毛木耳‘昊阳黄背2号’的选育报告

毛木耳新品种‘昊阳黄背2号’是以采自什邡市龙泉山的野生毛木耳子实体经系统选育而成,适宜四川省成都市、德阳市等种植毛木耳的区域栽培。菌丝生长最适温度为24-30 ℃,子实体最适生长温度为25-28 ℃。耳片呈耳形或不规则形,子实体丛生;耳片边缘光滑,颜色深红褐色。平均每袋干耳产量为203 g。     

Evolutionsmodelle für den Ursprung der Echinodermen: Zusammenfassung und Kritik

The origin of echinoderms is one of the most crucial questions within the evolutionary history of deuterostomes. An ancestral position was suggested byGarstang, Romer andNichols. They also assumed that hemichordates and chordates are sistergroups. In all other hypotheses the echinoderms took a more derived position.Gislén, Jefferies andHolland viewed the hemichordates as basal to the deuterostomes and postulated that echinoderms and chordates are sistergroups. According toJollie, Peterson et al. andMooi &; David echinoderms and hemichordates are sistergroups.Gudo andGutmann adopted the view ofMetschnikoff who combined the hemichordates and echinoderms in the Ambulacraria; they supposed that echinoderms were derived from pterobranchs. This variety of views is linked with different approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction utilized by each of the authors.Garstang, Romer, Jefferies andGislén compared morphological features, in the case ofGislén andJefferies with some attention to fossil evidence, whereasJollie, Holland andGislén also considerd embryological aspects.Mooi &;David as well asPeterson et al. used modern embryological (epigenetical) approaches.Nichols combined functional morphology and comparative anatomy. Evolutionary scenarios were reconstructed only by a few authors.Holland associated the development of echinoderms from pterobranch-like ancestors with repeated changes in feeding modes.Nichols envisioned that echinoderms had evolved from sipunculids that gained protection from predators through skeletal armor. In our own investigations based on constructional morphology echinoderms are interpreted as highly derived chordates.     

黑木耳漆酶纯化的研究

目的:研究黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)“黑29”的漆酶纯化,为进一步酶学性质的开展、酶应用和酶基因克隆提供理论基础。方法:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀和柱层析技术分离蛋白,通过PAGE和SDS-PAGE电泳检测蛋白。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳检测发现粗酶液含三种漆酶,分子量大小分别为LacA(60kD)、LacB(34kD)、LacC(19kD);纯化后获得纯化的单一漆酶LacA、LacC组分。结论:得漆酶两个单一组分,为进一步漆酶研究奠定基础。     

In vitro evaluation of solvent extracted compounds from edible macromycetes against phytopathogenic fungi

Extraction of antimicrobial compounds from medicinal mushrooms, namely, Auricularia polytricha (Jew's ear), Lentinulla edodes (Shiitake) and Volvariella volvacea (paddy straw), has been done with different solvent systems (chloroform, ethyl acetate, ether and methanol) and tested against a wide range of phytopathogens by filter paper disk assay. All the three basidiomycetes inhibited the phytopathogens tested so far. This enumeration was based on the number of organisms inhibited and the diameter of inhibitory zones produced. From the results obtained, it could be observed that ethyl acetate was the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial substances from these medicinal mushrooms. Thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of several compounds with different Retention Factor (RF) values. Sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiling of V. volvacea showed the presence of several antimicrobial proteins with various molecular weights. Western blotting revealed the presence of thaumatin-like glycoproteins of molecular weight more than 45 kDa.     

SCAR标记在黑木耳栽培菌株分类鉴定中的应用

应用序列特异性扩增区域（SCAR）标记技术分析50株黑木耳栽培菌株的遗传多样性。在SRAP标记分析过程中发现1条1 200 bp的特异性条带,经回收克隆测序转为SCAR标记。根据序列设计出1对特异性引物,经PCR可以扩增出1 000 bp大小的片段,说明成功构建出了＂黑931＂的指纹图谱。     

黑木耳代用料栽培关键技术研究

针对目前黑木耳代用料栽培中存在的问题,结合吉林省东部地区资源及气候特点,系统地对黑木耳栽培技术进行研究。结果表明:黑木耳最适培养料装量为800g;在接种时间为3月10日、置于相同培养条件下,最适栽培时间为4月下旬至5月初;菌丝体培养最适温度20～25℃,初期略高;最适水分条件为采用间歇式供水,干湿交替;最适光照条件为全日光。     

海南岛木耳属的研究

子实体单生,鲜时坚韧的胶质,不透光,耳状,1-2×2.5-3.5cm,厚2-3.1mm,基部发达,呈黄褐色,不孕面有短柔毛和许多短的裂缝,栗褐色,干时棕黑色;子实层有粗条状隆起密集的结节,紫红色,干后紫黑色。柔毛层:毛长30-80(-100)μm,粗4-5.5μm,无色到褐黄色,不成簇,具狭窄的腔,顶园,易截断,基部明显膨大或再突然收缩成细而长的根状;致密层:20-50μm     

毛木耳种质资源的酯酶同工酶分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对毛木耳56个菌株酯酶同工酶的酶谱多样性进行了研究。结果表明,56份材料有一定的遗传变异,共检测到迁移率不同的10条谱带,各菌株分别具有1~6条酶带,共有26种酶谱类型。菌株被分成了8大群:第一群包括黄耳zh等34个菌株;第二群包括白背木耳等8个菌株;第三、第四群分别为黑木耳和915两个单独的菌株;第五群包括99等4个菌株;第六群包括43等4个菌株;第七群包括50385和AP067两个菌株;第八群包括小上3和杂交34两个菌株。酯酶同工酶分析技术是鉴别种及品种以下菌株的有效手段。     

DNA分子标记在木耳属真菌中的应用研究进展

介绍了目前已在木耳属真菌中广泛应用的几种DNA分子标记技术(RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、ISSR、SRAP、SCAR、ITS、IGS),以及这些标记在木耳属真菌系统发育、分类研究、种间和种内鉴定、遗传多样性分析等方面的应用,并展望了这些标记技术在木耳属真菌中的应用前景。     

木耳杂交菌株对绿色木霉菌的抗性测定

木耳（Auricularia auricula-judae）在菌丝体阶段极易感染绿色木霉（Trichoderma vider）等多种杂菌。本研究以木耳176个杂交子为供试菌株,采用木耳与绿色木霉菌丝体对峙培养,发酵液相互抑制菌丝体生长,以及调查木耳菌袋田间污染率,比较了杂交子抗绿色木霉的能力,初步建立了木耳抗霉菌污染能...