洱海三种生活型水生植物叶片中碳、氮与总酚含量的比较研究

植物体内的C、N和总酚是影响其被牧食和凋落物降解的重要因素,从而影响C和N在食物链的传递和生物地化循环。本研究测定了云南洱海3种生活型（挺水、沉水和浮叶）26种水生植物叶片中C、N和总酚含量以及C/N比率,并分析了它们与总酚的关系。结果表明:挺水植物叶片的C、N和总酚平均含量为448.08、39.30和24.70 mg/g,浮叶植物叶片的C、N和总酚平均含量为433.32、35.16和28.05 mg/g,沉水植物叶片的C、N和总酚平均含量为378.36、27.31和10.28 mg/g;总体上看,植物叶片C和N含量:挺水植物 浮叶植物 沉水植物;挺水和浮叶植物叶片的总酚含量差异不显著,且均远高于沉水植物叶片的总酚含量;26种植物叶片中C和N与总酚含量均呈显著正相关。在富营养化条件下,3种生活型植物所处生境的光照和CO2供给均差异显著,会对这些植物叶片的C、N和总酚含量有一定影响,此外由于应对生境中的胁迫（草食性昆虫、病原体及紫外线辐射等）压力以及自身的生长策略的不同也可能导致C、N和酚在三者中形成差异;通过对13种沉水植物叶片总酚含量比较,推测光叶眼子菜和微齿眼子菜较为适合作为洱海耐牧食恢复先锋物种;N与总酚正相关的关系可能在富营养化进程中加速湖泊沼泽化。     

鄂东花马湖水生高等植物研究：Ⅰ.水生植物区系

花马湖位于北纬30°15′—30°18′、东经114°58′—115°1′,面积约27.5km~2。湖中分布82种2变种水生维管束植物,隶属于34科66属,其中资源植物众多。花马湖水生高等植物大型属少,小型属较多,单型属相对突出。区系地理成分以温带成分占优势,计34种,占全湖种类的40.48%。起源古老的成分也较多。通过与有关湖泊水生植物区系的比较,及区系成分的分析,说明花马湖水生植物区系具有从暖温带至中亚热带过渡的特点。     

Ants impact the composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities of a myrmecophytic tank bromeliad

In an inundated Mexican forest, 89 out of 92 myrmecophytic tank bromeliads (Aechmea bracteata) housed an associated ant colony: 13 sheltered Azteca serica, 43 Dolichoderus bispinosus, and 33 Neoponera villosa. Ant presence has a positive impact on the diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities (n = 30 bromeliads studied). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the presence and the species of ant are not correlated to bromeliad size, quantity of water, number of wells, filtered organic matter or incident radiation. The PCA and a generalized linear model showed that the presence of Azteca serica differed from the presence of the other two ant species or no ants in its effects on the aquatic invertebrate community (more predators). Therefore, both ant presence and species of ant affect the composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in the tanks of A. bracteata, likely due to ant deposition of feces and other waste in these tanks.     

Genetic diversity and inferred ancestry of Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) germplasms in Thailand and Vietnam

Tropical lotus (Nelumbo) is an important and unique ecological type of lotus germplasm. Understanding the genetic relationship and diversity of the tropical lotus is necessary for its sustainable conservation and utilization. Using 42 EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats) and 30 SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers, we assessed the genetic diversity and inferred the ancestry of representative tropical lotus from Thailand and Vietnam. In total, 164 and 41 polymorphic bands were detected in 69 accessions by 36 EST-SSR and seven SRAP makers, respectively. Higher genetic diversity was revealed in Thai lotus than in Vietnamese lotus. A Neighbor-Joining tree of five main clusters was constructed using combined EST-SSR and SRAP markers. Cluster I included 17 accessions of Thai lotus; cluster II contained three Thai accessions and 11 accessions from southern Vietnam; and cluster III was constituted by 13 accessions of seed lotus. Consistent with the results from the Neighbor-Joining tree, the genetic structure analysis showed that the genetic background of most Thai and Vietnamese lotus was pure, as artificial breeding has been rare in both countries. Furthermore, these analyses indicate that Thai and Vietnamese lotus germplasms belong to two different gene pools or populations. Most lotus accessions are genetically related to geographical distribution patterns in Thailand or Vietnam. Our findings showed that the origin or genetic relationships of some unidentified lotus sources can be evaluated by comparing morphological characteristics and the data of molecular markers. In addition, these findings provide reliable information for the targeted conservation of tropical lotus and parent selection in breeding novel cultivars of lotus.     

