超声导入疗法治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化临床研究

目的：探讨超声导入疗法对乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者进行治疗的临床效果。方法：选择符合诊断标准的慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化患者52例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各26例。对照组患者给予基本保肝治疗,试验组在对照组的基础上加用黄芪注射液进行超声导入,3个月为1个疗程。观察两组患者治疗前后症状、体征、血清肝纤维化指标、肝功能变化及影像学指标。结果：两组患者症状、体征均有不同程度的改善,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;试验组血清肝纤维化指标明显改善,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;肝功能及影像学指标的改善更明显（P〈0．01）。结论：超声导入疗法对慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化具有改善肝功能,减少肝细胞外基质的增生与沉积的效用,能够减轻或延缓肝纤维化的进展。     

黄芪决明子微乳对综合因素复制的脂肪肝大鼠的影响研究

目的:研究黄芪决明子微乳(ACM)对脂肪肝大鼠的防治作用,并进行相关机理探讨.方法:采用高脂饮食饲养,灌服酒精及注射小剂量四氧化碳制备大鼠脂肪肝模型,同时给予ACM制剂进行治疗.通过检测血清TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,ALT,AST等指标及肝组织中TC,TG含量,肝组织SOD活性,MDA含量等各项指标,观察肝组织病理学变化,从而考察不同剂量ACM对大鼠脂肪肝的防治作用.结果:ACM能明显改善脂肪肝大鼠肝组织病理学表现,减轻肝脂变程度;降低的血清中ALT的含量;显著升高血清HDL-C含量,降低血清TC,LDL-C,VLDL-C含量;降低肝组织TC,TG含量,降低肝组织MDA含量,增强肝组织SOD活性.结论:ACM对大鼠脂肪肝有良好的防治作用,防治机理与其具有调节血脂,降低肝脂,改善肝功能,增强肝脏抗氧化,清除肝毒性物质等作用相关.     

黄芪对BALB/C小鼠感染Coxsackie B_3病毒后T细胞免疫的影响

本文用抗原特异性细胞毒技术检测小鼠感染coxsackie B_3病毒后并腹腔注射黄芪一周在5—28天脾脏、外周血及心肌中T淋巴细胞亚群分布的变化情况。结果显示:黄芪治疗组小鼠外周血、脾脏中Thy1+细胞百分率在感染后第7—14天明显增高(P<0.05),在心肌中则低于同期生理盐水组。L3T4+淋巴细胞百分率黄芪治疗组在病毒感染后5—14天的脾脏,第9天的外周血和第7、14天的心肌中显著低于生理盐水组,而Lyt2+淋巴细胞百分率两实验组间均无统计学差异,提示中药黄芪对急性病毒性心肌炎小鼠T细胞免疫具有明显的调节作用,且主要是通过调节Thy1+和L3T4+淋巴细胞亚群而起到治疗目的的。     

Diverse genomic species and evidences of symbiotic gene lateral transfer detected among the rhizobia associated with Astragalus species grown in the temperate regions of China

Based on the analyses of ribosomal DNA and housekeeping genes, a total of 118 bacterial isolates obtained from 13 Astragalus species grown in the temperate region of China were identified as 19 genomic species of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Bradyrhizobium, two of them being putatively new species. Phylogenetic comparison of symbiotic genes (nodC and nifH) and housekeeping genes showed that the symbiotic genes of the Astragalus rhizobia were maintained by both vertical and horizontal transfer. The results demonstrated that the Astragalus species were very promiscuous hosts for rhizobia and that their rhizobia had very diverse genomic and symbiotic gene backgrounds.     

Characterization of selenocysteine methyltransferases from Astragalus species with contrasting selenium accumulation capacity

A group of selenium (Se)‐hyperaccumulating species belonging to the genus Astragalus are known for their capacity to accumulate up to 0.6% of their foliar dry weight as Se, with most of this Se being in the form of Se‐methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). Here, we report the isolation and molecular characterization of the gene that encodes a putative selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) enzyme from the non‐accumulator Astragalus drummondii and biochemically compare it with an authentic SMT enzyme from the Se‐hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus, a related species that lives within the same native habitat. The non‐accumulator enzyme (AdSMT) shows a high degree of homology with the accumulator enzyme (AbSMT) but lacks the selenocysteine methyltransferase activity in vitro, explaining why little or no detectable levels of MeSeCys accumulation are observed in the non‐accumulator plant. The insertion of mutations on the coding region of the non‐accumulator AdSMT enzyme to better resemble enzymes that originate from Se accumulator species results in increased selenocysteine methyltransferase activity, but these mutations were not sufficient to fully gain the activity observed in the AbSMT accumulator enzyme. We demonstrate that SMT is localized predominantly within the chloroplast in Astragalus, the principal site of Se assimilation in plants. By using a site‐directed mutagenesis approach, we show that an Ala to Thr amino acid mutation at the predicted active site of AbSMT results in a new enzymatic capacity to methylate homocysteine. The mutated AbSMT enzyme exhibited a sixfold higher capacity to methylate selenocysteine, thereby establishing the evolutionary relationship of SMT and homocysteine methyltransferase enzymes in plants.     

