茶树CsCCD1和CsCCD4基因的克隆和表达分析

该研究以‘铁观音’茶树为材料,同源克隆了茶树类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶基因CsCCD1和CsCCD4 (NCBI登录号分别为MH119136和MH119137)全长cDNA。序列分析结果显示,CsCCD1序列全长1 766 bp,包含1 641 bp开放阅读框(ORF),编码545个氨基酸,定位于细胞质中,不存在跨膜结构和信号肽;CsCCD4序列全长1 942 bp,包含1 842 bp ORF,编码612个氨基酸,不存在跨膜结构,但在N端具有叶绿体转运肽,定位于质体中。进化树分析显示,CsCCD1和CsCCD4与杜鹃聚为一类。荧光定量检测显示,CsCCD1和CsCCD4在叶、茎和花中表达量较高。在乌龙茶做青过程中,CsCCD1和CsCCD4基因都是从鲜叶到晒青表达量下调,而CsCCD1在一摇和二摇显著上调表达,在三摇后下降;CsCCD4只在一摇后上调表达,之后表达量迅速降低。推测CsCCD1和CsCCD4基因可能与乌龙茶做青香气品质形成关系密切。     

牛樟芝发酵碎红茶及其特性研究

牛樟芝是一种具有良好护肝功能的高等药用真菌,且具有浓郁的芳香。本文利用牛樟芝对碎红茶进行发酵,分析牛樟芝发酵茶风味特征以及对HepG 2细胞酒精损伤的保护作用。研究结果显示,青稞等淀粉质辅料能够促进牛樟芝在碎红茶上的生长。GC-MS分析显示牛樟芝发酵茶含有69种风味成分,主要含有醛类23种、醇类14种、酮类13种,酯类4种、呋喃类4种、吡嗪类3种以及其他5种等。HepG2体外活性分析表明,牛樟芝发酵茶水提物能够有效地保护肝细胞酒精损伤,与模型组相比细胞存活率提高了230%,细胞数量、形态以及贴壁性能得到显著改善。     

寄畅园的造园环境与借景探原

以寄畅园的借景为研究对象,在分析寄畅园外部山林地造园环境的基础上,剖析寄畅园借景的景观与空间特征,以及这一借景景观与地形环境的关联性,揭示水系山势纵横之间的正面全景与侧面景深的组合关系,并在对拙政园、赖久寺庭园等中日园林布局的例证分析中,展现所隐含的山水因借的布局模式。同时梳理历史文献中关于寄畅园借景的变迁过程,指明园林布局对借景变迁的影响。     

江西省弋阳叠山书院园林变迁钩沉——基于元明清社会环境视角

采用文献考证法、田野调查法与逻辑演绎法,以元明清社会环境为视角,分析弋阳叠山书院园林变迁及其动力。自元代至清代,从变迁形式来看,书院园林选址从郊野山林迁入为城市高胜地,布局从单轴线前祀后学的建筑空间形态发展成双轴多进深多院落的园林空间形态,园林文化从以儒学文化为主转变为儒道释俗文化共存。从变迁动力来看,政治环境和经济支持是书院园林建设发展的基础,政体态度决定了书院园林存亡及其社会意义,经济支持在书院维系和官学化方面具有显著影响力,文化环境受政治环境影响,包容的政治环境允许延续宋儒品格,严苛的政治环境禁锢自由文风,因此文化环境对书院园林的选址、空间布局与文化确立起到关键作用力。     

Early phenology and growth trait variation in closely related European pine species

Closely related taxa occupying different environments are valuable systems for studying evolution. In this study, we examined differences in early phenology (bud set, bud burst) and early growth in a common garden trial of closely related pine species: Pinus sylvestris, P. mugo, and P. uncinata. Seeds for the trial were sourced from populations across the ranges of each species in Europe. Over first 4 years of development, clear differences were observed between species, while the most significant intraspecific differentiation was observed among plants from P. sylvestris populations from continental European locations. Trait differences within P. sylvestris were highly correlated with altitude and latitude of the site of origin. Meanwhile, P. mugo populations from the Carpathians had the earliest bud set and bud flush compared to other populations of the species. Overall, populations from the P. mugo complex from heterogeneous mountain environments and P. sylvestris from the Scottish Highlands showed the highest within‐population variation for the focal traits. Although the three species have been shown to be genetically highly similar, this study reveals large differences in key adaptive traits both among and within species.     

二倍体蔷薇FT基因序列多样性研究

以3个类群73个二倍体蔷薇属(Rosa)植物为材料,克隆获得其FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)同源基因,并对该基因的编码区序列进行多态性分析以及多维尺度(MDS)聚类分析。结果显示,73个二倍体蔷薇植物的FT基因共检测到215个核苷酸多态性位点,其中包括214个SNP和1个缺失突变,平均185个碱基发生1次突变;氨基酸多态性分析结果显示共有35个氨基酸发生变异,平均379.6个氨基酸残基发生1次突变;突变位点统计分析结果发现39、258、426 bp位点是高频突变位点,其碱基由A或C突变为T。MDS聚类分析结果表明,3个类群FT基因编码区序列的碱基组内差异依次排序为:野生种月季组中国古老月季,氨基酸组内差异依次排序为:中国古老月季月季组野生种,推测中国古老月季在长期栽培驯化过程中,其FT基因可能经历了较强的人工选择压力,月季组的种和变种可能是古老月季的重要亲本来源。     

Bioinformatics analysis to identify possible mechanisms of action of curcumin against tea geometrid

Curcumin, a bright yellow chemical produced from curcuma longa root, is an effective insecticide, but how it works against pests such as tea geometrid (E. obliqua) is unclear. Here possible protein targets of curcumin were identified in the PubChem database, and possible targets in tea geometrid were identified using RNA sequencing; then, both sets of candidate targets were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The results predict that curcumin may affect several signalling proteins in tea geometrid, including TOP2B, TP53, MDM4, YWHAB, TOP2A, MDM2 and EP300; these proteins are involved in key biological processes including the cell cycle; DNA replication, recombination and repair; cellular assembly and organization; and cell death and survival. These results illustrate the power of integrative informatics and chemical fragment analysis for focusing mechanistic studies of botanical insecticides.     

植物园活植物信息管理计算机化的现状及前景

植物园活植物信息管理系统是植物园适应时代和自身发展需要,首先在西方发展起来的一种新的植物园活植物信息管理手段,本文综述了植物园活植物信息管理系统发展的基础和国内外发展的现状,分析了活植物信息计算机化过程中存在的问题及发展前景