超高静压协同中温对凝结芽孢杆菌芽孢灭活动力学规律的研究

研究了超高静压协同中温对凝结芽孢杆菌芽孢在磷酸缓冲液和牛奶(经超高温灭菌)中灭活的动力学规律, 并对超高静压的升压过程及相应的灭活效果进行了研究。结果表明, 升压过程对凝结芽孢杆菌芽孢灭活的影响不能忽略, 且随压力增加这种效果越强, 最高使其下降1.77个数量级; 凝结芽孢杆菌芽孢在牛奶中比在磷酸缓冲液中有更高的抗性; 在3种拟合模型(线性、Weibull和Log-logistic模型)中, 线性模型不适合模拟这些存活曲线, 而Log-logistic模型能更好地模拟这些存活曲线, 其次是Weibull模型。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌产苏云金素菌株CT-43及其 缺失突变株的差异蛋白

[目的]苏云金素(Thuringiensin)的合成和代谢途径的相关研究在国内外一直进展缓慢,本文拟从蛋白质组水平揭示与苏云金素合成或代谢相关的蛋白.[方法]利用双向电泳技术研究了高产苏云金素的苏云金芽胞杆菌野生菌株CT-43、其高产突变菌株CT-43-1C及不产突变菌株BMB0806在蛋白表达水平的差异,然后对差异蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,最后对鉴定出的蛋白进行生物信息学分析.[结果]与野生型和高产菌株相比,在BMB0806中发现了13个差异显著的蛋白点,鉴定出了其中的9个,生物信息学结果显示有6个蛋白可能与苏云金素合成或代谢相关.[结论]通过蛋白质组研究找到了6个可能与苏云金素合成或代谢相关的蛋白,为苏云金素合成基因簇的克隆和合成途径的验证提供了有力的证据.     

Isocitrate dehydrogenase: A NADPH-generating enzyme in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum

The aim of the present study was the investigation of the occurrence of NADPH-generating pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum others then hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. A significant isocitrate and a moderate malate-dependent NADP⁺ reduction were observed in endoplasmic reticulum-derived rat liver microsomes. The isocitrate-dependent activity was very likely attributable to the appearance of the cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase isozyme in the lumen. The isocitrate dehydrogenase activity of microsomes was present in the luminal fraction; it showed a strong preference towards NADP⁺versus NAD⁺, and it was almost completely latent. Antibodies against the cytosolic isoform of isocitrate dehydrogenase immunorevealed a microsomal protein of identical molecular weight; the microsomal enzyme showed similar kinetic parameters and oxalomalate inhibition as the cytosolic one. Measurable luminal isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was also present in microsomes from rat epididymal fat. The results suggest that isocitrate dehydrogenase is an important NADPH-generating enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum.     

Glycyrrhetinic acid as inhibitor or amplifier of permeability transition in rat heart mitochondria

Glycyrrhetinic acid (GE), a hydrolysis product of glycyrrhizic acid, one of the main constituents of licorice root, is able, depending on its concentration, to prevent or to induce the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) (a phenomenon related to oxidative stress) in rat heart mitochondria (RHM). In RHM, below a threshold concentration of 7.5 μM, GE prevents oxidative stress and MPT induced by supraphysiological Ca²⁺ concentrations. Above this concentration, GE induces oxidative stress by interacting with a Fe-S centre of Complex I, thus producing ROS, and amplifies the opening of the transition pore, once again induced by Ca²⁺. GE also inhibits Ca²⁺ transport in RHM, thereby preventing the oxidative stress induced by the cation. However, the reduced amount of Ca²⁺ transported in the matrix is sufficient to predispose adenine nucleotide translocase for pore opening. Comparisons between observed results and the effects of GE in rat liver mitochondria (RLM), in which the drug induces only MPT without exhibiting any protective effect, confirm that it interacts in a different way with RHM, suggesting tissue specificity for its action. The concentration dependence of the opposite effects of GE, in RHM but not RLM, is most probably due to the existence of a different, more complex, pathway by means of which GE reaches its target. It follows that high GE concentrations are necessary to stimulate the oxidative stress capable of inducing MPT, because of the above effect, which prevents the interaction of low concentrations of GE with the Fe-S centre. The reported results also explain the mechanism of apoptosis induction by GE in cardiomyocytes.     

