准噶尔盆地白垩纪轮藻化石组合序列

新疆准噶尔盆地的白垩系发育较好,其中含有丰富的轮藻化石,计有20属1亚属63种1亚种3变种2比较种1新型2未定种,其中包括7个新种。根据轮藻植物群的演化,可在盆地的南缘、腹部和东北缘建立4个化石带1个亚带和1个组合:Clypeator zongjiangensis带(南缘、腹部及东北缘),时代相当于Berriasian-Valanginian;Flabellochara hebeiensis带(南缘),时代为Barremian;Clypeator jiuquanensis带(腹部),时代为Hauterivian-Bar-remian,其中包含Atopochara trivolvis triquetra亚带,时代为Barremian;Atopochara restricta带(腹部),时代为Cenomanian;Aclistochara mundulavar.elliptica-Raskyaechara gobica-Tolypella grambasti组合(腹部、北部及东北缘),时代应为晚白垩世中、晚期。该组合序列的建立,对确定准噶尔盆地白垩系的年代格架以及与国内外有关地层的对比关系具有十分重要的意义。     

Siluro-Devonian miospore biostratigraphy of the Urubu River area, western Amazon Basin, northern Brazil

Well-preserved miospores have been observed in the Urubu River area from the western part of the Amazon Basin, northern Brazil, in rocks belonging to the uppermost Pitinga and Manacapuru Formations. A previous palynological work based on chitinozoans has dated these strata as Late Ludlow, Early Pridoli and Early Lochkovian. Although samples are relatively poor in miospores, the present study reveals the most diversified Silurian-Earliest Lochkovian palynoflora ever reported from South America, an interval where miospore information is still very rare. Sixty-four species have been identified, of which two are new (Artemopyra urubuense and Retusotriletes amazonensis). One single specimen attributed to the genus Grandispora, identical to unpublished forms identified by one of us (P.S.) in Lochkovian sections of Saudi Arabia, has been found in a Lochkovian sample from the Urubu River. These constitute the oldest geological record of Grandispora. Among the abundant acritarchs, specimens of the genus Schizocystia have been observed for the first time in pre-Devonian rocks.Although the Late Silurian-Early Lochkovian miospore biostratigraphy is still in its infancy in South America, it seems that Amazon Basin assemblages do not show significant differences in composition in comparison to coeval palynofloras from other areas of northwestern Gondwana. This is surprising since the miospore localities under consideration are widely distributed over high to low paleolatitudes, i.e. from cool temperate to dry subtropical belts. Conversely, Siluro-Devonian Gondwanan assemblages differ considerably from the contemporary palynofloras of the Old Red Sandstone Continent and adjacent areas, thus contradicting recent phytogeographic interpretations based on megafloras.     

柴达木盆地冷湖地区中-晚始新世化石轮藻LAMPROTHAMNIUM GANCHAIGOUENSIS 组合带及其层序生物地层学意义

柴达木盆地冷湖构造的一些岩屑古生物分析发现,下干柴沟组上段存在一明显的化石轮藻Lamprothamnium ganchaigouensis组合带,而且这一组合带底界与下干柴沟组上段与下段的地质分界相当。在地震时间剖面上,通过井间追层及化石对比,发现这一化石组合带底界均与T4地震标准层相对应,形成了一个地震层序界面(等时界面)。因此,通过生物地层学与地震地层学的综合研究,可建立层序生物地层单元,具有层序生物地层学意义;地震与古生物资料的联合横向对比还可以帮助评估化石层位和标定地震标准层的相对位置,在生产实践中可节约成本,提高地层对比效率。     

甘肃潮水盆地潮参1井侏罗纪介形类化石

潮水盆地潮参1井发现Darwinula-Timiriasevia化石组合,化石丰富．保存完好。组合特征显示其地质时代为中侏罗世晚期。     

陕西中三叠世中蝎蛉科两新属和新种(昆虫纲,长翅目)

记述中蝎蛉科Mesopanorpodidae 2新属、新种：Triassochoristites jinsuoguanensis gen．et sp．nov．,Forcinerva tongchuanensis gen．et sp．nov．化石标本采自陕西铜川中三叠世铜川组下段上部的灰绿色泥岩和页岩。这些新属、种系陕西昆虫群(陕西生物群的一个类别)铜川昆虫组合的新成员。铜川组的时代相当于欧洲拉丁尼期(Ladinian Stagc)。     

