组织工程化肌腱研究进展

肌腱损伤常发生在日常的工作和运动中,世界范围内每年有超过3000万人肌腱损伤。目前,尽管临床上对于肌腱损伤可以采取非手术、手术和康复等多种手段进行治疗,但这些传统治疗手段的效果均差强人意。修复后的肌腱很难恢复到损伤前的功能状态。肌腱损伤的治疗也成了运动医学研究的重点。随着组织工程技术的发展,组织工程化肌腱为解决这一难题提供思路。其与传统的肌腱损伤的治疗手段相比,不再有自体供区功能缺失,及异体移植肌腱的排异等问题。     

富血小板血浆在脊柱脊髓损伤治疗中的应用进展

富血小板血浆是近些年来比较热门的一种血液制品,其来源于自体,且制备方法简单,又富含大量血小板及多种生长因子,能够加速骨愈合,增强骨再生,促进软组织及神经损伤恢复,因此得到了广泛的关注。国内外的研究人员根据富血小板血浆所具有的特点,针对各个方面对其进行了大量的研究实验,并且在临床骨科疾病的治疗中也已经开始了实验性应用,如骨缺损、骨再生,肌腱、韧带及软组织损伤,脊柱脊髓损伤等。尤其是在脊柱脊髓损伤的治疗方面,无论是单独应用富血小板血浆治疗,还是联合应用富血小板血浆与脊髓神经前体细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞等有利于脊髓神经损伤恢复的细胞因子复合物共同治疗,均取得了突破性的进展,为研究脊柱脊髓损伤的治疗提供了新的方向。     

厄贝沙坦对脑损伤大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究血管紧张素I受体(AT1)抑制剂厄贝沙坦对侧位液压脑损伤模型大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响。方法:利用改良的侧位液压损伤装置建立大鼠颅脑损伤(TBI)模型,术前及术后给予厄贝沙坦治疗,用激光多普勒测定局部脑区血流(r CBF)的变化,术前及术后1、3、5和7d利用神经功能评分评估大鼠神经功能损伤,利用TUNEL染色检测大鼠脑细胞凋亡情况,利用Western Blot检测大鼠脑组织损伤周围区域活性caspase 3的表达。结果:与正常值相比,TBI手术后损伤局部脑区r CBF下降至30%(P0.05),神经功能评分显著降低(P0.05),损伤区周围脑组织TUNEL阳性细胞明显增多,活性caspase 3的表达显著增加(P0.05)。厄贝沙坦治疗组大鼠r CBF显著高于单纯TBI组,梗死区面积显著缩小,神经功能得到明显改善,损伤区周围脑组织TUNEL阳性细胞和活性caspase 3表达下降(P均0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦预处理能够通过抑制凋亡发挥神经保护作用。     

阿司匹林对糖尿病大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤时Cystatin C 的影响

目的:评价阿司匹林对糖尿病大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤后Cystatin C(蛋白酶抑制肽C)的影响。方法:32只成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠经链脲霉素(streptozotocin,STZ)腹腔注射建立糖尿病模型后随机分为4组,实验组分别经胃灌注10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg、30 mg/kg的阿司匹林,对照组灌注等量生理盐水15 d后建立肾缺血30 min再灌注2 h模型。抽取动脉血用ELISA法检测Cystatin C水平,取肾脏做病理切片和免疫组化检测。结果:各实验组血清Cystatin C水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),实验组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。HE染色实验组与对照组未见明显组织病理学差异。免疫组化显示对照组Cystatin C蛋白表达增多,而实验组表达不显著。结论:低剂量阿司匹林降低STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾缺血再灌注后血浆Cystatin C水平,具有肾保护作用。     

亚低温治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者颅内压、脑血流及氧代谢的影响

目的:探讨亚低温治疗对重症颅脑损伤(sTBI)患者颅内压(ICP)、脑血流及氧代谢的影响。方法:收集50例sTBI患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组25例,均给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予亚低温辅助治疗,检测患者治疗前、治疗第3、5、7天ICP动态变化以及治疗前和治疗7天后脑血流和氧代谢等指标变化。结果:治疗第3、5、7天ICP组间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),随着治疗时间增加两组ICP均逐渐降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前Qmean、Vmean、Wv、DR等组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗7天后Qmean、Vmean均升高,Wv、DR均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前SjvO_2、CjvO_2、CaO_2、CERO_2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗7天后SjvO_2、CjvO_2、CERO_2均升高,CaO_2降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:亚低温治疗可以显著降低患者颅内压,改善脑血流和氧代谢水平。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊治疗抗结核药物致肝损伤患者的临床疗效

