心脏起搏与电生理学技术和方法的回顾与展望

回顾了心脏电生理方法学和器械进步的早期基石,并阐述了以导管和起搏技术为特点的心内电生理学若干标志性新方法、新领域、新进展。进而展望了心脏电生理方法学的若干发展方向。     

A robust fed-batch feeding strategy independent of the carbon source for optimal polyhydroxybutyrate production

A three-stage control strategy independent of the organic substrate was developed for automated substrate feeding in a two-phase fed-batch culture of Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 for the production of the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The optimal feeding strategy was determined using glucose as the substrate. A combined substrate feeding strategy consisting of exponential feeding and a novel method based on alkali-addition monitoring resulted in a maximal cell concentration in the biomass growth phase. In the PHB accumulation phase, a constant substrate feeding strategy based on the estimated amount of biomass produced in the first phase and a specific PHB accumulation rate was implemented to induce PHB under limiting nitrogen at different biomass concentrations. Maximal cell and PHB concentrations of 164 and 125 g/L were obtained when nitrogen feeding was stopped at 56 g/L of residual biomass; the glucose concentration was maintained within its optimal range. The developed feeding strategy was validated using waste glycerol as the sole carbon source for PHB production, and the three-stage control strategy resulted in a PHB concentration of 65.6 g/L and PHB content of 62.7% while keeping the glycerol concentration constant. It can thus be concluded that the developed feeding strategy is sensitive, robust, inexpensive, and applicable to fed-batch culture for PHB production independent of the carbon source.     

Toxic and non-toxic Nodularia strains can be distinguished from each other and from eukaryotic algae with chlorophyll fluorescence fingerprinting

Chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves of toxic and non-toxic strains of the cyanobacterium Nodularia were measured and compared with fluorescence curves measured from four species of eukaryotic algae. Both cyanobacteria and algae were isolated from the Baltic Sea. The results show that Nodularia strains can be distinguished from the eukaryotes by applying a pattern recognition procedure to the fluorescence induction curves, suggesting that the fluorescence fingerprinting technique might be useful in environmental monitoring of marine algae. The six studied Nodularia strains could not be distinguished from each other from their fluorescence induction kinetics. However, their fluorescence curves fell into two clear categories, the toxic and the non-toxic Nodularia. Emission spectroscopy and differences in the fluorescence induction curves showed that the ratio of the intensity of the Photosystem I emission peak to the Photosystem II peak is higher in non-toxic Nodularia than in the toxic strains, suggesting that the toxicity affects the structure of the photosynthesis machinery. The effect on photosynthesis may be related to the ability of the microcystins to chelate iron.     

Evaluation of the ScopeControl endoscope test system in six hospitals in The Netherlands

As rigid endoscopes are re-used after minimal invasive surgery, they degrade over time. To guarantee the optical quality of a rigid endoscope, the ScopeControl has been developed to measure key optical parameters such as, light transmission (LT), color correctness (CC), focus (FC), fiber transmission (FT), viewing angle (VA) and field of view (FV). To evaluate the performance of the ScopeControl, five ScopeControls SV (study version) have been tested in six hospitals in the Netherlands. Aspects such as robustness, precision, usability of the measured data, acceptation criteria and ergonomic aspects have been assessed. The ScopeControl maintains its stability over time and can measure LT, CC and FC with 5% precision, VA and FV with 2% accuracy and FT with 10% precision. The final thresholds above which an endoscope could still be considered to be in good condition, appeared to be: VA at 75%, CC, FC and FV at 70%, LT at 65% and FT at 35% of that of the best endoscope of that type ever found. The ScopeControl SV fits the workflow of the sterilization department as it is easy to use and can easily be cleaned. The time to perform a measurement is 2–3 min (one minute is spent to select the correct endoscope). The ScopeControl PV (launched in November 2013), has been used clinically from April to November 2014. It proves to be more stable, well accepted by personnel from the sterilization department and be of large value of preventing defect endoscopes on the surgery table.     

256排Revolution多参数调节下低剂量心脏冠脉成像应用

目的:研究256排Revolution多参数调节下低剂量扫描心脏冠脉成像(Coronary computed tomographic angiography,CCTA)的应用。方法:回顾性分析2016年3月15日至5月15日间在我院256排CT行CCTA的患者,分为心率稳定试验组(n=54例)和心率不稳定试验组(n=41例),同时选取在我院64排VCT行CCTA的患者为对照组(n=116例),对三组CCTA图像质量行主观和客观评估,比较有效辐射剂量的差异。结果:256排CT检查成功率和图像质量的主观评价均优于对照组(P0.05);信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);但有效辐射剂量明显降低(P0.05)。结论:256排CT多参数调节下检查冠脉在保证图像质量下可有效降低辐射剂量。     

自动痔疮套扎联合外切术治疗老年重度痔疮临床疗效

目的:自动痔疮套扎联合外切术治疗老年重度痔疮临床疗效观察。方法:收集2013年1月~2015年8月我院收治混合痔患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组采用传统内扎外切术,观察组采用自动痔疮套扎联合外切术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率以及复发情况。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症的发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后复发率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:自动痔疮套扎联合外切术治疗老年重度痔疮的临床效果显著,安全性高、术后并发症少,值得在临床推广应用。     

肿瘤核仁形成区形态定量诊断的误差及规范化分析

本文采用包括自动图象分析技术在内的ＡｇＮＯＲ形态定量学方法,以大肠肿瘤为模型,进行了ＡｇＮＯＲ定量形态学研究的误差分析,以探讨肿瘤ＡｇＮＯＲ定量诊断规范化的可能。结果表明,染色条件、视场目标选择和细胞计数量是引起ＡｇＮＯＲ定量诊断的主要误差;恒定染色环境,正确选择欲测细胞及测定足够量的细胞是使ＡｇＮＯＲ形态定量诊断规范化的途径。     

基于时频分析检测EEG中癫痫样棘/尖波的方法

提出了一种基于Ｃｈｏｉ－Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ分布检测ＥＥＧ中癫痫样棘波／尖波的方法。该方法通过计算ＥＥＧ信号的时频分布,得到一段信号在各个时刻上沿频率方向上的能量分布。这种能量分布相当于一种瞬时频谱,反映了ＥＥＧ信号在局部时间范围里的波形特征。以一段ＥＥＧ信号在各个时刻的瞬时频谱的平均作为这段脑电的背景信号频谱,通过计算每一时刻的瞬时频谱与背景信号频谱之间的频谱差,检测这段信号中的棘波／尖波。对临床Ｅ     

华东稻麦轮作生态系统冬小麦田NO排放观测研究

在采用基于箱法的自动观测技术对华东稻麦轮作生态系统的整个小麦生育期进行了ＮＯ排放全天候连续观测基础上,本文讨论了华东麦田ＮＯ排放的季节变化和变化特征以及温度、土壤湿度、施肥和植物生长的影响,华东冬小麦田的ＮＯ排放很明显地表现为”春高、秋低、冬无“的季节变化趋势,温度是决定其季节变化基本形式的首要因素,尽管施氮肥可以增加当季ＮＯ排放５－７倍,但却能不改变ＮＯ排放的季节变化格局,在植物生长活动较弱的情