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31.
Molecular evolution of pteridophytes and their relationship to seed plants: Evidence from complete 18S rRNA gene sequences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Complete 18S ribosomal RNA sequence data from representatives of all extant pteridophyte lineages together with RNA sequences from different seed plants were used to infer a molecular phylogeny of vascular plants that included all major land plant lineages. The molecular data indicate that lycopsids are monophyletic and are the earliest diverging group within the vascular land plants, whereasPsilotum nudum is more closely related to the seed plants than to other pteridophyte lineages. The phylogenetic trees based on maximum likelihood, parsimony and distance analyses show substantial agreement with the evolutionary relationships of land plants as interpreted from the fossil record. 相似文献
32.
Estimation of the position and effect of a lethal factor locus on a molecular marker linkage map 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R. Cheng A. Saito Y. Takano Y. Ukai 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(4):494-502
In the mapping of DNA markers the distortion of segregation of marker genotypes is often observed, which may be caused by a lethal factor acting in filial generations derived from distant crosses. A method is presented for estimating the recombination values between a lethal factor locus and neighboring molecular markers, and the relative viability or fertilization ability of gametes or zygotes affected by the lethal factor in an F2 population using the maximum likelihood method and the expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm. Three selection models of gamete or zygote were considered, and the most likely one was determined by goodness of fit of the observed frequency of the phenotypes to the expected ones under the models. The method was applied to segregation data of molecular markers of an F2 population consisting of 144 individuals derived from a cross between an Indica and a Japonica rice variety. The presence of a lethal factor locus (L) located on chromosome III that caused partial gametic selection in both the male and female sides was suggested. The locus L was tightly linked to RFLP marker number 23 of the RFLP linkage map of Saito et al. (1991a), and the fertilization chance of a male or female gamete possessing the lethal factor was, on average, 41.5% of that of the normal gamete. 相似文献
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34.
On semiparametric inference for modulated renewal processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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36.
Multivariate morphometrics and allometry in a polymorphic ant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
37.
Ying Cao Jun Adachi Axel Janke Svante Pääbo Masami Hasegawa 《Journal of molecular evolution》1994,39(5):519-527
The phylogenetic relationships among Primates (human), Artiodactyla (cow), Cetacea (whale), Carnivora (seal), and Rodentia (mouse and rat) were estimated from the inferred amino acid sequences of the mitochondrial genomes using Marsupialia (opossum), Aves (chicken), and Amphibia (Xenopus) as an outgroup. The overall evidence of the maximum likelihood analysis suggests that Rodentia is an outgroup to the other four eutherian orders and that Cetacea and Artiodactyla form a clade with Carnivora as a sister taxon irrespective of the assumed model for amino acid substitutions. Although there remains an uncertainty concerning the relation among Artiodactyla, Cetacea, and Carnivora, the existence of a clade formed by these three orders and the outgroup status of Rodentia to the other eutherian orders seems to be firmly established. However, analyses of individual genes do not necessarily conform to this conclusion, and some of the genes reject the putatively correct tree with nearly 5% significance. Although this discrepancy can be due to convergent or parallel evolution in the specific genes, it was pointed out that, even without a particular reason, such a discrepancy can occur in 5% of the cases if the branching among the orders in question occurred within a short period. Due to uncertainty about the assumed model underlying the phylogenetic inference, this can occur even more frequently. This demonstrates the importance of analyzing enough sequences to avoid the danger of concluding an erroneous tree. 相似文献
38.
本文报道海拔3417m和4280m地区世居藏族和移居汉族青少年运动状态下心肺功能的对比研究。结果显示:3417m和4280m世居藏族的最大氧耗量、无氧阈值及最大心输出量都明显大于汉族,血氧饱和度(Sao2)随运动负荷的增加而降低。海拔3417m藏、汉族的△Sao2分别为7.46%和10.03%,4280m处为8.57%和13.75%,最大心率随海拔升高而下降。研究提示,藏族青少年有较高的最大有氧能力,反映了他们对低氧环境的适应优势。 相似文献
39.
Tetsuo Hashimoto Eiko Otaka Jun Adachi Keiko Mizuta Masami Hasegawa 《Journal of molecular evolution》1993,36(3):282-289
Summary Using - and -hemoglobin sequences, we made a maximum likelihood inference as to the phylogenetic relationship among carnivores, including the two pandas, giant and lesser. Molecular phylogenetic studies up to 1985 had consistently indicated that the giant panda is more closely related to the bear than to the lesser panda. In 1986, however, a contradictory tree was constructed, using hemoglobins and so on, in which the two pandas link together (Tagle et al. 1986). In contrast to that tree, our conclusion supports the close relationship between bear and giant panda. The surface impression of a close relationship between the two pandas drawn from pairwise amino acid differences is explained by a rapid rate of hemoglobin evolution in the bear compared to that in the two pandas.Offprint requests to: T. Hashimoto 相似文献
40.