植物源调节剂对水稻的影响

植物源调节剂是利用艾蒿为主要原料,首次用提取的混合物研制成的一种植物生长调节剂,使用80mg/L的植物源调节剂混合物水溶液,分别在水稻苗期、拔节期、孕穗期叶面喷洒,清水对照。结果表明:植物源调节剂使水稻增产11.38%,千粒重增加11.45%。株干重增加了17.1%。在灌浆期连续测定表明:相对于CK,穗粒重增加10.9%,叶绿素含量提高14.41%。品质分析结果为:可溶性糖含量提高15.57%、游离氨基酸含量提高18.52%、淀粉含量提高1.59%,可溶性蛋白质降低22.17%、粗纤维降低1.95%、粗脂肪降低1.22%。该植物源调节剂对水稻的生长和产量都有显著的促进效应。     

毛乌素沙地半固定沙丘油蒿种群对土壤湿度空间异质性的响应

将统计学和地统计学方法相结合,探讨了毛乌素沙地半固定沙丘土壤湿度空间异质性与油蒿种群空间异质性之间的关系. 结果表明,在块尺度（80 m×80 m）上,油蒿密度和生物量的空间异质性受制于土壤湿度的空间异质性,尤其油蒿生物量的空间异质性与土壤湿度的空间异质性呈显著正相关关系.表明在半固定沙丘阶段,土壤湿度的空间异质性决定油蒿种群的空间异质性. 由于沙丘地形对降水量的再分配在土壤湿度分布中的作用,土壤湿度和油蒿种群空间异质性相互作用的结果为地形的缀块性→土壤湿度分布的缀块性→油蒿种群分布的缀块性→油蒿生物量和密度的缀块性.     

Soil water use strategy of dominant species in typical natural and planted shrubs in loess hilly Region北大核心CSCD

Aims Artemisia gmelinii is a dominant specie naturally established after abandonment of cultivated lands in the Loess Plateau, and Caragana korshinskii is one of the main planted shrub species to control soil erosion. Improved understanding of water use strategies of these two species is of great significance to evaluate the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau under the trend of climate warming and increasing drought events. Methods Stable oxygen-18 isotope was used to determine seasonal variations in the water sources of native A. gmelinii communities established after abandonment of cultivated lands for 7 and 30 years and planted C. korshinskii after 30 years. The contributions of soil water from different depths to water uptake were estimated by the MixSIR Bayesian mixing model. The geometric mean regression method was used to fit the line of precipitation to get the local meteoric water line (LWML). Important findings The stable hydrogen isotope rate (δD) and stable oxygen isotope rate (δ18O) of soil water and xylem water plotted to the right side of the LWML, indicating that the isotopic compositions of soil water were enriched due to evaporation. The native A. gmelinii communities established after abandonment of cultivated lands for 7 years and planted C. korshinskii after 30 years showed plasticity in switching water sources from different soil layers, extracting water from shallow soil (0-40 cm) when soil water was available, but deeper soil (40-80 cm) when shallow soil water was dry. In contrast, A. gmelinii growing in site after cultivation abandonment for 30 years mainly relied on water from the surface soil (0-10 cm) throughout the growing season. Our results suggest that the ability of A. gmelinii to compete for soil water reduces with aging of the community while the planted C. korshinskii will have competitive advantage under the condition of increasing frequency of drought events in the future.     

Soil water use strategy of dominant species in typical natural and planted shrubs in loess hilly region

