布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗对毛细支气管炎患儿潮气呼吸肺功能、T细胞亚群及血清炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗对毛细支气管炎患儿潮气呼吸肺功能、T细胞亚群及血清炎性因子的影响。方法：选取2019年1月~2019年12月期间我院收治的毛细支气管炎患儿98例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组（常规方案治疗）和观察组（对照组基础上加用布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗）,各49例。记录两组治疗1周后总有效率。对比两组治疗前、治疗1周后的潮气呼吸肺功能指标[吸气/呼气时间比（Ti/Te）、达峰时间比（TPTEF/TE）、达峰容积比（VPEF/VE）、每千克潮气量（Vt/kg）]、T细胞亚群[CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺]、血清炎性因子[降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）]。比较两组不良反应发生率。结果：+、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）,PCT、CRP、CD8+均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：雾化吸入特布他林联合布地奈德治疗毛细支气管炎患儿疗效显著,可有效改善患儿T细胞亚群、潮气呼吸肺功能,减轻患儿炎性反应,且安全性好。     

天麻钩藤饮联合醒脑开窍针刺法对急性脑梗死患者血管内皮功能、脑血管储备功能及CD62P、CD63表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨天麻钩藤饮联合醒脑开窍针刺法辅助治疗对急性脑梗死患者血管内皮功能、脑血管储备功能及血小板表面-颗粒膜糖蛋白（CD62P）、溶酶体膜糖蛋白（CD63）表达的影响。方法：选择2017年1月至2019年12月收治的急性脑梗死患者80例,依照随机数字表法分为对照组（40例,予以常规治疗）和观察组（40例,常规治疗的基础上给予天麻钩藤饮联合醒脑开窍针刺法辅助治疗）,比较两组临床有效率及治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、长谷川智能量表（HDS）评分、Barthel指数、血管内皮功能指标（包括一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素-1（ET-1））、脑血管储备功能指标[脑血管储备功能（CVR）、脉动指数（PI）]及血小板CD62P、CD63水平。结果：观察组的临床总有效率为92.50%（37/40）,对照组的临床总有效率为70.00%（28/40）,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组NIHSS评分明显低于对照组,HDS评分和Barthel指数均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组治疗后血清NO、CVR水平水平明显高于对照组,血清ET-1、PI及血小板CD62P、CD63表达水平均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：在常规治疗的基础上,天麻钩藤饮联合醒脑开窍针刺法辅助治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效显著,能够明显改善血管内皮功能、脑血管储备功能、神经功能,提高生活质量,改善血小板CD62P、CD63表达。     

七氟烷复合麻醉对老年骨科患者术后早期认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨七氟烷复合麻醉对老年骨科患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法：选择2017年12月~2019年6月在西安医学院第二附属医院（本院）骨科诊治单侧老年全膝关节置换手术患者112例,随机数字表法分为七氟烷组与对照组,各56例。对照组给予常规静脉注射全身麻醉,在此基础上七氟烷组给予七氟烷吸入麻醉,记录与调查两组术后早期认知功能。结果：经过对比,两组手术时间、术中出血量对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而七氟烷组的术后苏醒时间(7.10±0.22)min、拔管时间(8.65±0.46)min等都显著短于对照组(14.09±1.09)min、(18.76±1.44)min,两组对比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者在T1、T2、T3与T4时间点的心率和血氧饱和度均表现正常,对比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。七氟烷组术后1 d、术后14 d的血清白介素(Interleukin,IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α值显著低于对照组,对比有统计学意义(P<0.05),且两组术后14 d的血清IL-6与TNF-α值均显著低于术后1 d (P<0.05)。术后1个月七氟烷组的认知功能障碍发生率为1.8 %（1/56）,显著低于对照组的12.5 %（7/56）,两组间对比有统计学意义(x²=4.846,P=0.028)。结论：七氟烷复合麻醉在老年骨科患者中的应用能促进患者康复,安全性比较好,能抑制炎症因子的释放,从而减少术后早期认知功能障碍的发生。     

Protective effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats

Abstract

Context: The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore, is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) powder and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced renal injury in rats.

Materials and methods: Phenolic and flavonoid components were characterised in rosemary powder using HPLC-UV instrument while rosemary essential oil (E.O) was investigated via GC-MS technique. In rat model, rosemary was administrated orally (in diet) for two months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, kidney functions and histopathological examinations were assessed.

