内蒙古西伯利亚杏种质资源表型多样性研究

为了明确内蒙古西伯利亚杏(Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam.)种质资源表型性状的变异特点和多样性,对来自14个种源的143份西伯利亚杏种质资源的37个表型性状进行聚类、相关性、主成分等分析。结果表明,内蒙古西伯利亚杏表型性状的变异系数均值为20.38%,单果重的变异系数(56.69%)最大,果形指数的变异系数(7.99%)最小,数量性状的Shannonweaver多样性信息指数(2.648)大于质量性状(0.265);各部位数量性状变异系数大小顺序为叶果核仁,多样性信息指数大小顺序为叶核仁果。基于37个表型性状数据,将种质资源分为4个类群:第Ⅰ类群核仁大且饱满,适用于选育大仁品种;第Ⅱ类群核壳薄,出仁率高,丰产潜力大;第Ⅲ类群核壳厚,适用于选育核壳用品种;第Ⅳ类群果实、果核、核仁均大但核仁不饱满,适用于改良并选育仁用杏品种。数量性状的前6个主成分累计方差贡献率达到87.20%,反映的信息与聚类分析和相关分析结果基本一致。核干重、仁干重、出核率、出仁率等经济性状受果核性状指标的影响较大,结合相关性分析和主成分分析,23个数量性状可简化为单果重、核干重、仁干重、核侧径、核壳厚、仁横径、果形指数、核形指数、仁形指数等9个主要性状。以上结果为西伯利亚杏的资源评价和品种选育提供了重要的物质基础和理论依据。     

沉香属植物研究进展

对土沉香的植物形态、生态学特性、迁地保护措施、沉香形成机理,造香、采收和加工分级进行了综述.通过分析其药用价值、园林绿化、香精等方面的开发利用价值,认为土沉香作为乡土树种,不仅经济和观赏价值较高,而且适应性强、繁殖简单、栽培容易、病虫害少,可大力推广种植土沉香.     

柯拉斯那沉香的生物活性成分研究

为了解柯拉斯那(Aquilaria crassna)的化学成分,从其所产沉香中分离得到10个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为:6,8-羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(1),6,8-二羟基-2-[2-(4-甲氧基苯)乙基]色酮(2),rel-(1a R,2R,3R,7b S)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-oxireno[f][1]benzopyran-7-one(3),rel-(1a R,2R,3R,7b S)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-7H-oxireno[f][1]benzopyran-7-one(4),rel-(1a R,2R,3R,7b S)-1a,2,3,7b-tetrahydro-2,3-dihydroxy-5-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-7H-oxireno[f][1]benzopyran-7-one(5),oxidoagarochromone B(6),oxidoagarochromone C(7),(5S,6R,7S,8R)-2-[2-(3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone(8),6,7-cis-dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromone(9),N-trans-feruloyltyramine(10)。化合物3~5和8~10为首次从柯拉斯那沉香中分离得到。化合物1,3,6,7,9和10对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有一定的抑制活性,化合物4对人慢性髓原白血病细胞株K-562和人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901均具有较小的抑制作用,化合物1和3对人肝癌细胞株BEL-7402也有抑制活性。     

将大赖草种质转移给普通小麦的研究──Ⅲ．抗赤霉病异附加系选育

大赖草比抗病品种“苏麦３号”更抗小麦赤霉病。经离体和活体赤霉病抗性单花滴注鉴定和有丝分裂中期及减数分裂中期Ⅰ的Ｃ－分带分析,选育出添加了１对第２染色体的抗赤霉病异附加系,其４４条染色体在ＭＩ配成０．１２—０．４０ⅠＩ＋２１．７０—２１．９３Ⅱ＋０．０１—０．０４Ⅳ。经Ｃ－分带和生物素标记的染色体组ＤＮＡ作探针的分子原位杂交分析证实添加的１对外源染色体在ＭＩ配成二价体,在细胞学上已基本稳定。     

蓖麻籽提取液对福寿螺毒杀效果及作用机制

采用生物浸泡法,以草本植物蓖麻籽提取液制备植物源毒杀剂,研究不同提取液浓度(0、0.5、1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0 g/L)对福寿螺毒(Pomacea canaliculata Lam)杀作用效果,并通过福寿螺在亚致死浓度1.58(LC25)、3.82(LC50)和6.05 g/L(LC75)处理条件下的肝脏组织生...     