新疆准噶尔盆地北缘Pliopithecus的发现(英文)

1997和 1 998年的野外工作期间 ,在新疆准噶尔盆地北缘铁尔斯哈巴合中中新世哈拉玛盖组的底部第二砂层中发现了 4枚上猿牙齿。两枚显然是属于同一个体的左m2和m3发现于 980 1 7地点 ,地理坐标为 46°39.997′N ,88°30 .41 2′E。另一枚左下第一门齿和左上第四前臼齿产自该地点附近的同一砂层中。这是在中国境内、也是亚洲的第二个上猿化石地点。该 4枚牙齿中 ,下门齿可能与m2、m3属同一个种。m2刚开始经受磨蚀 ,m3则刚萌出齿槽。它们不同于所有已知种 (P .zhanxiangi、P .vindobonensis、P .antiquus、P .platyodon和P .priensis)的最明显的特征是在唇侧有一个很深的、间于下原尖和下次尖的漏斗状小坑。该坑由前次脊 (prehypocristid)、下次尖前方的斜脊的唇侧分支和沿下原尖唇侧壁向下延伸的一条脊所围成。此外 ,m3稍短于m2。在其他形态特征方面 ,新疆的种又以m2和m3尺寸较小、齿尖较低、齿脊较锐、近中凹和远中凹发育、釉面褶皱和唇侧齿带很发育而不同于我国宁夏同心的Pliopithecuszhanxiangi;以m2和m3的冠面较短宽且有很发育的上猿三角与P .vindobonensis区分 ;其m2和m3的尺寸明显大于P .antiquus。但在尺寸和其他形态上与P .platyodon很相似。铁尔斯哈巴合的m2、m3和下门齿应代表上猿属内的一个新?     

Plant functional types: a promising tool for management and restoration of degraded lands

Abstract. Throughout the Mediterranean region, vegetation dynamics are affected by human activities which are either ‘stresses’ or ‘disturbances’, depending on their frequency, intensity and spatial distribution. To minimize or reduce anthropogenic degradation caused by land use and other disturbances, it is necessary to understand and predict the various responses of plant communities to disturbances. In particular, detailed but integrative approaches are required to assimilate large databases on vegetation and to make them directly useful for managers and restorers. We describe two case studies undertaken to evaluate the effects of logging or overgrazing on plant species diversity in pine forests of southern France and steppe ecosystems of southern Tunisia. Both studies employed the same methodology to identify plant functional traits (morphological, life history and regeneration traits) associated with community response to disturbance. The results of these analyses allowed us to develop state and transition models that could be used to plan and predict ecosystem trajectories, assess ongoing degradation processes and monitor community and ecosystem responses to management and restoration practices. We discuss the relevance and the use of plant functional types (PFTs) as tools for ecosystem management and planning and for monitoring restoration in southern Europe, northern Africa and elsewhere. Using this approach it is possible to improve management strategies for the conservation, restoration and sustainable exploitation of biodiversity and of ecosystems.     

Heavy Metal Distribution in Open Canals and Drains in the Upper Rio Grande Basin

The inclusion of reclaimed effluents for irrigated agriculture may allow communities along the U.S.-Mexico border to use water resources more efficiently and reduce urban costs of wastewater treatment. However, metal inflow from industry and urbanization may threaten food safety. This study examines metal concentrations in sediments from open canal systems charged with flow from the Rio Grande and from effluents discharged from border communities. At the surface of canal beds, sediments were collected from six canal segments that began at the fringe of the El Paso/Juarez metroplex to rural areas downstream, and ranged from 9 to 24?km in length. Sediments were analyzed for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. These metals rarely exceeded 20?mg kg^?1. Drainage and effluent conveyance increased the variability of metal concentrations in sediments. Geostatistical models did not significantly account for spatial variability of metals, except in Mexico. This may implicate multiple rather than single inflow sources of metals. Peaks in metal concentrations often coincided with growing rural communities. However, most metal concentrations were within conventional global ranges and were not at levels high enough to threaten food safety. Future sampling strategies will require reduced sampling intervals from 1 to <0.13?km.