基于宁静评级预测模型的北京城区公园绿地边界区域植物组成对城市宁静感影响探讨

宁静的环境具有恢复性可以缓解日常生活的压力。人体主要通过感官（听觉和视觉）信息对外部的宁静程度进行感知。已有研究表明绿地可以增强宁静程度,从而对城市环境以及人体健康起作用。公园绿地边界区域处于城市与公园绿地的过渡区易受交通噪声与城市建筑视觉等影响,为提升公园绿地边界区域的宁静程度,探究植物组成与宁静环境的关系,本文以北京城区6处公园绿地边界区域为研究对象,1)引入宁静评级预测模型从视觉和听觉综合量化评价公园绿地边界区域的宁静程度。2)通过抽样调查游客主观感受验证宁静评级预测模型,初步得出营造城市宁静环境边界群落的优化提升策略。     

Biological Control of Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium) with Stagonospora convolvuli Strain LA39 in Combination with Competition from Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)

In a maize cropping system where a living green cover suppresses many weeds, Calystegia sepium is able to escape control. In this paper we report the potential for biological control of C. sepium by using the bindweed pathogen Stagonospora convolvuli strain LA39 as a mycoherbicide in combination with competition by the green cover plant Trifolium pratense. In a greenhouse experiment, competition from shoots of T. pratense caused a strong reduction of the biomass of C. sepium, and combined competition from shoots and roots had the same effect. In a second, factorial greenhouse experiment, competition by T. pratense again reduced C. sepium biomass. However, S. convolvuli did not influence the number of leaves or the biomass of C. sepium in the greenhouse even though severe necrosis was observed on inoculated bindweed leaves. In contrast, in a 2-year field study, S. convolvuli caused severe disease and a strong reduction of C. sepium ground coverage in maize. Underseeding with T. pratense had no effect on disease severity, but T. pratense reduced ground coverage by C. sepium at one of eight samplings in the first year. In conclusion, S. convolvuli is useful in the field and, as shown in the greenhouse, a competitive green cover might improve biological control of C. sepium.     

Fate of foodborne pathogens on green onions and tomatoes by electrolysed water

Aims: To investigate the efficacy of electrolysed water (EW) in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of spot‐inoculated green onions and tomatoes. Methods and Results: Green onions and tomatoes were inoculated with a cocktail of three strains each of E. coli O157:H7, Salm. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes and treated with acidic electrolysed water (AC‐EW), alkaline electrolysed water (AK‐EW), alkaline electrolysed water followed by acidic electrolysed water (AK‐EW + AC‐EW), deionized water followed by acidic electrolysed water (DW + AC‐EW) and deionized water (control, DW) for 15 s, 30 s, 1 min, 3 min and 5 min at room temperature (22 ± 2°C). The relative efficacy of reduction was AC‐EW > DW + AC‐EW ≈ AK‐EW + AC‐EW > AK‐EW > DW. Conclusions: Acidic EW treatment was able to significantly reduce populations of the three tested pathogens from the surfaces of green onions and tomatoes with increasing exposure time. Significance and Impact of the Study: Rinsing in acidic EW reveals an effective method to control the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Salm. typhimurium and L. monocytogenes on the surfaces of fresh green onions and tomatoes, without affecting their organoleptic characteristics. This indicates its potential application for the decontamination of fresh produce surfaces.     

The piggyBac-derived protein 5 (PGBD5) transposes both the closely and the distantly related piggyBac-like elements Tcr-pble and Ifp2

The vertebrate piggyBac derived transposase 5 (PGBD5) encodes a domesticated transposase, which is active and able to transpose its distantly related piggyBac-like element (pble), Ifp2. This raised the question whether PGBD5 would be more effective at mobilizing a phylogenetically closely related pble element. We aimed to identify the pble most closely related to the pgbd5 gene. We updated the landscape of vertebrate pgbd genes to develop efficient filters and identify the most closely related pble to each of these genes. We found that Tcr-pble is phylogenetically the closest pble to the pgbd5 gene. Furthermore, we evaluated the capacity of two murine and human PGBD5 isoforms, Mm523 and Hs524, to transpose both Tcr-pble and Ifp2 elements. We found that both pbles could be transposed by Mm523 with similar efficiency. However, integrations of both pbles occurred through both proper transposition and improper PGBD5-dependent recombination. This suggested that the ability of PGBD5 to bind both pbles may not be based on the primary sequence of element ends, but may involve recognition of inner DNA motifs, possibly related to palindromic repeats. In agreement with this hypothesis, we identified internal palindromic repeats near the end of 24 pble sequences, which display distinct sequences.     