Aims Artemisia gmelinii is a dominant specie naturally established after abandonment of cultivated lands in the Loess Plateau, and Caragana korshinskii is one of the main planted shrub species to control soil erosion. Improved understanding of water use strategies of these two species is of great significance to evaluate the sustainable development of the Loess Plateau under the trend of climate warming and increasing drought events.
Methods Stable oxygen-18 isotope was used to determine seasonal variations in the water sources of native A. gmelinii communities established after abandonment of cultivated lands for 7 and 30 years and planted C. korshinskii after 30 years. The contributions of soil water from different depths to water uptake were estimated by the MixSIR Bayesian mixing model. The geometric mean regression method was used to fit the line of precipitation to get the local meteoric water line (LWML).
Important findings The stable hydrogen isotope rate (δD) and stable oxygen isotope rate (δ¹⁸O) of soil water and xylem water plotted to the right side of the LWML, indicating that the isotopic compositions of soil water were enriched due to evaporation. The native A. gmelinii communities established after abandonment of cultivated lands for 7 years and planted C. korshinskii after 30 years showed plasticity in switching water sources from different soil layers, extracting water from shallow soil (0-40 cm) when soil water was available, but deeper soil (40-80 cm) when shallow soil water was dry. In contrast, A. gmelinii growing in site after cultivation abandonment for 30 years mainly relied on water from the surface soil (0-10 cm) throughout the growing season. Our results suggest that the ability of A. gmelinii to compete for soil water reduces with aging of the community while the planted C. korshinskii will have competitive advantage under the condition of increasing frequency of drought events in the future.     

艾草和窃衣挥发物的提取鉴定及其对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫选择性的影响

[目的]在前期研究中,我们发现艾草Artemisia argyi和窃衣Torilis scabra都有吸引或驱避昆虫的作用.然而还未见有研究报道艾草和窃衣以及它们的挥发物对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci MED隐种成虫的作用.本研究旨在检测能否利用艾草和窃衣及其挥发物对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫实施绿色防控.[方法]通过...     

丛枝菌根真菌对黄花蒿生长及药效成分的影响

通过盆栽接种试验,研究丛枝菌根（AM）真菌对药用植物黄花蒿的生长、营养吸收和药效成分的影响.结果表明：接种摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉增加了黄花蒿对N、P、K的吸收,及叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、茎粗和地上生物量,尤其以接种摩西球囊霉的促进作用更强;接种摩西球囊霉后植株茎、小枝和叶中的青蒿素含量分别提高了32.8%、15.2%和19.6%,接种地表球囊霉后分别提高了26.5%、10.1%和14.9%;接种摩西球囊霉和地表球囊霉的黄花蒿地上部的挥发油收油率比未接种的分别提高45.0%和25.0%,而且挥发油成分发生了改变.     

野艾蒿挥发油对HeLa癌细胞形态与结构的影响

采用MTT法检测细胞活力,用倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察细胞形态与结构的变化,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞微管的分布,从而研究了野艾蒿挥发油对HeLa人宫颈癌细胞形态与结构的影响。结果表明:(1)野艾蒿挥发油对HeLa癌细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性。(2)野艾蒿挥发油处理HeLa癌细胞24h后,100、200μg/mL实验组细胞体积缩小,核染色质凝集、微绒毛消失、细胞表面有泡状突起,微管解聚,呈现典型的凋亡特征;400μg/mL实验组细胞膜破裂、胞浆内含物外泄,呈明显的坏死特征。(3)野艾蒿挥发油具有抑制HeLa癌细胞增殖的作用,低、中浓度的野艾蒿挥发油诱导细胞凋亡,而高浓度的野艾蒿挥发油引起细胞坏死。     

黄土高原4种植被类型的细根生物量和年生产量

细根(≤2 mm)在陆地生态系统净初级生产力的分配中占有重要地位,在碳循环和水土保持方面具有重要意义. 本文采用土钻法和内生长法,以黄土高原刺槐人工林、落叶灌木、退耕草地和沙蒿群落4种主要植被类型为对象,研究0～40 cm土层细根生物量、垂直分布和细根年生产量. 结果表明： 细根生物量与纬度呈线性负相关. 4种植被类型0～40 cm土层细根生物量的大小顺序为落叶灌木(220 g·m^-2)>刺槐人工林(163 g·m^-2)≈退耕草地(162 g·m^-2)>沙蒿群落(79 g·m^-2). 退耕草地直径≤1 mm细根生物量占直径≤2 mm总细根生物量的74.1%,在4种植被类型中最高;4种植被类型细根生物量随着土层深度的增加而减少,最大值均出现在0～10 cm土层. 退耕草地0～10 cm土层细根生物量占0～40 cm土层总细根生物量的44.1%,显著高于其他3种植被类型;细根年生产量与纬度呈线性负相关. 4种植被类型0～40 cm土层细根年生产量大小顺序为退耕草地(315 g·m^-2·a^-1)>落叶灌木(249 g·m^-2·a^-1)>刺槐人工林(219 g·m^-2·a^-1)>沙蒿群落(115 g·m^-2·a^-1),其中退耕草地显著高于其他3种植被类型. 退耕草地0～10 cm土层细根生产量占0～40 cm土层总细根生产量的40.4%,在4种植被类型中最高. 退耕草地细根周转时间为0.51 a,低于其他3种植被类型.     

