白木香内生真菌Fimetariella rabenhorstii的甾体类代谢产物

从白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg)内生真菌Fimetariella rabenhorstii A20的发酵菌丝体中分离得到4个甾体类化合物.通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为5α,8α-桥氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、3β,6β,7α-三羟基-(24R)麦角甾...     

新疆野杏种群结构特征与健康评价

为探明新疆野杏的生存现状,本研究从新疆野杏种群结构特征与生存状况入手,评价新疆野杏的健康状况与更新能力,为其保护与恢复提供理论依据.在新源县吐尔根乡杏花沟、巩留县塔斯托别乡伊勒格代沟、霍城县大西沟乡大西沟和巩留县库尔德宁镇大小莫合沟的4个野杏居群,共设置22个样地,调查各野生果树居群的种群非空间结构(树种组成、胸径(D...     

Pollination and seed dispersal of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae): An economic plant species with extremely small populations in China

Pollination and seed dispersal in angiosperms have long been investigated in order to understand the coevolution of plants and animals. However, the signals from flowers and/or seeds to attract pollinators and/or seed dispersers have received comparatively little attention. In this study, the pollination biology and seed dispersal of the vulnerable agarwood plant Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, a traditional medicinal plant in China, was studied in its natural distribution range. The reproductive tactics of A. sinensis were studied in detail by employing various tests dealing with fruit set and also seed dispersal. Dynamic headspace extraction followed by GC-MS analysis was also performed in order to reveal the composition of floral scent. The results showed that noctuids and pyralids are the most effective pollinators of pollinator-dependent A. sinensis. The main compounds of the floral scent were (E, E)-α-Farnesene (61.9±3.2%), trans-Ocimene (16.6±1.2%), and Benzyl salicylate (4.6±1.1%). The results obtained from seed dispersal experiments indicate that hornets are effective seed dispersers and they may play an important role in long-distance seed dispersal of A. sinensis. Based on our findings, we recommend several protection methods for this threatened agarwood plant in China.     

水团花药材鉴定方法的研究

目的:建立中药水团花的药材鉴定方法.方法:通过对主产地六批药材的研究,从薄层定性检查、水份测定、浸出物检查和灰分测定4个方面,建立了水团花的药材鉴定方法.结果:运用TLC法,定性鉴别了水团花中的2种化学成分;药材的含水量不得过9.6%;药材的水溶性浸出物不得少于31%;药材的醇溶性浸出物不得少于35%;药材的总灰分不得过5.0%.结论:该方法可用于控制水团花的质量.     

沉香叶解剖结构的研究

通过石蜡切片法,光学显微镜观察,研究了沉香叶的解剖结构。结果表明,沉香叶为典型的异面叶,但具有许多旱生特征。表皮由一层排列紧密的形状不规则的表皮细胞组成,细胞外壁角质膜较厚,上表皮角质膜较下表皮的厚3.48μm,下表皮上零星分布着单细胞表皮毛,气孔类型为无规则型,仅分布在下表皮上,微下陷;叶肉组织发达,其间分布着较多的长方晶体,其长轴与表皮垂直;栅栏组织由1～2层圆柱形细胞组成,其外层细胞转化为异细胞,栅栏组织∶海面组织为1∶3.5,下表皮内具有1～2层由异细胞组成的下皮层;主脉发达,有异细胞组成的维管束鞘,具内生韧皮部;叶内具有发达的木质部外纤维。以上特征反映出植物结构与环境的统一性。     

新疆引种蕨状满江红的生态适应性及生物学功能初探

结合新疆的环境特点,对蕨状满江红（Azolla filiculoides Lam.）进行了一系列引种适应性试验和生物学功能测定。结果表明：蕨状满江红在新疆有很强的适应性,在5-40℃均能生长,其生长最适温度为℃,且耐低温;在2-8g/L的盐溶液及pH4-10范围内也能生长,并且可降低水体的矿化度及pH值;具有净化养殖水体和很强的富钾能力,植株钾含量最高可达干重的9.66％;水利用率高,并能有效减少养殖水体表面的蒸发,有保水作用。在新疆的河、湖和水库适量养殖蕨状满江红,可实现其生态与经济价值。     

皂荚化学组成的研究

初步研究了皂荚中所含的化学成分,测定了皂甙、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶、蛋白质相对于绝干皂荚的质量百分含量。结果表明,皂荚中含有鞣质、酚性物质、生物碱、有机酸、糖类、油脂等物质。     

杏花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究

杏（Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.）花蜜腺杯状,位于凹形的花托内壁上,属花托蜜腺,由分泌表皮和产蜜组织组成。其分泌表皮具特化的角质层,气孔器下陷并失去关闭功能。液泡呈有规律的变化,淀粉粒的动态成较明显。分泌表皮中的淀粉粒逐渐减少,在杏花的初放期巳基本上完全消失,而产蜜组织中的淀粉粒积累却在杏花的初放期达到高潮。分泌表皮和产蜜组织中的蛋白质含量都较丰富,且在整个发育过程中基本保持恒定,泌蜜方式为表皮角质层和气孔。     

Reproductive biology of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae)

The reproductive biology encompassing phenology, floral biology, pollination and breeding systems, of Butea monosperma, a beautiful tree of the Indian subcontinent, was investigated in a protected dry, deciduous forest located in New Delhi. Phenological studies indicated that although the species shows a regular flowering season, all trees do not flower every year. Flowers are typically papilionaceous; the stigma is wet papillate and the style is hollow. The flowers show characteristics of bird pollination being large and bright orange-red in colour with copious amounts of nectar, and exhibiting diurnal anthesis. Although the flowers are frequented by as many as seven species of birds belonging to six families, only one species, the purple sunbird (Nectarinia asiatica), is the effective pollinator. The flowers are also pollinated by the three-striped squirrel (Funambulus tristiatus). Unlike other flower visitors, these two pollinators forage the nectar from the open side of the keel (legitimate path) during which pollen grains are deposited on their body parts. After the first visit of a sunbird or a squirrel, virgin flowers showed pollen load on the stigma and developed into fruits. B. monosperma shows a weak form of self-incompatibility. Fruit set following manual self-pollination (5.25 %) was comparable with open-pollination (approx. 5 %) but was significantly lower than manual cross-pollination (22.51 %). This indicates that there is a high degree of geitonogamous pollination in this species, which may lead to a weakening of self-incompatibility as a means of reproductive assurance. The results are analysed in the light of prevailing discussions on specialized vs. generalized pollination systems.