A novel site-specific recombination system derived from bacteriophage phiMR11

We report identification of a novel site-specific DNA recombination system that functions in both in vivo and in vitro, derived from lysogenic Staphylococcus aureus phage phiMR11. In silico analysis of the phiMR11 genome indicated orf1 as a putative integrase gene. Phage and bacterial attachment sites (attP and attB, respectively) and attachment junctions were determined and their nucleotide sequences decoded. Sequences of attP and attB were mostly different to each other except for a two bp common core that was the crossover point. We found several inverted repeats adjacent to the core sequence of attP as potential protein binding sites. The precise and efficient integration properties of phiMR11 integrase were shown on attP and attB in Escherichia coli and the minimum size of attP was found to be 34bp. In in vitro assays using crude or purified integrase, only buffer and substrate DNAs were required for the recombination reaction, indicating that other bacterially encoded factors are not essential for activity.     

The interplay between hMLH1 and hMRE11: role in MMR and the effect of hMLH1 mutations

Our previous studies indicate that hMRE11 plays a role in MMR, and this function of hMRE11 is most likely mediated by the hMLH1-hMRE11 interaction. Here, we explored the functional implications of the hMLH1-hMRE11 interaction in MMR and the effects of hMLH1 mutations on their interaction. Our in vitro MMR assay demonstrated that the dominant-negative hMRE11^452-634 mutant peptide (i.e., harboring only the hMLH1-interacting domain) imparted a significant reduction in both 3′ excision and 3′-directed MMR activities. Furthermore, the expression of hMRE11^452-634, and to a lesser extent hMRE11^1-634 (ATLD1), impaired G2/M checkpoint control in response to MNU and cisplatin treatments, rendering cells resistant to killings by these two anticancer drugs. Analysis of 38 hMLH1 missense mutations showed that the majority of mutations caused significant (>50%) reductions in their interaction with hMRE11, suggesting a potential link between aberrant protein interaction and the pathogenic effects of hMLH1 variants.     

Effect of Bcl11b genotypes and gamma-radiation on the development of mouse thymic lymphomas

Bcl11b is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene and expressed in many tissues such as thymus, brain and skin. Irradiated Bcl11b^+/− heterozygous mice mostly develop thymic lymphomas, but the preference of Bcl11b inactivation for thymic lymphomas remains to be addressed. We produced Bcl11b^+/− heterozygous and Bcl11b wild-type mice of p53^+/− background and compared their incidence of γ-ray induced thymic lymphomas. Majority of the tumors in p53^+/− mice were skin tumors, and only 5 (36%) of the 14 tumors were thymic lymphomas. In contrast, Bcl11b^+/−p53^+/− doubly heterozygous mice developed thymic lymphomas at the frequency of 27 (79%) of the 34 tumors developed (P = 0.008). This indicates the preference of Bcl11b impairment for thymic lymphoma development. We also analyzed loss of the wild-type alleles in the 27 lymphomas, a predicted consequence given by γ-irradiation. However, the loss frequency was low, only six (22%) for Bcl11b and five (19%) for p53. The frequencies did not differ from those of spontaneously developed thymic lymphomas in the doubly heterozygous mice, though the latency of lymphoma development markedly differed between them. This suggests that the main contribution of irradiation at least in those mice is not for the tumor initiation by inducing allelic losses but probably for the promotion of thymic lymphoma development.     

蜡状芽孢杆菌S1发酵条件的研究

对一种新近分离的蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus Cereus)菌株S1发酵产新型抗真菌多肽APS的发酵培养基组成（碳,氮源）和工艺条件（发酵温度,初始,PH,通气方式和通气量）进行了摸索,通过单因互实验和正交优化实验,确定了S1发酵培养基的组成。麸皮5％,玉米粉5％,尿素0．2％,或NH4NO31．5％,酵母浸亮1．5％,葡萄糖6％,NaCl0．1％;最适发酵培养温度为28度;最适发酵培养初始Ph为7．4或6．8,。在优化条件下,效价最高为8－10mg/ml,S1生长的最适温度和初始PH为30度和7．0,通气对S1发酵具有显著的影响。