应用回春生制剂对肝硬化,各型肝炎治疗效果的观察

取从一健康成人分出的青春型双歧杆菌制成活菌制剂,观察其对肝硬化和各型肝炎的疗效。实验组患者除接受与对照组同样的常规治疗外,加服回春生。检测实验组和对照组麝香草酚浊度试验(TTT)并进行比较,结果表明,用回春生治疗后,肝硬化组34例(P<0.05),慢性活动性肝炎组39例(P<0.01),急性黄疸性肝炎组21例(P<0.05)TTT 比值均明显低于对照组相应为21,32,19例,提示:回春生影响患者肝脏内促进改善蛋白代谢具有较好的调节作用。     

Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9‐1 ameliorates phytohemagglutinin‐induced diarrhea caused by intestinal dysbiosis

Diarrhea is largely caused by dysbiosis accompanying the hyperproliferation of Escherichia coli (E. coli). While current treatments can resolve the symptoms, they cannot suppress the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine. Probiotics have numerous beneficial effects on host health, including restoring the balance of the intestinal microbiota. This study investigated the effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9‐1 (BBG9‐1), which is active in intestinal dysbiosis, in the incidence of diarrhea, in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and in the intestinal tissue of a rat model of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced diarrhea. The rats were treated with PHA, with and without BBG9‐1, and the microbiota composition throughout the intestine and stool was examined using high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. In line with previous reports, PHA administration caused diarrhea as well as dysbiosis due to E. coli hyperproliferation. Histological findings indicated that the jejunal villus length was shortened. Rats that received BBG9‐1 showed clear improvements in dysbiosis, diarrhea symptoms, and jejunal villus length. Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated the microbiota profile to be more similar between the BBG9‐1 and normal groups than between the PHA and normal groups. These results indicated that BBG9‐1 suppresses the hyperproliferation of E. coli and restores the jejunal villus length, thereby improving dysbiosis, and in turn, alleviating the symptoms of diarrhea.     

几丁聚糖对双歧杆菌体外生长的影响

目的观察几丁聚糖对双歧杆菌是否有增菌作用。方法应用分光光度比色法分析几丁聚糖对双歧杆菌体外生长作用的影响,并与中药黄芪对该菌的作用进行比较。结果与对照组比较,几丁聚糖和黄芪浓度分别为2.5 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL时,对双歧杆菌有明显的增殖作用（P〈0.05）。比较两种药物在该浓度时对双歧杆菌的生长作用,虽然黄芪的增殖作用高于几丁聚糖,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 2.5 mg/mL剂量的几丁聚糖体外能够促进双歧杆菌的生长。     

长双歧杆菌发酵培养基的优化

目的对长双歧杆菌液态发酵培养基进行优化。方法以长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumlongum）为发酵菌株,以MRS培养基为基础培养基,以发酵液活菌数为指标,通过单因素添加实验考察发酵培养基的碳源和氮源的种类,并验证优化后培养基的效果。结果优化后培养基的最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为酪蛋白胨、牛肉蛋白胨、水解乳蛋白,发酵液活菌数达到2．09×10^9CFU／mL,比原MRS培养基（1．22×10^9CFU／mL）提高了71．30％。结论优化后培养基优于原MRS基础培养基,可应用于长双歧杆菌的液态发酵。     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗小儿厌食症的疗效及预防复发作用

目的探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗小儿厌食症的疗效及预防复发作用。方法将88例小儿厌食症患者随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以纠正不良饮食习惯、健胃消食药和葡萄糖酸锌等常规治疗。观察组患儿加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片2片,2次／d,连用6周。对照组患儿除不使用双歧杆菌四联活菌片余治疗同观察组。观察两组患儿治疗后临床疗效及药物不良反应情况,并比较治疗后随访半年和1年内的复发率。结果治疗6周后,观察组患儿的总有效率为93．18％,明显高于对照组的77．27％（x^2=4．42,P〈0．05）;两组患儿治疗期间未发生明显的药物不良反应;对治疗有效者进行随访,观察组患儿半年和1年内的复发率均明显低于对照组（x^2=5．07和5．66,P〈0．05）。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗小儿厌食症的疗效较好,安全性佳,并能降低其复发率,具有预防复发的作用。     

