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51.
By application of immunocytochemical techniques at the electron microscope level, glucoamylase was localized to the cell periphery in Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum during and following growth on starch, sucrose or glucose. Levels of immunolabelling were found to be relatively independent of growth substrate and of phase of growth, whereas previous studies had demonstrated strong dependence of glucoamylase activity on growth conditions; previously high levels of glucoamylase activity had been detected after growth on starch (i.e. during the stationary phase after growth) and only very low activities detected during exponential growth and following growth on glucose. The results presented demonstrate that levels of the glucoamylase protein are independent of measurable enzyme activity, and imply that the protein is constitutive. This indicates that the protein can exist in active and inactive states in the cell. By analogy with similar systems, we consider it likely that maturation or activation of newly synthesized glucoamylase occurs during (or following) transport through the cytoplasmic membrane. Electron microscopy of individual protein molecules which had been subjected to negative staining revealed that the enzyme consists of two domains of approximately equal size which are linked by a hinge region. 相似文献
52.
Unformulated conidia of Beauveria bassiana were stored at five different temperatures (0°, 10°, 20°, 30° and 40°C) at six different relative humidities (RH) (0, 33, 53, 75, 85 and 98%). Conidial viabilities and virulence against third instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera were determined over a 24‐month period. Conidia survived longest at lower temperatures (0–20°C) and lower RH levels (0–53% RH). At higher temperatures (30–40°C) conidia did not survive. When the temperature was decreased from 30°C to 0°C, at nearly all RH levels the longevity of conidia increased. Conidia remained virulent for third instar larvae of H. armigera under favourable storage conditions for 24 months. 相似文献
53.
Shiro Higashi Akinori Nakashima Hideki Ozaki Mikiko Abe Toshiki Uchiumi 《Journal of plant research》1993,106(1):47-54
The process of digestion of captured feeds in a pitcher, an insect-trapping organ, ofNepenthes was studied. Changes in bacterial population, pH and NH4
+ concentrations in pitcher juice were examined. Strong activities of both acid- and alkaline phosphatase, phosphoamidase,
esterase C4 and esterase C8 were found in the pitcher juice. Optimum pH of proteases in the juice and those secreted from
bacteria showed pH 3.0 and pH 8.0–9.0, respectively. Twenty six strains of bacteria were isolated from 4 pitchers: 10 strains
were gram positive, 16 strains were gram negative (10 strains had casein hydrolase activity). A proton excretion was induced
by NH4
+ released from the added solutions, and accordingly, the pH of the solutions fell. As a simulation model of the digestion
process of feeds in pitcher juice and polypeptone solution was added into the washed pitcher. A good correlation was found
among the NH4
+ concentration, pH and bacterial cell titer. 相似文献
54.
55.
Four German isolates (FS1, SR2, SAW1 and DEG2) of Bremia lactucae originating from lettuce cultivars with R‐factors R18 and Dm6 + R36 were used for detailed characterization of virulence factors (v‐factors) and for the study of the resistance efficiency in wild Lactuca spp. germplasm. The highest complexity of v‐phenotype was recognized in isolate DEG2, which overcomes resistance in cv. Mariska (R18) and line CS‐RL (L. serriola × L. sativa, R18 + ?), until now known as resistant to all known races of B. lactucae in Europe. However, some sparse sporulation also occurred on cv. Titan (Dm6 + R36). The isolates SR2 and SAW1 overcome the resistance based on the gene R36, but are avirulent to R18. The v‐phenotype of SR2 is highly complex with the most important v‐factors being present except for v14 and v18. The isolate FS1 is the first in Germany originating from a cultivar with R18 (cv. Samourai). The search for efficient sources of resistance in 64 accessions of 11 wild Lactuca spp. and primitive forms of L. sativa showed broad variation in accession–isolate interactions. Expression of race‐specific resistance in wild Lactuca spp. (L. serriola, L. viminea, L. virosa) was recorded frequently. Lactuca indica and L. saligna could be considered as the most efficient sources of resistance against isolates FS1, SR2 and SAW1. The isolate DEG2 showed the highest level of virulence. On seedlings of L. saligna, which is considered as a most important source of resistance against B. lactucae, there was frequently recorded limited sporulation, however this response cannot be considered as a susceptible. Except for some L. saligna accessions (CGN 05310 and CGN 05315), the resistance to all studied isolates was only observed in one accession of L. serriola (PI 253467). 相似文献
56.
