efficient light harvesting in a photosynthetic antenna system is disturbed by a ragged and fluctuating energy landscape of the antenna pigments in response to the conformation dynamics of the protein. This situation is especially pronounced in Photosystem I (PSI) containing red shifted chlorophylls (red Chls) with the excitation energy much lower than the primary donor. The present study was conducted to clarify light-harvesting dynamics of PSI isolated from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 by using single-molecule spectroscopy at liquid?nitrogen temperatures. Fluorescence emission at around 720?nm from the red Chls in single PSI trimers was monitored at 80–100?K. Intermittent variations in the emission intensities, so-called blinking, were frequently observed. Its time scale lay in several tens of seconds. The blinking amplitude depended on the redox state of the phylloquinone (A₁). Electrochromic shifts of Chls induced by the negative charge on A₁ were calculated based on the X-ray crystallographic structure. A Chl molecule, Chl-A839 (numbering according to PDB 5OY0), bound near A₁ was found to have a large electrochromic shift. This Chl has strong exciton coupling with neighboring Chl (A838) whose site energy was predicted to be determined by interaction with an arginine residue (ArgF84) [Adolphs et al., 2010]. A possible scenario of the blinking was proposed. Conformational fluctuations of ArgF84 seesaw the excitation-energy of Chl-A838, which perturbs the branching ratio of excitation-energy between the red Chl and the cationic form of P700 as a quencher. The electrochromic shift of Chl-A839 enhances the effect of the conformation dynamics of ArgF84.     

长白山群落交错带长白松和鱼鳞云杉径向生长对气候变暖的响应

长白山是典型的温性针阔叶混交林分布区,也是受全球气候变化影响最为显著的地区之一.为了解该区森林生态系统对气候变化的响应,本研究选取该区阔叶红松林与云冷杉林(又称暗针叶林)群落交错带内优势乔木树种长白松和鱼鳞云杉作为对象,获取树木年轮宽度资料建立标准年表,明确限制2个树种径向生长的关键气候因子.结果表明:长白松和鱼鳞云杉...     

An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam.

In the course of studies on the isolation of bioactive compounds from Philippine plants, the seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam. were examined and from the ethanol extract were isolated the new O-ethyl-4-(α- -rhamnosyloxy)benzyl carbamate (1) together with seven known compounds, 4(α- -rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (2), niazimicin (3), niazirin (4), β-sitosterol (5), glycerol-1-(9-octadecanoate) (6), 3-O-(6′-O-oleoyl-β- -glucopyranosyl)-β-sitosterol (7), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β- -glucopyranoside (8). Four of the isolates (2, 3, 7, and 8), which were obtained in relatively good yields, were tested for their potential antitumor promoting activity using an in vitro assay which tested their inhibitory effects on Epstein–Barr virus-early antigen (EBV-EA) activation in Raji cells induced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). All the tested compounds showed inhibitory activity against EBV-EA activation, with compounds 2, 3 and 8 having shown very significant activities. Based on the in vitro results, niazimicin (3) was further subjected to in vivo test and found to have potent antitumor promoting activity in the two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and TPA as tumor promoter. From these results, niazimicin (3) is proposed to be a potent chemo-preventive agent in chemical carcinogenesis.     

Enzymatic synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid

Immobilised 1,3-specific lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus was used as catalyst for the esterification of -glycero-3-phosphate and fatty acid or fatty acid vinyl ester in a solvent-free system. With lauric acid vinyl ester as acyl donor, a_w<0.53 favored the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphate, LPA1) and the spontaneous acyl migration of the fatty acid on the molecule. Subsequent acylation by the enzyme resulted in high phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphate, PA) formation and high total conversions (>95%). With oleic acid, maximum conversions of 55% were obtained at low water activities. Temperatures below melting point of the product favored precipitation and resulted in high final conversion and high product ratio [LPA/(PA+LPA)]. Thus, LPA was the only product with lauric acid vinyl ester as acyl donor at 25°C. Increased substrate ratio ( -glycero-3-phosphate/fatty acid) from 0.05 to 1 resulted in a higher ratio of LPA to PA formed, but a lower total conversion of -glycero-3-phosphate. Increased amounts of enzyme preparation did not result in higher esterification rates, probably due to high mass-transfer limitations.