冷蒿草原土壤可萌发种子库特征及其对放牧的响应

（１）采用萌发试验法对内蒙古冷蒿（Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａ ｆｒｉｇｉｄａ）草原土壤种子特征及其在不同放牧压力下的变化进行了研究。（２）冷蒿草原可萌发种子库由４种多年生禾草,１１种种多年生杂草及３种１年生植物所组成。（３）每样中的可萌发种子是变化于４５到３０５之间,平均１０２／样。多年生禾草、多年生杂类草及１年生植物的土壤中种子量分别占总可萌发种子库的４６．５７％、５１．９６％和１．５７％。多年和禾 草     

不同放牧率对内蒙古冷蒿草原植物多样性的影响

以８年（１９８９－１９９７年定位的放牧试验数据为基础,较全面分析了不同放牧率对冷蒿（Ａrtemisia frigida）草原植物多样性和草场异质性的影响,并从内蒙古细毛羊选择性采食和植物适应策略的角度探讨其影响机制。研究发现,在进行冷蒿小禾草草原的物种丰富度调查是,１００m的样线法是可行的;在探讨放牧对群落多样性的影响时,Ｓimpson多样性指数和均匀度指数对放牧率大小的变化更敏感。经过连续８年的放牧,不同放牧率对物种丰富度的影响不大。但植物多样性和均匀度随放牧率的增大而下降,群落优势度却随放牧率增大而增大,;内蒙古细毛羊的选择性采食和较高放牧率和互作是导致植物多样性和均匀度下降及群落优势度上升的主要原因。冷蒿、糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa)、星毛委陵菜（Potentilla acaulis)、冰草（Ａgropyron cristatum)和寸草苔（Carex duriusula)在不同放牧率下的种群消长决定了冷蒿草原的放牧演退规律和植物多样性大小;尽管内蒙古细毛羊较喜食糙隐子草,但其种群在所有放牧率下均是多度最大的３个种群之一。     

Physiological water strategy of Artemisia ordosica around soil threshold of drought

The mechanism for plants around the soil threshold of drought (close to the soil wilting water content) is a problem that needs to be further explored. In this paper, Artemisia ordosica, which grows in the Tengri Desert, was selected to analyze the changes in the plant water potentials in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the water contents in the roots, shoots and leaves of A. ordosica, and the indices in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. Based on the statistics, we discussed the water physiology mechanism around the soil drought threshold. The results show that, around the soil drought threshold, besides absorbing and transporting water, the roots could serve as temporary water reservoirs that enable A. ordosica to continue to transport the SPAC water and survive severe drought. As drought becomes more severe, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increases and they have significant correlations with the tissue water content. The activity of peroxidase (POD) decreases and it has no significant correlation with the tissue water content. During daytime, when temperature is high, the soluble sugar does not participate in the osmotic adjustment but eliminate the active oxygen free radicals. Thus, around the soil threshold of drought, A. ordosica maintains a physiological water metabolism by harmo-nizing water itself and eliminate the active oxygen and the free radicals by the joint efforts of enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems.     

沙坡头地区人工林植物的水分生态位适宜度分析

本文根据沙坡头水分观测站多年的土壤水分观测记录,建立了植物种生态位适宜度的数学模型,对各种固沙植物不同密度下的生态位适宜度,以及适宜度的时空变化进行了定量分析。结果表明合理的营林密度为２５００株每公顷,这时植物种的生态位适宜度最大。     

一个新高产青蒿倍半萜合酶基因的克隆、表达和分析

用RACE方法从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)高产株系001中克隆了一个新的1 886 bp的全长倍半萜合酶cDNA.克隆的倍半萜合酶氨基酸序列与烟草马兜铃烯合酶、莨菪岩兰螺旋二烯合酶、棉花杜松烯合酶的一致性分别为39%、38%和41%;与青蒿柏木脑合酶、紫穗槐二烯合酶和一个推测的倍半萜合酶克隆cASC125的一致性为50%、48%和59%.cDNA编码区序列被克隆进原核表达载体pET-30a,并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,但过量表达的蛋白主要是以不溶性蛋白形式存在.Northern blotting分析表明此基因在茎、叶和花中表达,在根中没有表达.     

