SARS-CoV-2 NSP7和NSP8的研究进展

冠状病毒进入细胞后以基因组RNA作为转录本,翻译产生多聚蛋白,多聚蛋白水解后产生16种功能各异的非结构蛋白(Nonstructural Protein,NSP).其中,NSP7和NSP8对病毒的RNA复制过程和RNA聚合酶活性非常重要.对新型冠状病毒(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ...     

丹黄祛瘀胶囊联合阿奇霉素对慢性盆腔炎患者血液流变学和血清炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：观察阿奇霉素联合丹黄祛瘀胶囊在慢性盆腔炎患者中的应用价值。方法：研究病例选自2019年6月至2021年6月期间我院收治的慢性盆腔炎患者127例,采用随机数字表法将符合要求的患者分为对照组（63例,阿奇霉素治疗）和观察组（64例,丹黄祛瘀胶囊联合阿奇霉素治疗）,两组均治疗2周。对比两组疗效、临床症状消失时间、血液流变学和血清炎症因子变化情况,观察两组不良反应的发生情况,并作记录。结果：观察组临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的腰骶胀痛、下腹疼痛、带下异常等症状消失时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗2周后的白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、C反应蛋白（CRP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗2周后的全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、纤维蛋白原及红细胞沉降率低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者的不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：慢性盆腔炎在阿奇霉素治疗基础上联合丹黄祛瘀胶囊,症状得到明显缓解,同时还可改善机体血液流变学和炎症因子水平,临床应用价值较好。     

国产阿齐霉素治疗细菌感染的研究

２０７例细菌性感染疾病患者,其中１０７例用国产阿齐霉素片治疗与１００例用进口阿齐霉素胶囊治疗进行随机对照观察,结果两组痊愈率分别为５２．３４％和６３％,有效率各为９３．４６％和９２％,两组临床症状、体征消退时间相似,二组细菌清除率分别为９６．４３％和９４％,二组不良反应发生率少而轻微,分别为１．８７％和１％,上述结果表明国产阿齐霉素片治疗细菌性感染与进口阿齐霉素同样安全有效。     

阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MMP)的疗效。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年3月收治的100例MMP患儿,将其随机分为对照组和实验组各50例,对照组采用静脉滴注阿奇霉素治疗,实验组在对照组基础上口服孟鲁司特钠片。比较两组患儿的治疗效果、哮喘发生率及不良反应。结果:实验组患儿治疗后退热时间、止咳时间、住院时间分别为(1.69±0.99)d、(3.39±1.48)d、(6.15±2.02)d,明显低于对照组的(3.95±2.45)d、(5.92±3.32)d、(8.86±1.78)d,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);实验组患儿儿童支原体肺炎诱发哮喘的发病率为10%(5/50),显著低于对照组的48%(24/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在治疗过程中均未见明显不良反应。结论:阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童MMP能明显提高患者的治疗效果,且能有效降低儿童支原体肺炎诱发哮喘的发病率,值得临床推广。     

阿齐霉素联合头孢噻肟钠治疗老年社区获得性肺炎

目的探讨阿齐霉素联合头孢噻肟对老年社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的临床效果和安全性。方法84例老年CAP随机分为2组。治疗组42例,给阿齐霉素0.5 g,po,qd,连用3 d,同时给头孢噻肟钠2.0 g,静滴,bid。对照组42例,给头孢噻肟钠2.0 g静滴,bid。2组总疗程14 d。结果治疗组与对照组的总有效率分别为90.5%和73.8%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组的细菌总清除率分别为80.0%和78.9%,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论阿齐霉素联用头孢噻肟钠治疗老年社区获得性肺炎安全、有效。     

Determination of erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and azithromycin in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection

In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitative determination of erythromycin (EM), roxithromycin (RXM), and azithromycin (AZM) in rat plasma with amperometric detection under a standardized common condition using clarithromycin (CAM) as an internal standard. This method was also proved to be applicable for the determination of CAM by employing RXM as an internal standard. Each drug was extracted from 150 μl of plasma sample spiked with internal standard under an alkaline condition with tert.-butyl methyl ether. The detector cell potential for the oxidation of the drugs was set at +950 mV. The linearity of the calibration curves were preserved over the concentration ranges of 0.1–10 μg/ml for EM and RXM, and 0.03–3.0 μg/ml for CAM and AZM. Coefficients of variation and relative error were less than 9% and ±7%, respectively. The analytical method presented here was proved to be useful for the investigation of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of EM, CAM, RXM, and AZM in rats.     

