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101.
The hotspots of meiotic recombination in the human genome can be localized by genetic techniques. The resolution of these techniques is in the range of kilobases and depends on the density of the physical markers identifying allelic variants of the chromosomal loci. We thought it would be interesting to localize these sites with higher resolution. Assuming that some human chromosomal sites conserve their propensity for recombination when cloned in yeast, we localized the hotspots of recombination in several yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying human DNA. A number of potential recombination hotspots could be identified in the clones studied. Among them there are two classes of sites that are particularly recombination prone also in human meiotic cells: sites associated with CpG islands and sites located in the vicinity of long minisatellite sequences.Communicated by G. P. Georgiev 相似文献
102.
103.
Measuring tolerance to herbivory: accuracy and precision of estimates made using natural versus imposed damage 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Abstract.— Tolerance to herbivory (the ability of a plant to incur herbivore damage without a corresponding reduction in fitness) can be measured using either naturally occurring or imposed herbivore damage. After briefly reviewing some of the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, we present calculations describing the degree to which estimates of tolerance will be biased by environmental variables that affect both herbivory and fitness. With naturally occurring herbivory the presence of environmental variables that are correlated with herbivory and fitness will result in biased estimates of tolerance. In contrast, estimates obtained from experiments in which herbivory is artificially imposed will be unbiased; however, under a wide range of parameter values these estimates will be less precise than estimates obtained from experiments in which herbivory is not manipulated. 相似文献
104.
Tateyama Y Takano Y Tohno Y Moriwake Y Tohno S Hashimoto M Araki T 《Biological trace element research》2000,74(3):211-221
To show the relationships of calcium accumulation in the thoracic aorta to the other tissues, calcium contents were determined
with a microwave-induced plasma-atomic emission spectrometer on arteries, veins, cartilages, ligaments, and bones. These tissues
were resected from 18 individuals, consisting of 11 men and 7 women who died in the age range 59–91 yr. As thoracic and abdominal
aortas are routinely used for radiographic examination of arterial calcification, they appear to be standard tissues of the
calcium accumulation. The calcium accumulations were determined in the femoral artery, the superior and inferior venae cavae,
the internal jugular vein, cartilages of the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint and the intervertebral disk, both
the ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament and the ligamentum capitis femoris, and the calcaneus, in contrast with the
thoracic aorta.
As calcium increased in the thoracic aorta, it increased in the femoral artery, the articular disk of the temporomandibular
joint, the intervertebral disk, both ligaments of the anterior cruciate ligament, and the ligamentum capitis femoris, but
it did not increase in veins, such as the superior and inferior venae cavae and the internal jugular vein. In contrast, it
decreased in the calcaneus. 相似文献
105.
Genetic mapping of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11 下载免费PDF全文
H Koga T Sakou E Taketomi K Hayashi T Numasawa S Harata K Yone S Matsunaga B Otterud I Inoue M Leppert 《American journal of human genetics》1998,62(6):1460-1467
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL) is recognized as a common disorder among Japanese and throughout Asia. Estimates of its prevalence are in the range of 1. 9%-4.3%. Although its etiology is thought to involve a multiplicity of factors, epidemiological and family studies strongly implicate genetic susceptibility in the pathogenesis of OPLL. In this study we report an identification of a predisposing locus for OPLL, on chromosome 6p, close to the HLA complex. The evidence for this localization is provided by a genetic-linkage study of 91 affected sib pairs from 53 Japanese families. In this sib-pair study, D6S276, a marker lying close to the HLA complex, gives evidence for strongly significant linkage (P = .000006) to the OPLL locus. A candidate gene in the region, that for collagen 11A2, was analyzed for the presence of molecular variants in affected probands. Of 19 distinct variants identified, 4 showed strong statistical associations with OPLL (highest P = .0004). These observations of linkage and association, taken together, show that a genetic locus for OPLL lies close to the HLA region, on chromosome 6p. 相似文献
106.