Plant Recruitment and Soil Microbial Characteristics of Rehabilitation Seedings Following Wildfire in Northern Utah

One goal of post‐fire native species seeding is to increase plant community resistance to exotic weed invasions, yet few studies address the impacts of seeding on exotic annual establishment and persistence. In 2010 and 2011, we investigated the influence of seedings on exotic annuals and the underlying microbial communities. The wildfire site in northern Utah was formerly dominated by Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis, but burned in September 2008. Experimental seeding treatments were installed in November 2008 to examine strategies for establishing native species using two drills, hand broadcasts and different timing of seed applications (resulting in 13 seeding treatments). We collected aboveground biomass of invasive annuals (Halogeton glomeratus, Salsola kali, and Bromus tectorum), other volunteer plants from the extant seed bank, and seeded species from all treatments in the second and third years after fire. We sampled soils within microsites beneath native perennial bunchgrass and exotic annuals to characterize underlying soil microbial communities. High precipitation following seeding led to strong seedling establishment and we found few differences between seeding treatments established with either drill. All seeded treatments reduced exotic biomass by at least 90% relative to unseeded controls. Soil microbial communities (phospholipid fatty acid analysis), beneath B. tectorum, Poa secunda, and Pseudoroegneria spicata microsites differed little 3 years after fire. However, microbial abundance beneath P. spicata increased from June to July, suggesting that microbial communities beneath successful seedings can vary greatly within a single growing season.     

内蒙古科尔沁沙地两种沙生植物冷蒿和差不嘎蒿竞争策略的生理生态学依据

研究了中国内蒙古科尔沁沙地两种优势灌木冷蒿(Artemisiafrigida Willd)和差不嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendronTurcz.ex Bess)在不同土壤水分状况条件下的气体交换、水分关系和叶片的化学特性.测定设置了5个土壤水分梯度:土壤最大含水量(体积含水量,30%)、田间持水量(对照,20%)、轻度水分胁迫(10%)、极端干旱(＜4%)和旱后复水(20%).冷蒿的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(TR)和水势(ψw低于差不嘎蒿,相对水分亏缺(RWD)、束缚水含量(BWC)、束缚水与自由水的比值(BWC/FWC)和综合抗旱性指数(DI)高于差不嘎蒿.两种灌木对不同土壤含水量的响应不同,随着土壤含水量的逐渐下降,差不嘎蒿的ψw、BWC和BWC/FWC出现大幅度的波动,波动幅度远远的大于冷蒿,冷蒿则显示了一个较差不嘎蒿高的持水能力和抗旱能力.冷蒿和差不嘎蒿的脯氨酸和总可溶性糖含量随土壤含水量的降低均呈增加的趋势,冷蒿增加的幅度大于差不嘎蒿,说明冷蒿的渗透调节能力在干旱过程中有较大提高.在长期极端干旱条件下,两种灌木的ψw,RWD,BWC和BWC/FWC的终极值相近;有机物、脯氨酸和总可溶性糖含量大量累积;冷蒿的脯氨酸和总可溶性糖含量增加的幅度和可溶性蛋白质降解的幅度远远超过差不嘎蒿;我们认为此时累积的物质主要作为营养物质,以供植物的旱后恢复,此时冷蒿的恢复能力超过差不嘎蒿,这是极端干旱条件下差不嘎蒿死亡而冷蒿存活的主要原因之一.我们的研究结果显示,相对于差不嘎蒿而言,冷蒿在水分胁迫条件下的生理生态学特性更有利于其在固定沙地的生长,差不嘎蒿则由于对水资源微弱的竞争丧失了生存优势,是引起科尔沁沙地植被演替过程中冷蒿替代差不嘎蒿的主要原因.