Purification and characterization of a 22-kDa protein in chloroplasts from green spores of the fern Osmunda japonica

Changes in the polypeptide composition of chloroplasts were investigated during germination of green spores of the fern Osmunda japonica . The polypeptide composition of chloroplasts was appreciably changed during a germination time course of 48 h. Levels of five polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 47, 44, 42, 22 and 18.5 kDa in the soluble fraction of chloroplasts and three polypeptides with molecular masses of 24, 22 and 15 kDa in the thylakoid membranes decreased during germination. In contrast, no decrease of chloroplast polypeptides was observed in the spores incubated with cycloheximide for 48 h. A new 22-kDa protein was isolated from thylakoid membranes of spores and the amino-terminal sequence of the purified protein was determined. High levels of alanine and glycine were found in the basic protein (pl > 10.3). This protein, with a native molecular mass of 80 kDa, was characterized by a subunit band observed at a molecular mass of 22 kDa on SDS-PAGE and by the disappearance of the band during spore germination. Protease activity against the 22-kDa protein was observed in an extract prepared from chloroplasts of quiescent spores. A hypothetical cytosolic proteinaceous factor is implicated in the regulation of protein degradation in chloroplasts.     

广州市湿地公园植物调查与分析

为更好地提高湿地公园的生态服务能力、加强湿地公园的物种保育功能并促进湿地公园建设和发展质量,对广州地区20个湿地公园植物进行了实地调查。结果表明,调查区域共有205种湿地植物;对其物种组成、生活型、生态习性、优势科属及应用频度等的分析表明,湿地公园的植物群落结构比较简单,主要植物种类同质化现象很严重,保护和珍稀植物种类应用较少等。基于此,推荐了55种本土植物作为广州市湿地公园进行生态改造和景观配置的候选物种,同时还提出了对未来湿地公园的建设和管理的若干建议。     

蕨菜叶、茎中γ-氨基丁酸的提取分离及含量测定

用渗漉法对蕨菜叶、茎中的γ-氨基丁酸进行了提取,并用柱层析法对提取物进行了分离。采用双波长薄层扫描 法测定其含量,测得蕨菜叶、茎中γ-氨基丁酸的质量分数分别为0.319%、0.141%。采用该法测定γ-氨基丁酸操作简便、 快速,结果稳定。     

流域环境要素空间尺度特征及其与水生态分区尺度的关系——以辽河流域为例

指标体系构建是流域水生态分区技术框架中的一项重要内容。目前提出的指标体系尚缺乏一定的科学理论支持,如所选指标的生态尺度与各级分区大小之间的对应关系。生态学研究认为,不同尺度上的生态过程和格局不同。以辽河流域为例,对影响水生态系统的几个大尺度环境要素(降水、地形和植被)的空间尺度特征进行分析,得出了各要素空间变异最为显著的尺度。其中,降水的空间尺度约为75 km,地形要素和指标均大致存在16 km、32 km、64 km和128 km多个景观特征尺度。在界定水生态一、二级分区范围基础上,讨论了各环境要素作为水生态一、二级分区指标的适用性,以期为辽河流域水生态分区指标选取提供一定科学依据,同时希望能为其他流域提供一定参考。     

Food shortage affects flight migration of the giant water bug Lethocerus deyrolli in the prewintering season

The endangered giant water bug Lethocerus deyrolli (Vuillefroy) is frequently attracted in large numbers to artificial lights in Japan. To examine factors enhancing flight migration for L. deyrolli, we carried out field work in western Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan, in September during the nonreproductive and prewintering season. The body weight of specimens collected under flight migration (flight bugs) was significantly less than that of those collected in ponds (pond bugs). A field experiment using open cages in a rice paddy field was carried out with two treatments, with and without a food supply. The remaining rate of L. deyrolli for the food present treatment was significantly higher than that for the food absent treatment for the first two days. These results suggest that L. deyrolli would fly in search of food when the food supply of the present habitat becomes unsuitable.     

Adiantum diphyllum, a rare and endemic species of Bahia State, Brazil, and its close relatives

Adiantum diphyllum, a species endemic to the coastal forests of Bahia State, Brazil, is characterized and distinguished from other species ofAdiantum with anastomosing veins, elongate sori, and venuloid idioblasts.

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Adiantum diphyllum, uma espécie endêmica das florestas costeiras do leste do Brasil. é caracterizada e distinta das outras espécies deAdiantum com nervuras anastomosadas, soros alongados e idioblastos entre as nervuras.