嗜肺巴氏杆菌L型的诱导及其流行病学意义初探

目的 探讨L型嗜肺巴氏杆菌在诊断学及流行病学上的意义。方法 青霉素液体法诱导,并对嗜肺巴氏杆菌L型的生物学特性进行系统观察。结果 嗜肺巴氏杆菌L型具有典型的“煎蛋状”（L型）和“丝状”（F 型）菌落,扫描电镜观察,L型菌体呈球状、杆状、长丝状;革兰染色呈阴性、缠绕的长丝体,并具有圆球体及巨型体,细胞壁染色显示细胞壁缺失;对紫外线、新洁尔灭抵抗力较原菌增强5~10倍;自然干燥环境中,原菌2 d死亡,而L型可存活12 d;能透过0.45μm滤膜;回复的最初几代,其菌体形态较原菌大数倍。结论 L型嗜肺巴氏杆菌在形态学方面有较大变化,对理化因素及外界环境抵抗力增强,有可能透过胎盘屏障垂直传播。本研究提示L型嗜肺巴氏杆菌在该菌诊断学及流行病学上有重要意义。     

O139型霍乱菌苗生产用菌株93—3稳定性研究

Ｏ１３９型霍乱菌苗生产用菌株９３－３经过３０代连续传代,与原代菌株作比较,结果表明：该菌传代前后表型生物学特征（生长特性,生化反应,特异性血清学反应,耐药性等）,及遗传学特征（Ｇ＋Ｃｍｏｌ％测定）均未发现明显差异,证明该菌株具有较好的稳定性。     

The evolutionary dynamics of local infection and global reproduction in host–parasite interactions

A fundamental question in both evolutionary biology and parasitology is why do different levels of virulence evolve in different parasites. Here we use explicitly spatial lattice models to show how the spatial relationships of infection and host reproduction determine the degree of virulence that will occur. When the reproduction of the host acts over larger spatial scales than the infection process higher virulence is predicted. In contrast to both the mean-field and the case where infection acts over larger spatial scales than reproduction, the transmission and virulence predicted are always finite as "self-shading" of infected individuals always occurs. This process may help to explain the evolution of the high virulence of larval diseases of insects where reproduction clearly acts over greater distances than infection.     

不同寄主来源的根虫瘟霉菌株对小菜蛾幼虫的毒力比较

在不同寄主来源的4株根虫瘟霉Zoophthora radicans对小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella 2龄幼虫的生物测定中,发现源于小菜蛾的菌株ARSEF1100毒力最强,在0.53～319.32/mm²的孢子剂量下,接种后第8 天累计死亡率为2.38%～97.44%,虫尸全部表现典型的虫瘟霉症状;源于叶蝉的ARSEF2699和F99101菌株的同日累计死亡率分别为2.38%～50.00% (剂量为1.56～314.84/mm²孢子)和2.38%～57.89% (剂量为1.84～484.08/mm²的孢子);而源于菜粉蝶的ARSEF1342菌株在3.54～633.0/mm²的孢子剂量下只引发6.52%～13.63%的累计死亡率,后3个菌株致死的小菜蛾幼虫仅部分表现典型症状。所获数据经时间剂量-死亡率模型模拟分析,剂量效应参数依次为ARSEF1100 (1.89) > F99101 (1.48) > ARSEF2699 (1.23) > ARSEF1342 (0.37),相互间差异均达极显著水平。接种后4～8 天内,ARSEF1100的LD₅₀值分别为231.68、113.08、71.41、40.87和35.30/mm²的孢子,其毒力远高于其余3个菌株;ARSEF2699的相应LD₅₀值为1344.43、922.39、555.58、410.06和397.07/mm²的孢子;F99101的LD₅₀值为666.86、451.64、413.82、350.65和332.57/mm²的孢子,而ARSEF1342的毒力太弱难以估计。这些结果表明,ARSEF1100菌株最有希望用于小菜蛾的微生物防治。     

