黄热病病毒检测微阵列的研究制备

目的:制备黄热病病毒寡核苷酸检测微阵列.方法:根据黄热病病毒基因组序列,并应用生物信息学软件设计出寡核苷酸探针用于制备基因芯片,克隆于质粒上的黄热病病毒全长基因DNA经限制性显示技术扩增并标记,完成杂交后对芯片进行扫描和数据分析.结论:微阵列检测技术为检测黄热病病毒提供了一种早期、快速、可靠的方法,具有应用于临床检测的前景.     

猪瘟病毒E2基因在昆虫细胞/杆状病毒中的表达

目的利用昆虫细胞/杆状病毒系统表达猪瘟病毒(CSFV)E2蛋白,用于E2蛋白功能、开发CSF新型疫苗以及建立相关血清学诊断方法等研究。方法采用RT-PCR扩增CSFV E2基因,将PCR产物克隆到pGEM-T-Easy载体,将该基因插入到pFast-BacHT A载体中,构建重组转座载体后转化DH10Bac感受态细胞,获得重组Bacmid质粒后转染sf9昆虫细胞,传毒3代,对表达蛋白进行Western-blot及免疫组化鉴定。结果成功克隆CSFVE2基因,其核苷酸序列为1119 bp。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示表达E2蛋白相对分子质量约为43×103,Western-blot和免疫组化结果证实表达蛋白能够被CSFV标准阳性血清识别。结论在Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒系统中的成功表达了CSFV E2蛋白,与CSFV标准阳性血清具有较好的反应性。     

伤寒Vi多糖结合疫苗免疫小鼠后的抗体类型及动态分析

伤寒Vi多糖结合疫苗和Vi多糖疫苗分别免疫小鼠,分离血清,采用间接ELISA法测定不同时点血清中特异性IgA、IgM、IgG及其亚类(IgG1、IgG2a、IgG3)的抗体滴度。结果显示,免疫一针后,Vi多糖结合疫苗组的IgG抗体GMT值明显升高,第二针有加强效应(P<0.01);所测3种IgG亚型中IgG2a抗体滴度升高明显;Vi多糖和结合疫苗免疫小鼠后,血清中IgA和IgM抗体滴度均有显著升高,但无加强应答。显示Vi多糖结合疫苗在诱导小鼠血清IgG应答方面有加强效应。     

Spatial variation in abundance of the junin virus hosts in endemic and nonendemic Argentine haemorrhagic fever zones

Abstract Argentine haemorrhagic fever (AHF) is caused by Junin (JUN) virus, which is hosted by the drylands vesper mouse (Calomys musculinus). In this work we monitored population abundance of C. musculinus and rodent assemblages for 3 years in and outside the AHF endemic zones (northern Buenos Aires, southern Córdoba and Santa Fe Provinces, Argentina). The study area was divided into endemic and nonendemic zones. In the endemic zone epidemic sites were recognized, characterized by recent emergence and maintenance of AHF cases, and also historical sites, characterized by decreased incidence or disappearance of AHF human cases. In the nonendemic zone AHF has never been recognized. Although differences were statistically significant only during some periods, population abundance of C. musculinus was usually lower in the nonendemic sites. The pattern and magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in C. musculinus populations were also distinct in the nonendemic sites as compared to endemic sites. The relative abundance of C. musculinus in rodent assemblage was lower in nonendemic sites than in the endemic sites. The lower population densities and dampened seasonal dynamics may be at least partly responsible for the absence of AHF cases in the nonendemic zone. It is suggested that the balance between intra and interspecific interactions might be the cause of the pattern of incidence and prevalence of pathogens in the host species.     

Fish can show emotional fever: stress-induced hyperthermia in zebrafish

Whether fishes are sentient beings remains an unresolved and controversial question. Among characteristics thought to reflect a low level of sentience in fishes is an inability to show stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH), a transient rise in body temperature shown in response to a variety of stressors. This is a real fever response, so is often referred to as ‘emotional fever’. It has been suggested that the capacity for emotional fever evolved only in amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles), in association with the evolution of consciousness in these groups. According to this view, lack of emotional fever in fishes reflects a lack of consciousness. We report here on a study in which six zebrafish groups with access to a temperature gradient were either left as undisturbed controls or subjected to a short period of confinement. The results were striking: compared to controls, stressed zebrafish spent significantly more time at higher temperatures, achieving an estimated rise in body temperature of about 2–4°C. Thus, zebrafish clearly have the capacity to show emotional fever. While the link between emotion and consciousness is still debated, this finding removes a key argument for lack of consciousness in fishes.     