Enhancing azithromycin antibacterial activity by encapsulation in liposomes/liposomal-N-acetylcysteine formulations against resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli

E. coli is an Enterobacteriaceae that could develop resistance to various antibiotics and become a multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterium. Options for treating MDR E. coli are limited and the pipeline is somewhat dry when it comes to antibiotics for MDR bacteria, so we aimed to explore more options to help in treating MDR E. coli. The purpose of this study is to examine the synergistic effect of a liposomal formulations of co-encapsulated azithromycin and N-acetylcysteine against E. coli. Liposomal azithromycin (LA) and liposomal azithromycin/N-acetylcysteine (LAN) were compared to free azithromycin. A broth dilution was used to measure the MIC and MBC of both formulations. The biofilm reduction activity, thermal stability measurements, stability studies, and cell toxicity analysis were performed. LA and LAN effectively reduced the MIC of E. coli SA10 strain, to 3 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml respectively. LAN at 1 × MIC recorded a 93.22% effectiveness in reducing an E. coli SA10 biofilm. The LA and LAN formulations were also structurally stable to 212 ± 2 °C and 198 ± 3 °C, respectively. In biological conditions, the formulations were largely stable in PBS conditions; however, they illustrated limited stability in sputum and plasma. We conclude that the formulation presented could be a promising therapy for E. coli resistance circumstances, providing the stability conditions have been enhanced.     

莨菪碱对阿奇霉素治疗肺炎患儿的影响

目的:观察山莨菪碱(654-2)减轻阿奇霉素治疗肺炎患儿过程不良反应的影响。方法:抽取住院肺炎患儿212例,随机分为阿奇霉素联合654-2注射液治疗组(106例)和阿奇霉素治疗组(106例)。观察两组的疗效。结果:阿奇霉素联合654-2注射液治疗组的副作用发生率低于阿奇霉素治疗组(P<0.05),且疗效前者也明显优于后者(P<0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合654-2注射液治疗肺炎患儿不仅可减轻副作用而且能提高疗效。     

早期应用益生菌联合阿奇霉素对特发性肺间质纤维化的治疗

目的探讨早期应用益生菌联合阿奇霉素治疗特发性肺间质纤维化的临床效果。方法选取我院2015年1月至2018年1月102例确诊为特发性肺间质纤维化的患者为研究对象并随机分为对照组、阿奇霉素组和益生菌联合应用组,每组各34例。对照组患者给予戒烟、低流量吸氧、抗感染、止咳化痰以及激素治疗,阿奇霉素组在对照组基础上加用阿奇霉素,益生菌联合应用组在阿奇霉素组的基础上加用益生菌联合治疗。3组患者均连续用药3个月,观察并对比治疗前后3组患者的临床疗效、不良反应发生率,血气变化以及肺功能情况。结果治疗后3组患者肺功能状况均有不同程度的改善,其中对照组、阿奇霉素组和益生菌联合应用组的有效率分别为50.00%,76.47%和97.06%,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=5.124 0、17.000 0、4.610 0,P=0.024 0、0.000 1、0.032 0)。治疗后对照组、阿奇霉素组和益生菌联合应用组的不良反应发生率分别为47.06%,23.53%和2.94%,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=4.121 0、15.373 0、4.610 0,P=0.042 0、0.000 1、0.032 0)。与治疗前相比,3组患者治疗后PaO_2均有不同程度的升高,但PaCO_2和pH的变化不明显。与治疗前相比,治疗后3组患者肺活量、用力肺活量、第1秒用力肺活量、一氧化碳弥散量均有不同程度提高。结论早期应用益生菌联合阿奇霉素对特发性肺间质纤维化的疗效较好。     

乙酰半胱氨酸辅助治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及对CD分子含量的影响

目的:探讨乙酰半胱氨酸辅助治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效及对CD分子含量的影响。方法:选择2019年1月至2019年12月我院收治的90例支原体肺炎患儿,通过随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组45例。对照组给予常规处理,观察组在对照组基础上,联合吸入乙酰半胱氨酸溶液治疗,两组均连续治疗5 d。比较两组临床疗效、症状消失时间、住院时间、治疗前后、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率为93.33%,明显高于对照组(77.78%,P0.05);观察组咳嗽及肺啰音消失时间、住院时间明显短于对照组[(5.24±1.07)d vs (6.59±1.16)d,(5.53±0.76)d vs (6.75±1.04)d,(7.01±1.40)d vs (8.11±1.36)d](P0.05);观察组白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)明显低于对照组[(5.06±0.72)×10~9/L vs(7.34±1.30)×10~9/L,(1.86±0.20)mg/L vs (4.63±0.61)mg/L],CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+明显高于对照组[(64.81±5.63)%vs(58.03±4.27)%,(36.86±3.09)%vs(29.17±2.64)%,(1.32±0.18)%vs(1.20±0.12)%](P0.05)。两组治疗期间均未见明显不良反应。结论:乙酰半胱氨酸辅助治疗小儿支原体肺炎效果明显,其有助于促进疾病恢复,且安全性好,其内在机制可能和调节CD分子含量、修复免疫紊乱等相关。