Results: Hesperidin (4878.88?ppm) and ellagic acid (403.57?ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in rosemary powder. Camphor (18.36%) and α-pinene (12.74%) represent the main E.O active ingredients. Rats treated with rosemary E.O showed a significant elevation in serum HDL (28.28%) accompanied by a decrease in LDL (115.47%). A significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea was also reported (69.72 and 109.89%, respectively). Moreover, serum glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) activity has been significantly increased. Kidney histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against DEN-induced abnormalities.

Conclusion: Rosemary (powder/E.O) was able to reduce or even prevent the severity of diethylnitrosamine-induced renal dysfunction.     

Alpine grassland plants grow earlier and faster but biomass remains unchanged over 35 years of climate change

Satellite data indicate significant advancement in alpine spring phenology over decades of climate warming, but corresponding field evidence is scarce. It is also unknown whether this advancement results from an earlier shift of phenological events, or enhancement of plant growth under unchanged phenological pattern. By analyzing a 35‐year dataset of seasonal biomass dynamics of a Tibetan alpine grassland, we show that climate change promoted both earlier phenology and faster growth, without changing annual biomass production. Biomass production increased in spring due to a warming‐induced earlier onset of plant growth, but decreased in autumn due mainly to increased water stress. Plants grew faster but the fast‐growing period shortened during the mid‐growing season. These findings provide the first in situ evidence of long‐term changes in growth patterns in alpine grassland plant communities, and suggest that earlier phenology and faster growth will jointly contribute to plant growth in a warming climate.     

The functional roles of species in metacommunities,as revealed by metanetwork analyses of bird–plant frugivory networks

Understanding how biodiversity and interaction networks change across environmental gradients is a major challenge in ecology. We integrated metacommunity and metanetwork perspectives to test species’ functional roles in bird–plant frugivory interactions in a fragmented forest landscape in Southwest China, with consequences for seed dispersal. Availability of fruit resources both on and under trees created vertical feeding stratification for frugivorous birds. Bird–plant interactions involving birds feeding only on‐the‐tree or both on and under‐the‐tree (shared) had a higher centrality and contributed more to metanetwork organisation than interactions involving birds feeding only under‐the‐tree. Moreover, bird–plant interactions associated with large‐seeded plants disproportionately contributed to metanetwork organisation and centrality. Consequently, on‐the‐tree and shared birds contributed more to metanetwork organisation whereas under‐the‐tree birds were more involved in local processes. We would expect that species’ roles in the metanetwork will translate into different conservation values for maintaining functioning of seed‐dispersal networks.     

Communicative roots of complex sociality and cognition

Mammals living in more complex social groups typically have large brains for their body size and many researchers have proposed that the primary driver of the increase in brain size through primate and hominin evolution was the selection pressures associated with sociality. Many mammals, and especially primates, use flexible signals that show a high degree of voluntary control and these signals may play an important role in forming and maintaining social relationships between group members. However, the specific role that cognitive skills play in this complex communication, and how in turn this relates to sociality, is still unclear. The hypothesis for the communicative roots of complex sociality and cognition posits that cognitive demands behind the communication needed to form and maintain bonded social relationships in complex social settings drives the link between brain size and sociality. We review the evidence in support of this hypothesis and why key features of cognitively complex communication such as intentionality and referentiality should be more effective in forming and maintaining bonded relationships as compared with less cognitively complex communication. Exploring the link between cognition, communication and sociality provides insights into how increasing flexibility in communication can facilitate the emergence of social systems characterised by bonded social relationships, such as those found in non‐human primates and humans. To move the field forward and carry out both within‐ and among‐species comparisons, we advocate the use of social network analysis, which provides a novel way to describe and compare social structure. Using this approach can lead to a new, systematic way of examining social and communicative complexity across species, something that is lacking in current comparative studies of social structure.     

Ecosystem services provided by armadillos

Awareness of the natural ecological processes provided by organisms that benefit human well‐being has significantly progressed towards the goal of making conservation a mainstream value. Identifying different services and the species that provide them is a vital first step for the management and maintenance of these so‐called ecosystem services. Herein, we specifically address the armadillos, which play key functional roles in terrestrial ecosystems, including as ecosystem engineers, predators, and vectors of invertebrates and nutrients, although these roles have often been overlooked. Armadillos can control pests, disperse seeds, and be effective sentinels of potential disease outbreaks or bioindicators of environmental contaminants. They also supply important material (meat, medicines) and non‐material (learning, inspiration) contributions all over the Americas. We identify key gaps in the understanding of ecosystem services provided by armadillos and areas for future research required to clarify their functional role in terrestrial ecosystems and the services they supply. Such information will produce powerful arguments for armadillo conservation.