目的:研究多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊治疗抗结核药物致肝损伤患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年4月到2015年4月我院收治的抗结核药物致肝损伤患者150例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组75例,两组均继续行抗结核治疗,对照组给予常规保肝药物治疗,研究组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊保肝治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及r-谷氨酰转移酶(r-GT)。结果:研究组有效率为89.3%显著高于对照组的73.3%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后AST、ALT以及r-GT显著低于治疗前,且治疗后研究组AST、ALT以及r-GT均显著低于对照组,比较差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊治疗抗结核药物致肝损伤具有较好临床疗效,能增强对肝脏的保护作用。     

Protective effect of vitamin E on spinal cord injury by compression and concurrent lipid peroxidation

Studies were made on the influence of vitamin E on the effects of compression injury of the spinal cord associated with ischemia in rats. The motor disturbance induced by spinal cord injury was greatly reduced by vitamin E supplementation. After injury, the spinal cord evoked potentials showed greater recovery of both amplitude and latency in the vitamin E-supplemented group than in the control group. Spinal cord blood flow was promptly restored and remained normal after injury in the vitamin E-supplemented group, but was significantly decreased from 3 h after injury in the control group. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA)—reactive substances in the spinal cord was immediately increased by compression injury in both groups, and after injury it persisted at a high value for 24 h in the control group, but decreased within 1 h in the vitamin E-supplemented group. Pathological examination of the spinal cord showed less damage, such as bleeding and edema, in the vitamin E-supplemented group than in the control group. Vitamin E may have protective effects on the spinal cord by inhibiting damage induced by lipid peroxidation and/or by sustaining the blood flow by maintaining the normal metabolism of arachidonic acid.     

Use of repair-deficient strains of escherichia coli and liver microsomes to detect and characterise DNA damage caused by the pyrrolizidine alkaloids heliotrine and monocrotaline

E. coli WP2 and its repair-deficient derivatives were treated with the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, heliotrine and monocrotaline in the presence of a liver microsomal fraction. The doubly repair-deficient strains WP100 uvrA recA and CM611 uvrA exrA showed considerable killing. The singly repair-deficient strains WP2 uvrA, CM561 exrA and CM571 recA showed slight killing. In strains WP2 and WP2 uvrA induced reversion to Trp⁺ was not detected with either monocrotaline or mitomycin C. These results are entirely consistent with liver activation converting pyrrolizidine alkaloids into bifunctional alkylating agents.     

Absence or presence of glucose in growth medium and its effect on heat injury inStaphylococcus aureus

Summary Staphylococcus aureus 196E, when grown in a glucose (0.25% wt./vol.)-containing medium, produced cells that would undergo injury when subjected to sublethal heat conditions (45 min at 50°C); however, if glucose was omitted from the growth medium, the extent of injury was greatly reduced. Media containing glucose sterilized by filtration or by separate autoclaving produced cells equal in injury susceptibility to medium in which glucose was autoclaved as part of the medium components. Injury also occurred when other sugars such as fructose, mannose, maltose, or lactose were substituted for glucose. Sugar-containing media that producedStaphylococcus aureus of maximal susceptibility to heat injury reached a pH of approximately 6 or lower during growth of the cells. Incubation of staphylococci in growth medium acidified with acetic or lactic acids or HCl did not lead to cells that would undergo injury under the stated conditions. The stimulatory effect of glucose on injury appears to be related to the metabolism of the sugar byStaphylococcus aureus.Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Reference to brand or firm name does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others of a similar nature not mentioned.     

Production of linalol and geraniol by hydrolytic breakdown of bound forms in disrupted tea shoots

Linalol and geraniol were produced in tea shoots, disrupted by mechanical means, by hydrolytic breakdown of non-volatile compounds. The formation of li