Comparative study of Bifidobacteriumanimalis, Escherichiacoli, Lactobacilluscasei and Saccharomycesboulardii probiotic properties

The present work investigates some probiotic properties of four different microorganisms (Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis BB-12, Escherichia coli EMO, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to compare cell wall hydrophobicity, production of antagonistic substances, survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice without pathological consequence, and immune modulation by stimulation of Küpffer cells, intestinal sIgA and IL-10 levels. In vitro antagonism against pathogenic bacteria and yeast was only observed for the probiotic bacteria B. animalis and L. casei. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was higher for B. animalis and E. coli EMO, and this property could be responsible for a better ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice. Higher levels of sIgA were observed mainly for S. boulardii, followed by E. coli EMO and B. animalis, and only S. boulardii induced a significant higher level of IL-10. In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.     

Comparative analysis of four <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-galactosidases from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bifidobacterium bifidum</Emphasis> NCIMB41171: purification and biochemical characterisation

Four different β-galactosidases (previously named BbgI, BbgII, BbgIII and BbgIV) from Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB41171 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and their biochemical properties and substrate preferences comparatively analysed. BbgI was forming a hexameric protein complex of 875 kDa, whereas BbgII, BbgIII and BbgIV were dimers with native molecular masses of 178, 351 and 248 kDa, respectively. BbgII was the only enzyme that preferred acidic conditions for optimal activity (pH 5.4–5.8), whereas the other three exhibited optima in more neutral pH ranges (pH 6.4–6.8). Na⁺ and/or K⁺ ions were prerequisite for BbgI and BbgIV activity in Bis–Tris-buffered solutions, whereas Mg⁺⁺ was strongly activating them in phosphate-buffered solutions. BbgII and BbgIII were slightly influenced from the presence or absence of cations, with Mg⁺⁺, Mn⁺⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ ions exerting the most positive effect. Determination of the specificity constants (k _cat/K _m) clearly indicated that BbgI (6.11 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ M⁻¹), BbgIII (2.36 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ M⁻¹) and especially BbgIV (4.01 × 10⁵ s⁻¹ M⁻¹) are highly specialised in the hydrolysis of lactose, whereas BbgII is more specific for β-d-(1→6) galactobiose (5.59 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ M⁻¹) than lactose (1.48 × 10³ s⁻¹ M⁻¹). Activity measurements towards other substrates (e.g. β-d-(1→6) galactobiose, β-d-(1→4) galactobiose, β-d-(1→4) galactosyllactose, N-acetyllactosamine, etc.) indicated that the β-galactosidases were complementary to each other by hydrolysing different substrates and thus contributing in a different way to the bacterial physiology.     

Genetic and structural comparison of linoleate isomerases from selected food‐grade bacteria

Aims: To advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the capacity of bifidobacteria and lactic bacteria to convert linoleic acid (LA) into conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by the linoleate isomerase (LI). Methods and Results: The potential LI enzymes of selected Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Leuconostoc strains were compared at the genetic, amino acid sequence and functional levels. Genetic analysis was achieved by insertional mutagenesis and hybridization studies using a Lact. reuteri LI probe. Biotransformation studies monitored by gas chromatography showed that Bif. breve is a major CLA producer after the reference Lact. reuteri strain. The putative Bif. breve LI gene was PCR isolated and sequenced. Conclusions: The putative LI gene identified in this study seems essential for bacterial growth. Comparative studies indicate that the deduced protein is membrane bound and reveal the presence of several highly conserved domains among a wide range of Gram‐positive bacteria. Significance and Impact of the Study: Given the multiple health benefits of CLA, the capability of some bacteria to convert LA into CLA is of great relevance. Nevertheless, the yields of CLA remain low, and the regulation of the process is far from being understood. A deeper knowledge of this capacity by the genetic studies is revealing the identity of the LI and will eventually contribute to its control.