Coflowering invasive plants and a congener have neutral effects on fitness components of a rare endemic plant

Network analyses rarely include fitness components, such as germination, to tie invasive plants to population‐level effects on the natives. We address this limitation in a previously studied network of flower visitors around a suite of native and invasive plants that includes an endemic plant at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. Eriogonum visheri coflowers with two abundant invasive plants, Salsola tragus and Melilotus officinalis, as well as a common congener, E. pauciflorum. Network analyses had suggested strong linkages between E. visheri and S. tragus and E. pauciflorum, with a weaker link to M. officinalis. We measured visitation, pollen deposited on stigmas, achene weight and germination over three field seasons (two for germination) in four populations (two in the final season) of E. visheri and applied in situ pollen treatments to E. visheri, adding pollen from other flowers on the same plant; flowers on other E. visheri plants; S. tragus, M. officinalis, or E. pauciflorum; open pollination; or excluding pollinators. Insect visitation to E. visheri was not affected by floral abundance of any of the focal species. Most visitors were halictid bees; one of these (Lasioglossum packeri) was the only identified species to visit E. visheri all three years. Ninety‐seven percent of pollen on collected E. visheri stigmas was conspecific, but 22% of flowers had >1 grain of E. pauciflorum pollen on stigmas and 7% had >1 grain of S. tragus pollen; <1% of flowers had M. officinalis pollen on stigmas. None of the pollen treatments produced significant differences in weight or germination of E. visheri achenes. We conclude that, in contrast to the results of the network analysis, neither of the invasive species poses a threat, via heterospecific pollen deposition, to pollination of the endemic E. visheri, and that its congener provides alternative pollen resources to its pollinators.     

Electroporation-mediated transient gene expression in intact cells of sweetpotato

Summary Transient expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene has been studied in leaf-derived embryogenic callus of sweetpotatoIpomoea batatas L. (Lam.) by electroporation. The influence of several factors including electric field strength, buffer composition, time course of transientGUS gene expression, DNA concentration, enzyme, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment was examined onGUS gene expression (number of blue spots). MaximumGUS gene expression (an average of 90 blue spots/fifty mg fresh weight callus tissue) was observed after 48 h when callus pieces were preincubated with electroporation (EPR) buffer for 1 h, followed by electroporation with a single electric pulse of 500 V/cm discharged from a 960-μF capacitor in the presence of 20 μg DNA/ml and 8.3 μl NaCl (3M). Changing the electroporation buffer conductivity (by varying the buffer composition with low-high salt concentrations), had only slight effect on the number of blue spots. Similarly, the time course study ofGUS gene expression revealed that GUS activity could be detected 12 h after electroporation with a maximum activity after 72 h (112 blue spots). Increasing the amount of DNA from 5 to 50 μg/ml in the EPR buffer had a slight effect on the expression frequency (from 20–110 blue spots, and 112 blue spots with 20 μg/ml). The number of blue spots was increased by enzymatic wounding of callus pieces for 10 min and by addition of 200 μl PEG 4000 (15%) before electroporation. These results suggest that intact cell electroporation can be used for producing transgenic sweetpotato tissue.     

Touch-induced gene (IbTCH1) from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]: molecular cloning and functional analysis

The cDNA of the touch-induced genes (TCH) of the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] has been cloned and analyzed. IbTCH1, which exists as at least two-copy genes in the genome of the sweet potato, encodes for 148-amino acid polypeptides, and harbors four conversed Ca²⁺-binding motif EF-hands. IbTCH1 was shown to be expressed in the flower, leaf, thick pigmented root, and particularly in the white fibrous root, but expressed only weakly in the petiole. IbTCH1 is upregulated upon exposure to environmental stresses, dehydration, and jasmonic acid. Furthermore, IbTCH1 is developmentally regulated in the leaf and root. These results strongly indicate that the gene performs functions in both plant development and in defense/stress-signaling pathways.     

富贵竹提取液中几种成分的初步研究

在富贵竹枝条基部提取液中，ＩＡＡ含量和酚类物质含量显著地高于中部和上部提取液的含量；中部提取液中的可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量最高．     

Micromorphological and anatomical characteristics of Salvia amplexicaulis Lam., S. jurisicii Košanin and S. ringens Sibth. & Sm. (Lamiaceae)

Abstract

In this study, we examined Salvia amplexicaulis Lam., S. jurisicii Ko?anin and S. ringens Sibth. & Sm. collected in the Republic of North Macedonia, which are for the first time subjected to detailed micromorphological and structural analysis using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nutlets and mucilage were additionally subjected to spectroscopic analysis using Raman and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The anatomical structure of stems and leaves is described and compared. The stems, leaves and calyces bear numerous one- and multi-cellular nonglandular trichomes, and various peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. The nutlets differ in size and shape, as well as in myxocarpy. The nutlets predominantly contained α-linolenic and linoleic acid, whereas the mucilages are primarily formed of polysaccharides. The results obtained in this study confirmed the importance of micromorphological and anatomical analysis of Salvia L. spp. plant parts, particularly trichomes and nutlets, and hence contributing to the knowledge about the variety of micromorphological characteristics within the genus Salvia L.