中国六种重要药用真菌名称的说明

对我国6种重要药用真菌的名称进行了考证,按照国际命名法规及《真菌、地衣汉语学名命名法规》对这些种类的拉丁和汉语学名进行了讨论。建议下列汉语名称和拉丁名称为规范的汉语学名和拉丁学名：樟芝Taiwanofungus camphoratus (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu et al.,桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát,木耳Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél.,刺槐多年卧孔菌Perenniporia robiniophila (Murrill) Ryvarden,滑子蘑Pholiota microspora (Berk.) Sacc.,冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung et al.,其他相关名称均应为异名。     

黑木耳亲本、单核、杂交菌株鉴定的研究

应用荧光核染色技术、酯酶同工酶鉴定技术,对黑木耳亲本双核菌株、原生质体单核菌株和单-单杂交菌株进行筛选鉴定。结果表明:荧光核染色技术可快速有效地鉴定获得菌株的核相,酯酶同工酶技术可准确地区分单核菌株及杂交新菌株的不同核型,研究得到1个酶带差异显著的新菌株。     

培养时间对黑木耳酯酶同工酶谱的影响

为准确地将酯酶同工酶技术应用于食用菌菌株鉴别和遗传育种研究以及进行快速的菌种区分、鉴定,本试验对10个黑木耳菌株不同培养时期的胞内酯酶(EST)同工酶谱进行了研究,并对菌株间亲和性试验结果进行分析。结果表明:同一培养时期的各菌株间同工酶谱存在明显差异,不同培养时期同一菌株同工酶谱也存在一定的差异。培养20d诱导的同工酶谱可有效区分、鉴定各菌株。聚类分析结果表明:培养20d的酶谱聚类分析结果与亲和性试验结果相一致。     

中国黑木耳主要栽培菌株ISSR指纹分析及SCAR标记

采用ISSR标记技术对来自全国的黑木耳34个主要栽培菌株进行DNA指纹分析,初步构建其标准化DNA指纹图谱;在ISSR指纹分析基础上进行聚类分析,并将黑木耳两个栽培菌株173和186中扩增获得的ISSR特异性DNA带转化为可以直接用于菌株快速鉴定的SCAR标记.研究表明,我国黑木耳栽培菌株遗传背景差异不大,存在同物异名现象,而采用ISSR指纹及其SCAR标记鉴定黑木耳栽培菌株具有重要意义.     

木耳属二新种*

本文报道了在西沙群岛采集的木耳属二新种,命名为西沙木耳和网脉木耳,并附汉文和拉丁文描述。此外,还讨论了新种与近似种之间的区别。     

引诱白蚁的食用菌腐朽物的筛选

作者在实验室内用6种白蚁:栖北网(尉虫)Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe)、黄胸网(尉虫)R.flaviceps(Osh-ima)、圆唇网(尉虫)R.labralis Hsia et Fan、尖唇网(尉虫)R.aculabialis Tsai et Huang、普见乳(尉虫)Coptoter-mes communis Hsia et He和囟土(尉虫)Odontotermes fontanellus Kemner对5种真菌的腐朽木屑进行了单纯选择和复合选择的生测试验。这5种真菌,一种是木腐菌,即密粘褶菌Gloeophyllum trabeum(Pers.ex Fr.)Murr.,另外4种均为腐木性粮用真菌:银耳Tremella fueiformis、黑木耳Auricularia auricula、猴头菌Hericium erinaceus和香菇Lentinus edodes。生测结果表明上述4种木腐性食用真菌中除猴头菌对白蚁引诱力极微外,其余3种和密粘褶菌对供试的多种白蚊均具有引诱力。其中以银耳腐木屑的引诱力最强而持久,黑木耳次之,密粘褶菌、香菇又次之。有关银耳和黑木耳腐朽木屑中对白蚁具引诱力的活性物质的化学成份和结构尚需进一步研究。     

Nervous system development of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus

The nervous system development of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus was investigated to explore the development of the bilateral larval nervous system into the pentaradial adult form typical of echinoderms. The first nerve cells were detected in the apical region of epidermis in the late gastrula. In the auricularia larvae, nerve tracts were seen along the ciliary band. There was a pair of bilateral apical ganglia consisted of serotonergic nerve cells lined along the ciliary bands. During the transition to the doliolaria larvae, the nerve tracts rearranged together with the ciliary bands, but they were not segmented and remained continuous. The doliolaria larvae possessed nerves along the ciliary rings but strongly retained the features of auricularia larvae nerve pattern. The adult nervous system began to develop inside the doliolaria larvae before the larval nervous system disappears. None of the larval nervous system was observed to be incorporated into the adult nervous system with immunohistochemistry. Since S. japonicus are known to possess an ancestral mode of development for echinoderms, these results suggest that the larval nervous system and the adult nervous system were probably formed independently in the last common ancestor of echinoderms.     

木耳硒多糖的分离纯化及对腹水型S_(180)细胞膜流动性的影响

应用DEAE52-cellulose、SephacrylS-500HR柱层析从自培养的富硒木耳中分离纯化得到4种木耳硒多糖,SeAPⅠ-1、SeAPⅠ-2、SeAPⅡ和SeAPⅢ,紫外扫描显示在280nm和260nm均无吸收,表明不含蛋白质和氨基酸;高效凝胶渗透色谱为单一对称峰,表明4种硒多糖均为均一多糖。对S180细胞膜的游离脂肪酸和膜脂流动性的研究显示,4种硒多糖具有较好的活性,且SeAPⅠ-2、SeAPⅡ的活性显著强于SeAPⅠ-1、SeAPⅢ(p0.05)。     

Antioxidative activity,moisture retention,film formation,and viscosity stability of Auricularia fuscosuccinea,white strain water extract

This study showed that both water extracts (WAF-W) and ethanol extracts (EAF-W) of Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Montagne) Farlow, white strain (AF-W) demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidative effects than did commercially available Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extracts (WSK; with the exception of EAF-W in terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity levels). The moisture retention capacity of WAF-W is as potent as that of sodium hyaluronate (SHA), but less than that of WSK. No corrugation or fissures were observed in WAF-W film; only the SHA and WSK films demonstrated such effects in low-moisture conditions. The WAF-W solution also exhibited stable viscosity at high temperatures, indicating that the WAF-W film was more stable compared with the SHA and WSK films. WAF-W induced no adverse effects when a hen’s egg test was performed on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This study demonstrated that WAF-W exhibits excellent potential as a topical material for skin moisturizing and anti-aging effects.     

Ultrastructure and evolution of ballistosporic basidiospores

Basidiospores oiCoprinus cinereus were examined before and during spore discharge using light microscopy, and SEM of frozen-hydrated and other preparations. The process of droplet development at the hilar appendix was divided into three stages: pre-droplet, early and late enlargement. The fully expanded droplet was preserved only in frozen-hydrated specimens. Two-step droplet enlargement was also observed with TEM in Boletus rubinellus, and the droplet at the early enlargement stage was enclosed by a trilaminate membrane. The droplet was not observed in Auricularia species, but basidiospore preservation for SEM was optimum in Auricularia auricula with frozen-hydrated preparations. The hilar appendix of Auricularia fuscosuccinea as studied by TEM was simple compared with those of the Homobasidiomycetes. The implications of the data for evolution of the ballistosporic basidiospore and the discharge mechanism are considered.