Intracellular localisation of PPI1 (proton pump interactor, isoform 1), a regulatory protein of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana

PPI1 (proton pump interactor isoform 1) is a novel protein able to interact with the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase. In vitro, PPI1 binds the PM H⁺-ATPase in a site different from the known 14-3-3 binding site and stimulates its activity. In this study, we analysed the intracellular localisation of PPI1. The intracellular distribution was monitored in A. thaliana cultured cells by immunolocalisation using an antiserum against the PPI1 N-terminus and in Vicia faba guard cells and epidermal cells by transient expression of a GFP::PPI1 fusion. The results indicate that the bulk of PPI1 is localised at the endoplasmic reticulum, from which it might be recruited to the PM for interaction with the H⁺-ATPase in response to as yet unidentified signals.     

Apple Down 152: A putative case of syphilis from sixth century AD Anglo‐Saxon England

This report describes a putative case of a treponemal infection observed on a skeleton of a young male adult from the Apple Down Anglo‐Saxon cemetery dating to the sixth century AD, accompanied by grave goods indicative of a high status burial. The skeleton is well preserved and almost complete. The pathological evidence includes an extensive area of lytic destruction to the frontal bone of the skull, widespread profuse bilateral symmetrical periosteal reaction affecting scapulae, clavicles, arms, legs, hands, feet and ribs. There is also evidence of gummatous destruction on some of the long bones. Application of a differential diagnosis of all probable diseases exhibiting the individual symptoms leads to a clear conclusion that the person was infected with a treponemal pathogen. The skeleton shows none of the stigmata associated with the congenital form of treponemal disease. We propose that the evidence suggests a possible case of venereal syphilis rather than one of the endemic forms of treponemal disease. This diagnosis is based on the geographical pathogen range, the apparent low prevalence of the disease, significant social upheaval at the time, the high social status and early age of death of the individual. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

城市绿色空间可达性与居民分布的空间匹配与影响因素

城市居民的绿色空间可达性是衡量城市基础设施公平分配的指向标,关乎城市民生福祉。以宁波为研究区,基于高德地图路径规划Application Programming Interface(API)测度了绿色空间可达性,融合多源数据模拟了人口空间分布,分析了绿色空间可达性与人口分布的空间匹配状态,并采用地理探测器探讨其影响因素。研究表明：(1)宁波绿色空间可达性由各区中心向郊区衰减,高可达性空间占比不高,反映了绿色服务供给不足的现状。高可达性空间集中于三江口、鄞州新城、北仑城区和镇海老城区,低可达性空间则主要分布在东部郊区、西部山区和南部农业区。(2)宁波居民的绿色空间可达性在空间上表现为市中心高人口密度-高可达性和郊区低人口密度-低可达性的空间匹配特征,在规模上仅不及半数的居民享有15min绿色空间可达性,在乡镇尺度上呈现显著的城区—郊区二元类型分异。(3)城市居民绿色空间可达性受多重影响因子驱动,按照重要性依次为区位特征、人类活动、开发强度、社会经济和地形条件。     

Saving Energy versus Saving Materials

To reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in housing construction, the energy-intensive processes and life-cycle stages should be identified and integrated. The environmental impact of vertically integrated factory-built homes (VIHs) constructed with increased material inputs in Japan's northern island of Hokkaido was assessed using life-cycle inventory (LCI) analysis methods. Manufacturing process energy and CO₂ intensities of the homes were evaluated based on the material inputs. They were compared with those of a counterpart home hypothetically built using the vertically integrated construction methods, but in accordance with the specifications of a less material-intensive conventional home (CH) in Hokkaido today. Cumulative household energy consumption and CO₂ emissions were evaluated and compared with those of the production stages. The annual household energy consumption was compared among a VIH, a CH, and an average home in Hokkaido. The energy intensity of the VIH was 3.9 GJ production energy per m² of floor area, 59% higher than that of the CH. Net CO₂ emissions during VIH manufacturing processes were 293 kg/m², after discounting the carbon fixation during tree growth. The cumulative use-phase household energy consumption and CO₂ emissions of a VIH will exceed energy consumption and CO₂ emissions during the initial production stage in less than six years. Although VIHs housed 21% more residents on average, the energy consumption per m2 was 17% lower than that of a CH. This may indicate that using more materials initially can lead to better energy efficiency.