107.
Methods of artificial insemination (AI) for indoor breeding in the Japanese monkey and the Cynomolgus monkey were investigated.
For the Japanese monkey AI was carried out in six females during the winter mating season and in six females during the summer
non-mating season. During the mating season, semen was inseminated near ovulation time in natural menstrual cycles. In the
mating season study, three females inseminated at the uterine cavity became pregnant. Three inseminated at the cervical canal
failed to become pregnant. For the non-mating season study, ovulation was induced artificially by PMSG and hCG and AI was
carried out near the induced ovulation time. In the non-mating season, no animals became pregnant. Of four Cynomolgus monkeys
used, pregnancy occurred in two animals inseminated near ovulation time in natural menstrual cycles. AI occurred at the uterine
cavity in one and cervical canal in the other. In both species ovulation was verified by laparoscopy. Semen was collected
by penile electro-stimulation then diluted to 2.5 to 5.0×107/ml with Whitten's medium. Diluted semen of 0.2l was inseminated at the uterine cavity or cervical canal. Our results indicate
the usefulness of vaginal AI as a method of artificial indoor breeding. 相似文献
108.
应用人工神经网络评价湖泊的富营养化 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
应用人工神经网络方法,以化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和透明度作为评价参数,经反复尝试,构建了具有4层结构用于评价湖泊富营养化的误差逆传播网络.其输入层有4个神经元,2个隐含层也各有4个神经元,输出层有1个神经元.以太湖富营养化评价标准作为样本模式提供给网络,按照误差逆传播网络的学习规则对网络进行训练,经过37684次学习后,网络达到预先给定的收敛标准.使网络具备了识别湖泊富营养化程度的功能.应用该网络对我国17个湖泊的富营养化程度进行评价,操作过程简便易行,评价结果切合实际,展示了这种方法的一系列优点. 相似文献
109.
Ivan Ineich 《Comptes rendus biologies》2010,333(1):76-82
I here provide some field observations and literature data showing that egg laying site availability could be the main limiting factor for most arboreal gecko population dynamics. Several natural (typhoons, volcanism, sea level variations) or human-mediated habitat modifications (garden openings in forested areas) provide enough habitat disturbances to significantly increase reproductive outputs in island gecko populations. Such observations, however, also apply to continental populations. Our observations suggest that artificial shelter and egg laying site creation could easily allow populations to increase and also supply easier access to arboreal species for ecological or biodiversity studies. Furthermore, our observations also point out that occurrence in man-made habitats and genetic uniformity of most widespread island lizards should not be considered as evidence of their recent introduction through human agency. 相似文献
110.
Abstract Newly‐mated Solenopsis invicta flight queens cast (shed) their wings within 24 h. An examination of their flight muscle cells reveals numerous apoptotic (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling positive) nuclei. By contrast, flight muscle cells of mature alate virgin (MAV) females removed 24 h earlier from a managed laboratory colony exhibit neither wing casting nor the presence of apoptotic nuclei. Using MAV‐females, the initiation of flight muscle apoptosis and wing casting is compared with artificial mating using seminal fluid with sperm, seminal fluid with no sperm, saline as a negative control, the mating flight as simulated in the laboratory, elevated CO2 exposure, application of methoprene (a juvenile hormone analogue), or injection of 20‐hydroxyecdysone. Numerous apoptotic nuclei are revealed in the flight muscle cells of mated dealate females 24 h after a natural mating flight but not in MAV‐females controls. Only artificial mating of MAV‐females reveals a similar pattern of apoptotic nuclei flight muscle 24 h after insemination. None of the other factors tested induces flight muscle cell apoptosis in MAV‐females. Methoprene dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, at a concentration of 0.44 ng per μL per ant, stimulates 90% of MAV‐females to shed their wings within 24 h, as opposed to 10% or less wing shedding for the methyl ethyl ketone control and all other treatments. 相似文献