褐飞虱对抗性水稻品种Mudgo个体致害性指标

在28±1℃下,观测了褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens羽化24?h内短翅型雌成虫在敏感水稻品种TN1及抗性品种Mudgo上的寿命及体重增量。结果表明,取食抗性品种时,试虫的平均增重与寿命之间表现出明显的正相关。寿命在7天内的个体,存活期间平均体重增量为负值,而存活7天以上的个体则平均增重明显。进一步研究了初羽化的褐飞虱长翅型雌成虫在TN1及Mudgo上取食第1～4天的体重增量、寿命及产卵量,结果发现试虫在Mudgo上的这3个生物学参数之间存在明显正相关。其中,寿命及体重增量较好地反映出害虫个体对抗性品种的致害能力,可作为个体致害性指标。根据研究结果,提出将羽化后在Mudgo上存活7天以上或最初4天内体重增量大于0.1mg的雌成虫定为能够致害该抗性品种的个体。     

细菌人工染色体的研究和应用

细菌人工染色体 (Bacterialartificialchromosome ,BAC)是第二代大片段DNA的克隆载体系统。因其嵌合率低 ,遗传稳定性好 ,重组DNA容易分离和制备 ,转化效率高等 ,弥补了YAC的不足 ,很快在基因组研究中处于中心地位。近年来 ,已有多种BAC载体被构建出来 ,这些BAC载体在复杂基因组大片段文库的构建 ,基因的图位克隆 ,基因组物理图谱的构建 ,基因和基因组测序 ,基因组织结构分析 ,染色体组织和进化 ,以及基因的遗传转化和调控研究中得到了广泛的应用。     

细菌sRNA与群体感应系统相互作用研究进展

细菌s RNA是一类长度在40-500 nt之间的非编码RNA,在细菌细胞感应外界环境压力变化、控制基因表达方面发挥着重要的作用。本文综述了细菌s RNA与群体感应系统相互作用在调控基因表达方面的研究进展,对揭示细菌错综复杂的代谢调控过程,以及了解细菌对外界环境变化的响应机制具有十分重要的意义。     

Inhibition of bacterial growth and galactosyltransferase activity of WbwC by α, ω-bis(3-alkyl-1H-imidazolium)alkane salts: Effect of varying carbon content

A series of compounds was designed and synthesized having two imidazolium rings separated by a polymethylene spacer and having alkyl substituents on each of the imidazolium rings. The compounds were assayed for their effects on the activity of galactosyltransferase WbwC, and also on the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as human cells. The inhibition observed on enzyme activities and cell growth was dependent on the total number of carbons in the spacer and the alkyl substituents on the imidazolium rings. These readily synthesized, achiral compounds have potential as antimicrobial and antiseptic agents.     

The phylogenetic structure of the genus Acinetobacter

Abstract A N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) specific bacterial lectin-like substance from Eikenella corrodens 1073 (EcLS) was found to have potent mitogenic activity when cultured with splenocytes from BALB/c mice. The results indicated that B lymphocytes are the major cell type responding to EcLS. The mitogenic activity of EcLS was dose-dependent, and the optimal concentration was around 5 μg/ml. The mitogenic activity did not appear to be due to a bacterial endotoxin, as GalNAc inhibited the mitogenic activity of EcLS, but did not inhibit the activity of lipopolysaccharide isolated from E. corrodens . EcLS stimulated murine B lymphocytes not only to proliferate, but also to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, as demonstrated by the production of immunoglobulin by B lymphocytes stimulated with EcLS. These findings suggest that EcLS is a novel lectin that not only induces B lymphocyte proliferation, but also differentiation.     

The Bacteriological Profiles of Freshwater Snail (Pila Ovata) Subjected to Microcosms Simulating Local Storage Conditions

Freshwater snails (Pila ovata) were collected and subjected to four different storage microcosms: body of stagnant water (BSW), body of water changed intermittently (BWCI), hibernating condition (HC) and depuration process (DP). Samples from the different microcosms were analysed for microbiological profiles and dynamics. A significant (P= 0.05) increase (≈1.30 log c.f.u g⁻¹) occurred in samples exposed to BSW. In contrast, unappreciable change was observed in samples subjected to BWCI. Much higher microbial populations were found in the intestines. Hibernation resulted in initial (i.e. within the first 3 months) microbial decrease but increase occurred thereafter. A more heterogeneous bacterial flora was observed at the initial stage of HC but anaerobic spore-formers dominated at the end of the HC. A significant (P= 0.05) microbial decrease occurred within 2 days of DP but thereafter remained virtually unchanged. The pH of samples exposed to BSW increased drastically. The observed microbial profiles have demonstrated the impacts of different microcosms on the potential risk or safety of freshwater snails to consumers. These therefore have underscored the importance of adequate processing/cooking prior to consumption of freshwater snails.