培养时间对黑木耳酯酶同工酶谱的影响

为准确地将酯酶同工酶技术应用于食用菌菌株鉴别和遗传育种研究以及进行快速的菌种区分、鉴定,本试验对10个黑木耳菌株不同培养时期的胞内酯酶(EST)同工酶谱进行了研究,并对菌株间亲和性试验结果进行分析。结果表明:同一培养时期的各菌株间同工酶谱存在明显差异,不同培养时期同一菌株同工酶谱也存在一定的差异。培养20d诱导的同工酶谱可有效区分、鉴定各菌株。聚类分析结果表明:培养20d的酶谱聚类分析结果与亲和性试验结果相一致。     

木耳属种间杂交技术研究 Ⅰ.木耳菌丝原生质体的形成与再生

本文比较了不同酶液、渗透压稳定剂、酶解温室及菌丝培养基成份等因素对木耳属(Auricularia)中木耳(Auricularia auricula)和毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)菌丝释放原生质体的作用及影响。用0.5%纤维素酶加0.5%蜗牛酶的混合酶液,以0.6M的MgSO_4为稳定剂,在34℃下可自两种菌丝体获得大量原生质体。对原生质体再生条件的研究表明,纤维二糖和菌丝体培养物浸提物对再生有明显促进作用,再生率达20%左右。本文还用VBL型荧光增白剂观察了菌丝脱壁以及原生质体细胞壁再生的过程。     

中国六种重要药用真菌名称的说明

对我国6种重要药用真菌的名称进行了考证,按照国际命名法规及《真菌、地衣汉语学名命名法规》对这些种类的拉丁和汉语学名进行了讨论。建议下列汉语名称和拉丁名称为规范的汉语学名和拉丁学名：樟芝Taiwanofungus camphoratus (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu et al.,桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát,木耳Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél.,刺槐多年卧孔菌Perenniporia robiniophila (Murrill) Ryvarden,滑子蘑Pholiota microspora (Berk.) Sacc.,冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung et al.,其他相关名称均应为异名。     

东北地区木耳"白毛菌病"的病原菌

"白毛菌病"是近年来东北地区木耳栽培中一种常见病害.其病原菌在盛夏伏天侵染木耳子实体,在木耳耳片腹面生长一层白色网状霉层,对木耳生长及商品形态造成严重危害.从黑龙江省尚志地区染病耳片上分离得到两株病原菌,经对它们进行形态学特征观察、rDNA ITS序列分析和致病性测定,证明这两株病菌为尖孢镰孢和厚垣镰孢,二者均对栽培木...     

木耳属二新种*

本文报道了在西沙群岛采集的木耳属二新种,命名为西沙木耳和网脉木耳,并附汉文和拉丁文描述。此外,还讨论了新种与近似种之间的区别。     

引诱白蚁的食用菌腐朽物的筛选

作者在实验室内用6种白蚁:栖北网(尉虫)Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe)、黄胸网(尉虫)R.flaviceps(Osh-ima)、圆唇网(尉虫)R.labralis Hsia et Fan、尖唇网(尉虫)R.aculabialis Tsai et Huang、普见乳(尉虫)Coptoter-mes communis Hsia et He和囟土(尉虫)Odontotermes fontanellus Kemner对5种真菌的腐朽木屑进行了单纯选择和复合选择的生测试验。这5种真菌,一种是木腐菌,即密粘褶菌Gloeophyllum trabeum(Pers.ex Fr.)Murr.,另外4种均为腐木性粮用真菌:银耳Tremella fueiformis、黑木耳Auricularia auricula、猴头菌Hericium erinaceus和香菇Lentinus edodes。生测结果表明上述4种木腐性食用真菌中除猴头菌对白蚁引诱力极微外,其余3种和密粘褶菌对供试的多种白蚊均具有引诱力。其中以银耳腐木屑的引诱力最强而持久,黑木耳次之,密粘褶菌、香菇又次之。有关银耳和黑木耳腐朽木屑中对白蚁具引诱力的活性物质的化学成份和结构尚需进一步研究。     

Nervous system development of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus

The nervous system development of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus was investigated to explore the development of the bilateral larval nervous system into the pentaradial adult form typical of echinoderms. The first nerve cells were detected in the apical region of epidermis in the late gastrula. In the auricularia larvae, nerve tracts were seen along the ciliary band. There was a pair of bilateral apical ganglia consisted of serotonergic nerve cells lined along the ciliary bands. During the transition to the doliolaria larvae, the nerve tracts rearranged together with the ciliary bands, but they were not segmented and remained continuous. The doliolaria larvae possessed nerves along the ciliary rings but strongly retained the features of auricularia larvae nerve pattern. The adult nervous system began to develop inside the doliolaria larvae before the larval nervous system disappears. None of the larval nervous system was observed to be incorporated into the adult nervous system with immunohistochemistry. Since S. japonicus are known to possess an ancestral mode of development for echinoderms, these results suggest that the larval nervous system and the adult nervous system were probably formed independently in the last common ancestor of echinoderms.     

木耳硒多糖的分离纯化及对腹水型S_(180)细胞膜流动性的影响

应用DEAE52-cellulose、SephacrylS-500HR柱层析从自培养的富硒木耳中分离纯化得到4种木耳硒多糖,SeAPⅠ-1、SeAPⅠ-2、SeAPⅡ和SeAPⅢ,紫外扫描显示在280nm和260nm均无吸收,表明不含蛋白质和氨基酸;高效凝胶渗透色谱为单一对称峰,表明4种硒多糖均为均一多糖。对S180细胞膜的游离脂肪酸和膜脂流动性的研究显示,4种硒多糖具有较好的活性,且SeAPⅠ-2、SeAPⅡ的活性显著强于SeAPⅠ-1、SeAPⅢ(p0.05)。     

Antioxidative activity,moisture retention,film formation,and viscosity stability of Auricularia fuscosuccinea,white strain water extract

This study showed that both water extracts (WAF-W) and ethanol extracts (EAF-W) of Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Montagne) Farlow, white strain (AF-W) demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidative effects than did commercially available Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extracts (WSK; with the exception of EAF-W in terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity levels). The moisture retention capacity of WAF-W is as potent as that of sodium hyaluronate (SHA), but less than that of WSK. No corrugation or fissures were observed in WAF-W film; only the SHA and WSK films demonstrated such effects in low-moisture conditions. The WAF-W solution also exhibited stable viscosity at high temperatures, indicating that the WAF-W film was more stable compared with the SHA and WSK films. WAF-W induced no adverse effects when a hen’s egg test was performed on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This study demonstrated that WAF-W exhibits excellent potential as a topical material for skin moisturizing and anti-aging effects.     

Ultrastructure and evolution of ballistosporic basidiospores

Basidiospores oiCoprinus cinereus were examined before and during spore discharge using light microscopy, and SEM of frozen-hydrated and other preparations. The process of droplet development at the hilar appendix was divided into three stages: pre-droplet, early and late enlargement. The fully expanded droplet was preserved only in frozen-hydrated specimens. Two-step droplet enlargement was also observed with TEM in Boletus rubinellus, and the droplet at the early enlargement stage was enclosed by a trilaminate membrane. The droplet was not observed in Auricularia species, but basidiospore preservation for SEM was optimum in Auricularia auricula with frozen-hydrated preparations. The hilar appendix of Auricularia fuscosuccinea as studied by TEM was simple compared with those of the Homobasidiomycetes. The implications of the data for evolution of the ballistosporic basidiospore and the discharge mechanism are considered.