金黄色葡萄球菌L型和人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关系的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用改良革兰氏染色和免疫组化染色(ABC法),对270例宫颈癌和33例慢性宫颈炎进行了研究。结果发现,宫颈癌革兰氏染色切片中细菌L型感染率(75.1%)明显高于慢性宫颈炎(45.5%)(P<0.05),金黄色葡萄球菌L型抗原阳性率(76.2%)明显高于人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原阳性率(57.1%)。L型、HPV混合感染率为42.8%。上述结果表明宫颈癌中金葡菌L型与HPV感染均常见,尤其金葡菌L型感染更为多见;金葡菌L型与HPV感染的致病特征相似,两者均有不同程度的空泡细胞出现。提示金葡菌L型感染可能也是宫颈癌的致癌重要因素之一。 相似文献
57.
本文在50例行肺切除术中,分别采集病肺、支气管切缘、健侧支气管内分泌物450份,做常规细菌和细菌L型培养及药敏试验。分离出需氧菌和真菌60株,厌氧菌12株、细菌L型42株。菌群主要分布在病肺内约占50%。需氧菌种中G+球菌占61.7%,葡萄球菌多见;其次G ̄+杆菌占23.3%,以肠杆菌科细菌为主。厌氧菌占细菌型16.7%。细菌L型特点与细菌型一致。围术期选择作用于细胞壁和细胞质的抗生素,以杀灭细菌型及细菌L型感染。 相似文献
58.
Although bacterial species display wide variation in their overall GC contents, the genes within a particular species' genome
are relatively similar in base composition. As a result, sequences that are novel to a bacterial genome—i.e., DNA introduced
through recent horizontal transfer—often bear unusual sequence characteristics and can be distinguished from ancestral DNA.
At the time of introgression, horizontally transferred genes reflect the base composition of the donor genome; but, over time,
these sequences will ameliorate to reflect the DNA composition of the new genome because the introgressed genes are subject
to the same mutational processes affecting all genes in the recipient genome. This process of amelioration is evident in a
large group of genes involved in host-cell invasion by enteric bacteria and can be modeled to predict the amount of time required
after transfer for foreign DNA to resemble native DNA. Furthermore, models of amelioration can be used to estimate the time
of introgression of foreign genes in a chromosome. Applying this approach to a 1.43-megabase continuous sequence, we have
calculated that the entire Escherichia coli chromosome contains more than 600 kb of horizontally transferred, protein-coding DNA. Estimates of amelioration times indicate
that this DNA has accumulated at a rate of 31 kb per million years, which is on the order of the amount of variant DNA introduced
by point mutations. This rate predicts that the E. coli and Salmonella enterica lineages have each gained and lost more than 3 megabases of novel DNA since their divergence.
Received: 7 July 1996 / Accepted: 27 September 1996 相似文献
59.
Tatsuo Suzutani Shin Koyano Minoru Takada Itsuro Yoshida Masanobu Azuma 《Microbiology and immunology》1995,39(10):787-794
The virulence of thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1; VRTK? strain) and type 2 (HSV-2; UWTK? strain) was studied in comparison with that of their parental strains (VR-3 and UW-268, respectively) in an encephalitis model of adult (4-week-old) and newborn (3-day-old) mice. Viral thymidine kinase (TK) activity was essential for the maximum expression of virulence of HSV-1, because the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of VRTK? was 60 times higher than that of VR-3 in the brains of newborn mice expressing high levels of cellular TK activity. However, the UWTK? strain showed the same virulence as the parental strain in newborn mice, despite the lack virulence in adults, suggesting that replication of the UWTK? strain was completely supported by cellular TK activity. This difference in the role of viral and cellular TKs for virus growth between HSV-1 and HSV-2 was confirmed with the one-step growth of virus strains in L-M and L-M(TK?) cells. 相似文献
60.
It was previously reported thatHistoplasma capsulatum (Hc) yeast not only failed to stimulate a murine macrophage oxidative burst (OB), but they also blunted or abolished OB stimulation by a subsequent encounter with potent stimuli such as zymosan or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The present studies show that macrophage deactivation is proportional to the time of incubation and the dose of Hc yeast that induce the deactivated state. Hc yeast derived from a virulent strain (G217B) are more efficient inducers of macrophage deactivation than similar preparations derived from the avirulent Downs Hc strain. Yeast cells of two other pathogenic fungi,Candida albicans andCryptococcus neoformans are shown to stimulate rather than deactivate a macrophage OB. 相似文献