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and its pathogen SFTSV

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever in East Asia with case fatality up to 50%. SFTS is caused by SFTSV, a tick borne bunyavirus. In endemic area in China 1%–3% population was infected with SFTSV, but age is critical risk factor for hospitalization and death of SFTS patients.     

Organosulphur constituents in garlic oil elicit antennal and behavioural responses from the yellow fever mosquito

Garlic (Allium sativum) and its essential oil have long been used for their distinct flavour, therapeutic effects and as a topical and systemic insect repellent. We tested the hypothesis that the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), responds electrophysiologically and behaviourally to specific components of the steam‐distilled essential oil of garlic. In coupled gas chromatographic‐electroantennographic detection analyses of garlic oil, antennae of female Ae. aegypti responded to 14 compounds. Seven of them [diallyl disulphide, diallyl trisulphide, diallyl tetrasulphide, 2‐(2,3‐dithia‐5‐hexenyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thiopyran, 3‐(2,3‐dithia‐5‐hexenyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐thiopyran, 6‐methyl‐4,5,8,9‐tetrathiadodeca‐1,11‐diene and 4,5,9,10‐tetrathiatrideca‐1,12‐diene] were isolated or synthesized and tested for their ability to repel host‐seeking female Ae. aegypti. A solution of diallyl trisulphide and diallyl tetrasulphide applied to a human forearm provided protection from female mosquitoes significantly longer than the paraffin oil control. All compounds had mean protection times significantly shorter than an equivalent dose of the ‘gold standard’N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide. Understanding the common moiety in organosulfur compounds that causes repellence could lead to the design of analogues that are more effective than their natural counterparts in repelling mosquitoes.     

中国新疆维吾尔自治区不明原因发热人群中Tahyna病毒感染状况调查

本研究通过对新疆地区不明原因发热人群血清Tahyna病毒抗体进行检测,以了解Tahyna病毒在当地的感染状况及分布特征。通过间接免疫荧光方法对新疆维吾尔自治区南部喀什地区、北部伊犁地区742例不明原因发热患者急性期血清标本进行Tahyna病毒抗体检测,并对IgM抗体阳性标本平行进行Tahyna病毒、Snowshoe hare病毒和Inkoo病毒三种抗原性相似的布尼亚病毒的蚀斑减少中和试验。研究结果显示新疆南部喀什地区采集不明原因发热患者急性期血清中,IgM抗体阳性率5.3%,IgG抗体阳性率18.3%;新疆北部伊犁地区采集的急性期患者血清标本中并未发现TAHV IgM抗体阳性;蚀斑减少中和试验结果显示,TAHV IgM抗体阳性患者血清中Tahyna病毒中和抗体滴度较其它两种布尼亚病毒中和抗体滴度升高明显。本研究证实新疆南部地区不明原因发热人群存在Tahyna病毒的急性感染和既往感染,为相关疾病的进一步监测提供基础。     

埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒的研究进展

埃博拉病毒可以引起一种人畜共患烈性传染病,即埃博拉出血热,此病于1976年始发于埃博拉河流域,并且于该区域严重流行,故而得名。人类一旦感染埃博拉病毒,死亡率可高达88%,从而引起医学界的广泛关注,世界卫生组织已将埃博拉病毒列为对人类危害最为严重的病毒之一。深入地了解埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒,及其致病机理,对于埃博拉出血热的预防和控制具有非常重要的意义。     

肾综合征出血热胸部并发症的CT表现

目的：总结肾综合征出血热（EHF）胸部并发症的CT表现和探讨胸部CT表现对肾综合征出血热的诊断价值。方法：分析60例经HFRS-IgM阳性确诊的HFRS的胸部螺旋cT表现,其中轻型5例、中型20例、重型28例、危重型7例。结果：肺部感染22例,肺水肿12例,胸腔积液4l例,心包积液17例,其中,心包积液合并肺水肿者4例,肺部感染并胸腔积液者4例,胸腔积液合并下肺局部膨胀不全18例,胸部CT检查正常8例。结论：肾综舍征出血热,胸部并发症发生几率较高,以胸腔积液及胸腔积液并下肺膨胀不全发生几率最高,HFRS的胸部CT表现对于临床有很好的治疗意义,早期CT检查可准确显示肾综合征出血热病人胸部改变的特征。