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191.
192.
广西龙虎山猕猴种群生态特征 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
1988~1995年,采用定点观察法和绝对计数与相对计数结合法对龙虎山猕猴种群生态作了调查研究。1990年核心区有猕猴14群,500只左右,猴群密度1.6群/km2,种群密度55.6只/km2.猴群大小平均33.8±23.1(n=6)只。一般每隔4~5年分群一次,猴群群体年均增长率14.8%,种群年均增长率为9.7%。猴群中成年猴性比为7.6±6.5(n=12),1~3岁组的性比为0.74±0.61(n=4),群内未成年猴比例为67.7±3.1%(n=12)。发情交配期最早11月12日,最晚次年1月20日,高峰期12月上旬,持续3个月.产仔期最早4月1日,最晚8月14日,高峰期5月上旬,持续时间4个半月.繁殖率45.5%~100%,平均75.4±13.2%(n=21)。新生猴死亡率较低,新生猴性比(雌:雄)平均0.74±0.34(n=5)。 相似文献
193.
Managing the pattern of forest harvest: lessons from wildfire 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Managing forests for sustainable use requires that both the biological diversity of the forests and a viable forest industry be maintained. A current approach towards maintaining biological diversity is to pattern forest management practices after those of natural disturbance events. This paradigm hypothesizes that ecological processes will be maintained best where active management approximates natural disturbance events. The forest management model now used in most sub-boreal and boreal forests calls for regularly dispersed clearcuts no greater than 60–100 ha in size. However, the spatial characteristics of the landscape produced by this model are distinctly different from the historic pattern generated by wildfire, which was heretofore the dominant stand-replacing process in these forests. Wildfire creates a more complex landscape spatial pattern with greater range in patch size and more irregular disturbance boundaries. Individual wildfires are often over 500 ha but leave patches of unburned forest within them. The combination of these attributes is not present in recent clearcuts. Allowing a proportion of larger (i.e.>500ha) harvest units may provide distinct economic advantages that could outweight the opportunity costs of leaving some patches of forest behind. For the forest type examined, further evaluation of modelling forest harvest patterns more closely after the patterns created by wildfire is required as it may achieve a good balance and strike a suitable compromise between certain ecological and economic objectives of sustainable development. 相似文献
194.
面向21世纪的中国生态学 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
面向21世纪的中国生态学陈涛(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)EcologyTowards21stCenturyinChina.ChenTao(InstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseAcademyofScien... 相似文献
195.
196.
辽河三角洲湿地的景观破碎化分析 总被引:111,自引:13,他引:98
利用遥感、GIS手段对辽河三角洲的湿地景观进行研究,并选用6种不同的方法对研究区的景观破碎化程度进行分析.结果表明,研究区的景观破碎化程度较低,总体斑块密度为0.286个·km-2,廊道密度为1.098km·km-2,聚集度指数为0.955.景观破碎化与人类活动密切相关,随着人类活动的增加,景观破碎化程度加深.廊道景观的发展是景观破碎化的前提与动因. 相似文献
197.
本文采用自行设汁的蒸散仪和加拿大Campbe 11科学仪器公司生产的自动气象设备测定了松嫩草原碱化草地角碱蓬群落的蒸散、蒸腾量、太阳辐射及空气温度等环境因子。分析结果表明生长季的睛天条件下,角碱蓬群落的蒸散、蒸腾速率的日进程均为单峰曲线,且各月份间差异很大。群落蒸腾速率与太阳辐射强度、空气温度、相对湿度、风速等环境因子紧密相关,其中与太阳辐射强度呈极显著正相关关系。生长季降雨量和土壤含水量在角碱蓬群落水分循环与平衡的过程中起重要调节作用。1992年6~8月的生长季中,角碱蓬群落总的水分亏缺较少(6.3mm),但各月份间差异很大,其中6月份水分亏缺最高(30.1mm)。 相似文献
198.
滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecusbieti)现状及其保护对策研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecusbieti)是我国特有的珍稀濒危动物,生活在海拔3800~4300m的原始冷杉林中,但有时也会在4300~4700m的低矮灌丛、草甸和流石滩上活动达数小时之久,甚至能跨越近千米的无林高海拔地带,因而它们是海拔分布最高的非人灵长类。松萝是它们的主要食物,取食松萝的时间占总取食时间的91%。猴群活动范围可达近百平方公里。笔者在历时8年的野外考察中,已查明这一物种的全部现存自然种群只有13个,分布在云南的德钦、兰坪、潍西、丽江和西藏的芒康这五县境内,其现存种群数量为1000~1500只;所有现存自然种群几乎均处在相互隔离的状态,群间已不可能进行基因交流,充分表明它们已到达灭绝边缘。然而其栖息地内的商业伐木规模仍在继续扩大,周围的人口压力正在不断增加,各猴群均面临不同程度的偷猎压力。这一现状委实令人担忧。如何拯救这一“国宝”应引起我国保护学家和各级政府有关职能部门的重视 相似文献
199.
Abstract. A five-year experimental study was carried out to examine the combined effects of grazing and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the vegetation of three dry dune grasslands: one short species-rich, one short species-poor, and one predominated by tall graminoids. Additional fertilization with nitrogen had no significant effect, neither in grazed nor in non-grazed plots. Exclusion of grazing by rabbits resulted in an increase in the frequency of perennial graminoids and a decrease in the frequency of annual graminoids and herbs. Nevertheless, species diversity remained the same in the species-rich grassland. During the experiment, the above-ground biomass increased in all nongrazed plots and the amount of bare soil and mosses decreased. The vegetation changes occurred mainly within one year after the exclusion of grazing. An exception is the grass-dominated site where the amount of Calamagrostis epigejos increased gradually from ca. 20 % in the first two years to about 50 % in the fourth and fifth year. Grazing by rabbits seems essential to prevent graminoids to become predominant in the dry dunes. If graminoids are dominant, grazing by horses can be an appropriate method to restore the original grassland vegetation. After six months of grazing by horses the grass-dominated site showed a decrease of the frequency of perennial graminoids, from 95 % to 80 %, and an increase of the frequency of perennial herbs, from 2.5 % to between 13 and 20 %. 相似文献
200.
Large Pseudomonas phages isolated from barley rhizosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract: Five bacteriophages infecting common fluorescent pseudomonads ( Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida ) were isolated from barley rhizosphere soil. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the phages are described together with selected phage-host interactions. All phages belonged to the Myoviridae family with isometrical heads on contractile tails; 4 of them were unusually large and had complex protein and DNA profiles. The large phages had estimated genome sizes of 200 kb or more. Restriction enzyme analyses and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that all isolates represented different phage species. None of the isolates were observed to establish lysogeny with the main host strain, P. putida MM1. The large phages multiplied slowly on their hosts, producing very small plaques; one-step growth experiments with one of the large phages (Psp 4) hence demonstrated a long latent period (2.5 h) and a very small burst size (10 particles). One of the large phages (Psp 3) was abundant in the rhizosphere (approx. 104 pfu g−1 soil) and had a particularly broad host range which extended to both fluorescent ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. putida and Pseudomonas chlororaphis ) and non-fluorescent (Pseudomonas stutzeri) Pseudomonas spp. occurring in soil. The ecological importance of the large Pseudomonas phages must be further studied, but their slow multiplication rates suggested a possible mechanism of balanced phage-host co-existence in the rhizosphere. 相似文献