Distribution of VA mycorrhiza on halophytes on inland salt playas

The value of mycorrhizal association for higher plants has been well established. However, the impact of high salinity on the mycorrhizal relationship has not been investigated to any great extent. Inland salt playas represent an opportunity to test the impact of salinity because it is possible to obtain a gradient by following a transect from the centre of the salt playa to the higher outer zones. In a salt playa near Goshen, Utah, the sodium concentration ranged from 27,150 ppm in the centre to 25 ppm in the outer zone. In the playas with sodium concentrations of 20,000 ppm, no mycorrhiza were detected on the halophytes and no spores of mycorrhizal fungi were found in the soil. One percent of the roots of salt grass in soils containing 8,450 ppm of sodium were mycorrhizal. In soils containing 622 ppm of 45 percent of the roots of a salt-tolerant grass (hybrid ofAgropyron repens × Agropyron spicatum) were mycorrhizal. Halophytes such asSalicornia pacifica var.utahensis which are among the most salt tolerant halophytes of the inland salt playas rarely had mycorrhizal roots. The mycorrhizal associations appear to be very limited in inland salt playas with sodium content.     

Succession and fluctuation in Artemisia dominated grassland

Vegetation dynamics were studied from 1940 to 1978 in two grazed pastures and associated exclosures in sand sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) dominated grassland, western Oklahoma, USA. In both pastures and one exclosure, pattern of vegetation change reflected fluctuation rather than succession. In the other exclosure, the grassland exhibited a directional change from annual grasses and forbs to dominance by perennial grasses. Rate of change was consistent during the 39 year period. Cover of grasses increased more in grazed than ungrazed areas. Grass cover was negatively correlated with high air temperatures early in the growing season. Forb cover remained relatively constant over time and shrub cover peaked during the 1960s. Abundance of annuals and cool season species was positively correlated with rainfall early in the growing season.Species diversity and richness were lowest in the ungrazed areas, as a result of increased dominance by perennial grasses such as Schizachyrium scoparium. In pastures and exclosures, richness was positively correlated with growing season precipitation. Cover of the common species differed among sample areas within years and fluctuated between years. Few general patterns emerged from correlations of environmental variables with cover of individual species. In general, vegetation dynamics in these sand sagebrush grasslands reflect a tradeoff in that total cover changes little over time because the loss of some species is compensated for by increased growth of others. Such trade-offs reflect the individualistic response of the component species within each pasture or exclosure. Although changes in growth form composition were related to climatic fluctuation, broad-scale climatic variables could not successfully predict small-scale patterns of change by individual species over time.     

Burial increases seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae) subspecies

? Premise of the study: Seed longevity and persistence in soil seed banks may be especially important for population persistence in ecosystems where opportunities for seedling establishment and disturbance are unpredictable. The fire regime, an important driver of population dynamics in sagebrush steppe ecosystems, has been altered by exotic annual grass invasion. Soil seed banks may play an active role in postfire recovery of the foundation shrub Artemisia tridentata, yet conditions under which seeds persist are largely unknown. ? Methods: We investigated seed longevity of two Artemisia tridentata subspecies in situ by retrieving seed bags that were placed at varying depths over a 2 yr period. We also sampled naturally dispersed seeds in litter and soil immediately after seed dispersal and before flowering in subsequent seasons to estimate seed persistence. ? Key results: After 24 mo, seeds buried at least 3 cm below the soil surface retained 30-40% viability whereas viability of seeds on the surface and under litter declined to 0 and < 11%, respectively. The density of naturally dispersed seeds in the seed bank was highly heterogeneous both spatially and temporally, and attrition varied significantly by region. ? Conclusions: Our study suggests that Artemisia tridentata has the potential to form a short-term soil seed bank that persists longer than has been commonly assumed, and that burial is necessary for seed longevity. Use of seeding techniques that promote burial of some seeds to aid in formation of a soil seed bank may increase restoration potential.     

荒漠草原优势种群油蒿空间分布格局对封育恢复的响应

灌木对维持草原生物多样性、稳定性及生态服务功能等具有重要作用,探究封育措施对优势灌木种群的影响,可为草原恢复和抚育管理提供科学指导.本研究对荒漠草原4个封育时间(封育0、5、15、25年)的优势种群油蒿个体特征及种群空间分布格局进行研究.结果表明:油蒿种群密度随着封育时间延长先增加后降低,封育15年时最高,为未封育样地...     

峨眉山自然保护区的虫草及其它昆虫病原真菌Ⅰ.

采自四川省峨眉山自然保护区的虫草及其相关昆虫病原真菌,其中除有常见的蛹虫草Cordycepsmilitaris（Vuill．）Fr,粉被虫草（CordycepspruinosaPetch）,蝉拟青霉Paecilomycescicadae（Miquel）Samson,球孢白僵菌Beauveriabassiana（Bals．）Vuill等昆虫病原真菌外,将主要描述峨眉虫草新种（CordycepsemeiensisA.Y.LiuetLiangsp.nov.）,龙洞虫草新种（CordycepslongdongensisA.Y.LiuetLiangspnov．）,暗绿虫草新记录种（CordycepsatrovirensKob．etShim．）和蛹虫草球头变种新记录种Cordycepsmilitarisvar.sphaerocephala（Schw）Fr．等几种虫草菌。