黄芪注射液对阿霉素性心肌细胞凋亡、内质网应激与缝隙连接蛋白表达的影响

目的：研究黄芪注射液对阿霉素（ADR）所致心肌病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡、内质网应激与缝隙连接蛋白表达的影响。方法：36只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为3组（n=12）：对照组、ADR组及黄芪注射液组。对照组腹腔注射0.9% Nacl （10 ml/kg体重）;ADR组腹腔注射ADR 2 mg/kg体重;黄芪注射液组在每次腹腔注射ADR 2 mg/kg体重的同时,注射黄芪注射液10 g/kg体重,每周注射1次,共注射3次。实验第7周末,3组大鼠行心脏彩超检测左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径及左室射血分数;处死大鼠后取左心室组织行HE、Masson、醋酸铀及柠檬酸铅染色,于光镜及透射电镜下观察心肌病理及超微结构改变;采用TUNEL法检测大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,用免疫组化技术检测大鼠心肌细胞缝隙连接蛋白Cx43及p-Cx43表达,采用real time PCR检测大鼠心肌细胞内质网应激伴侣蛋白Grp78,ATF-4及CHOP表达。结果：与对照组比较,ADR组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD增大,LVEF减少;心肌纤维排列紊乱,心肌纤维间质水肿,大量淋巴细胞浸润;线粒体肿胀、破坏,呈空泡样;心肌细胞凋亡数明显增多（P<0.01）;内质网应激相关蛋白Grp78、ATF-4及CHOP表达明显增高（P<0.01）;缝隙连接蛋白Cx43表达减少,而p-Cx43表达增多。与ADR组比较,黄芪注射液组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD减少,LVEF增加;心肌病理及超微结构明显改善,同时心肌细胞凋亡数明显减少（P<0.01）;内质网应激伴侣蛋白Grp78、ATF-4及CHOP表达明显减少（P<0.01）;缝隙连接蛋白Cx43表达增多,而p-Cx43减少。结论：黄芪注射液可有效改善阿霉素导致的心肌损伤,其机制可能与黄芪注射液抑制ADR诱导的内质网应激及缝隙连接蛋白磷酸化有关。     

黄芪多糖对乙型肝炎小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的作用及机制

目的:探讨黄芪多糖对乙型肝炎相关的肝脏脂肪变性的治疗作用及机制。方法:选取5-6周龄的SPF雄性小鼠共20只作为研究对象,随机分为研究组和对照组,各10例,研究组小鼠进行黄芪多糖溶液灌胃,对照组小鼠采用同样剂量的生理盐水灌胃。分别于用药前后测量体重(BW)、甘油三酯(TG)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)。结果:研究组小鼠用药后BW和TG明显低于对照组,数据经统计学比较具有显著差异(P<0.05)。用药前两组小鼠ALT和AST比较无显著差异,用药后研究组ALT和AST明显下降,与对照组用药后比较具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:黄芪多糖可有效降低乙型肝炎小鼠BW和血脂TG,减少ALT和AST,促进肝脏的排毒与修复,从而改善肝脏脂肪变性,缓解和治疗HBV的毒性和侵害性,提高治疗效果。     

阿勒泰黄芪提取物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B的抑制作用

本文探讨了阿勒泰黄芪不同提取物对蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B(PTP1B)的抑制作用.采用分光光度法测定了提取物中的黄酮和皂苷含量;通过体外酶促动力学方法检测了不同提取物对PTP1B的影响,并确定了抑制类型;并采用氧化酶法检测了阿勒泰黄芪提取物对细胞利用葡萄糖能力的作用.结果表明,阿勒泰黄芪8种提取物(E1 ～8)中黄酮含量分别为5.09、10.46、3.58、3.23、53.91、21.77、5.76和7.49 mg/mL,其中E1、E2、E6、E7、E8皂苷含量分别为16.53、27.45、21.90、10.21和8.96 mg/mL;各提取物对PTP1B活性均表现出抑制作用,其中E1、E2、E7、E8的IC50分别为34.8、4.7、7.35和7.15 μg/mL,E1、E7和E8是竞争性抑制,E2是混合型竞争性抑制.E1、E2、E5、E7和E8较明显的提高了CHO-K1细胞对葡萄糖的利用.提示皂苷可能是阿勒泰黄芪抑制PTP1B活性的主要物质,通过PTP1B途径有效了提高细胞利用葡萄糖的能力.本研究为阿勒泰黄芪开发为防治糖尿病及改善胰岛素抵抗的药物或保健品提供实验依据.     

根瘤菌在小麦与紫云英混作中的作用

采用盆钵实验,在小麦与紫云英混作系统中,通过对紫云英接种根瘤菌,研究了小麦与紫云英生长过程中植株生长、植株生物量、植株与土壤氮素变化情况及根瘤菌的酶活性．结果表明,在有根瘤菌接种的混作体系中,植株的生长得到促进,植株及土壤全氮均有增加,酶活性比单作也有所提高．